per
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
1735-3165
2008-7268
2014-02
12
11
871
872
article
Text, Table or Diagram?
M. Rezaeian
moeygmr2@yahoo.co.uk
1
سخن سردبیر Editorial مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان دوره دوازدهم، بهمن 1392، 872-871 متن، جدول یا نمودار؟ Text, Table or Diagram? محسن رضائیان [1] M. Rezaeian نویسندگان مقالات علمی در بخش یافتهها مبادرت به گزارش نتایج مطالعه علمی خود در قالب متن، جدول و یا نمودار مینمایند. اگرچه به نظر میرسد که نگارش بخش یافتهها ساده میباشد، اما همواره گزینش این نکته که چه یافتههایی در قالب متن ارائه گردد و چه یافتههایی در قالب نمودار، امری ساده نمیباشد. در این سخن سردبیری سعی میشود تا با ارائه چند دستورالعمل ساده به تصمیمگیری در خصوص این امر مهم کمک گردد. اصولاً یافتههایی را که میتوان در قالب یک جمله ساده مطرح کرد، نیازی به گزارش در قالب جدول یا نمودار ندارند. به عبارت دیگر، جدول و یا نمودار را باید برای حجم وسیعتری از دادهها استفاده کرد. همچنین، توصیه شده است که در متن مقالات علمی، از ارائه جداول یکبعدی نیز خودداری گردد. سادهترین جدولی که در این مقالات ارائه میگردد باید حداقل دارای دو سطر و دو ستون مرتبط با هم باشد ] 1 [ . اصولاً، جداول با ارائه دقیق یافتهها به نویسندگان کمک میکنند که جزئیات یافتههای خود را با خوانندگان خود در میان بگذارند. نویسندگان میتوانند حجم نسبتاً وسیعی از دادههای خود را در قالب جداول منظم به دقت طراحی شده به نمایش بگذارند. منتهی جداول در مقایسه با نمودارها، در نشان دادن روندها، الگوها و موقعیت دادههای دورافتاده موفقیت چندانی ندارند. بنابراین، وقتی که نویسندگان دارای الگوی جالبی در یافتههای خود بوده و یا تمایل دارند که خوانندگانشان به روندها نظر افکنده ویا موقعیت دادههای دورافتاده را بهتر درک کنند، ضروری است که از نمودارها استفاده نمایند. با این وجود، نقطه ضعف نمودارها این است که آنها نمیتوانند مانند جداول، دادهها را با دقت و با ذکر جزئیات نشان دهند ] 2 [ . نکته مهم دیگر این است که اگر نویسندگان از جداول و یا نمودار استفاده میکنند نباید تمام جزئیات آن را در متن تکرار نمایند، بلکه برعکس، باید در متن فقط به مهمترین نکات هر جدول ویا نمودار اشاره کرده و اجازه دهند که خوانندگان، خود پیام جدول و یا نمودار را به درستی درک و تفسیر نمایند. برای دستیابی به این امر، آنها باید جداول ونمودارهای خود را منطبق با اصول صحیح طراحی نموده و دقت نمایند که در صورت کاربرد هرگونه علایم مخفف، در زیرنویس جدول و یا نمودار، آن علایم را توضیح دهند. آنها همچنین، باید در متن مقاله و در جای مناسب خود به جدول یا نمودار مورد نظرشان ارجاع دهند ] 3 [ . بالاخره، ذکر این نکته نیز ضروری است که عناوین جداول باید در بالای آنها و عناوین نمودارها، در زیر آنها قید گردد. همچنین، استفاده از دو ابزار بصری، یعنی هم جدول و هم نمودار برای نشان دادن تنها یک یافته علمی، عملی نابجاست که باید از آن پرهیز نمود ] 3-2 [ . References [1] Durbin CG Jr. Effective use of tables and figures in abstracts, presentations, and papers . Respir Care. 2004 49(10): 1233-7 . [2] Johnson C, Green B. Submitting manuscripts to biomedical journals: common errors and helpful solutions. J Manipulative Physiol Ther. 2009 32(1): 1-12. [3] Rezaeian, M. Step by step article writing: A practical guide. Arak: Nevisandeh Publications. 2010. [Farsi] [1] - استاد گروه آموزشی پزشکی اجتماعی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان تلفن: 5234003-0391، دورنگار: 5225209-0391، پست الکترونیکی: moeygmr2@yahoo.co.uk
http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-2086-en.pdf
Text
Table
Diagram
per
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
1735-3165
2008-7268
2014-02
12
11
873
880
article
Prevalence and Reasons for Nutritional Supplement Use Among Athletes in Body Building Gyms, Kerman 2012
M.R. Nakhaee
nakhaeemr@yahoo.com
1
M. Pakravan
mapakravan@yahoo.com
2
PhD Student in Sport Physiology, Uromia University, Uromia, Iran
MSC in Sport Injuries and Corrective Exercise, corrective movements Committee Consultant of Sport Medicine Board in Kerman Province, Kerman, Iran
Background and Objective: A large number of athletes use nutritional supplement worldwide, and objective is to determine the prevalence and reasons for nutritional supplement use among athletes in body building gyms. Material and Methods : At first five gyms were randomly selected from the list of all 50 gym of Kerman city in 2012. A researcher-made questionnaire which its content validity was confirmed , was filled out by athletes. The tool consisted of 4 parts: baseline questions, some questions regarding use of nutritional supplements, their opinions and reasons for supplements use. Results: Out of 199 males enrolled in the study 48.7% were nutritional supplement user and the respective figure for female participants (n=86) was 4.6%. The most important reason for use was increment in exercise performance (77.3%) and fear of side effects was the most common reason for none-use. Nutritional supplement was more likely to be used by those with higher socioeconomic station (OR= 3.17), and those who engaged in bodybuilders (OR=2.57) and with exercise duration of more than two years (OR= 3.92). Conclusion : Regarding the relatively high prevalence of nutritional supplement use, sufficient and up-to-date supplement and nutritional education for athletes regarding their side effects and indications is warranted. Key words: Nutritional supplement, Athlete, Body building gym, Prevalence . Funding: This study did not have any Supported. Conflict of interest : Non declared. Ethical approval : The Ethics Committee of Kerman University of Medical Sciences approved the study. How to cite this article : Nakhaee MR, Pakravan M . Prevalence and Reasons for Nutritional Supplement Use Among Athletes in Body Building Gyms, Kerman 2012 . J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2014 12(11): 873-880. [Farsi]
http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-1473-en.pdf
Nutritional supplement
Athlete
Body building gym
Prevalence
per
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
1735-3165
2008-7268
2014-02
12
11
881
894
article
The Effect of Strength Exercise Program on the Hip Abductor and Lateral Rotator Muscles in Correcting Pronated Foot
A. Dadashpoor
dadashpoor.amir@gmail.com
1
S.S. Shojaeddin
2
M.H. Alizadeh
3
Background and Objective: Pronated foot is one of the most common abnormalities associated with navicular drop and may be influenced by the hip muscles. The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of a strength exercise program on the hip abductor and lateral rotator muscles in pronated foot. Materials and Methods: This study was a randomized clinical trial of pre-and post-test. Thirty male subjects (ages 18-25) with pronated foot participated in this study and were randomly divided into control and experimental groups. Before starting strength training program, the pronated foot was measured by navicular drop test and the strength of hip abductor and lateral rotator muscles assessed using hand-held dynamometer. The experimental group participated in strength training program three days a week for six weeks. The control group was asked to continue their daily activity. After 6 weeks, pronated foot and muscles strength were measured again. Descriptive statistics, t-test for independent samples and paired sample t-test were applied for statistical analysis. Results: The findings showed significant increase between pre and post-tests in the strength of hip abductor (p<0.001) and lateral rotator (p0.05). In comparison, the results showed that in both the experimental and control groups, at pre-test, there was no significant difference in pronated foot (p= 0.781) however, significant differences were observed in the post test (p= 0.043). Conclusion: The results indicated that increasing the strength of hip abductor and lateral rotator muscles can decrease navicular drop and correcting pronated foot. Key words: Pronated foot, Strength Exercise Program, Hip Abductor Muscles, Hip Lateral Rotator Muscles Funding: This study did not have any funds. Conflict of interest: None declared. Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Kharazmi University approved the study. How to cite this article : Dadashpoor A, Shojaeddin SS , Alizadeh MH. The Effect of Strength Exercise Program on the Hip Abductor and Lateral Rotator Muscles in Correcting Pronated Foot . J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2014 12(12): 881-94. [Farsi]
http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-1499-en.pdf
Pronated foot
Strength Exercise Program
Hip Abductor Muscles
Hip Lateral Rotator Muscles
per
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
1735-3165
2008-7268
2014-02
12
11
895
906
article
The Role of N-Acetyl Cysteine on Reduction of Diazinon-Induced Oxidative Stress in Rat Liver and Kidney
F. Izadi
1
M. Jafari
m.jafari145@gmail.com
2
H. Bahdoran
3
A. Asgari
4
A. Divsalar
5
M. Salehi
6
Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Background and Objective: Diazinon (DZN) as an organophosphate (OP) pesticide induces the production of free radicals and oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of N-acetyl cysteine (NAC) as a n antioxidant against DZN- induced oxidative stress in rat liver and kidney. Materials and Methods: In the present experimental study , male Wistar rats were randomly divided into four groups including: control (vehicle, corn oil), DZN group (100 mg/kg), NAC group (160 mg/kg), and experimental group: co-treatment with NAC and DZN. Twenty four hours after injection, animals were anesthetized by ether, and then liver and kidney tissues were quickly removed. After tissues hemogenation, superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), glutathione S-transferase (GST) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) activities, and the levels of glutathione (GSH) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured by biochemical methods. The data was statistically analysed using analysis of variance (ANOVA) followed by post hoc analysis using Tukey tests. Results: DZN increased SOD, CAT and GST activities in liver and kidney and LDH activity in liver. The decreased GSH content and increased MDA level in liver and kidney were also observed. Administration of NAC significantly decreased SOD, GST and LDH activities in liver and decreased CAT activity in liver and kidney. NAC increased GSH level in liver and kidney and decreased MDA level in liver. Conclusion: Diazinon probably causes free radical production, which leads to the enhanced lipid peroxidation membrane and depleted GSH content in liver and kidney. Administration of NAC by directly eliminating ROS and GSH synthesis and decreasing DZN toxicity, but it does not protect completely. Key words: Diazinon, NAC, Oxidative stress, Liver, Kidney, Rat Funding: This work was supported by a grant from Chemical Injuries Research Center of Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences (Tehran, Iran). Conflict of interest: None declared. Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of the institute approved the experimental protocol and all efforts were made to minimize the animal suffering How to cite this article : Izadi F, Jafari M, Bahadoran H, Asgari A.R, Divsalar A, Salehi M. The role of N-acetyl cysteine on reduction of diazinon-induced oxidative stress in rat liver and kidney . J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2014 12(11): 895-906. [Farsi]
http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-1375-en.pdf
Diazinon
NAC
Oxidative stress
Liver
Kidney
Rat
per
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
1735-3165
2008-7268
2014-02
12
11
907
918
article
Removal of Acid Orange 7 Dye from Synthetic Textile Wastewater by Single-Walled Carbon Nanotubes: Adsorption Studies, Isotherms and Kinetics
S.P. Moussavi
1
M.M. Emamjomeh
m_emamjomeh@yahoo.com
2
M.H. Ehrampoush
3
M. Dehvari
4
S. Jamshidi
5
Background and Objective: Colors can cause major environmental pollutions and are responsible for the carcinogenic and mutagenic risks. In this study, single-walled carbon nanotubes have been carried out to determine the efficiency of removal of Acid Orange 7 ( AO7 ) dye from synthetic textile wastewater. Materials and Methods : In the laboratory study , the color was determined in 484 nm using spectrophotometer. Batch flow laboratory study was designed to investigate the effects of the different parameters including adsorbent dose (0.05 to 0.4 g/ l ), contact time (30 to 180 minutes ), the initial concentration of the dye (25 , 50, 75 and 100 mg/l ), pH (3 to 11) and mixing intensity (40, 60 , 80, 100 and 120 rpm) on the dye removal efficiency by single-walled carbon nanotubes. All sample test s were repeated three times and then, in order to compare the effect of different parameters , the collected data was analyzed by one-way ANOVA test. Results : The results showed that the dye removal efficiency could be increased when the different parameters including adsorbent dose , contact time and mixing intensity are increased in this process. The results also showed that the decolourization of dye solution is inversely related to the initial dye concentration and the pH solution. The maximum dye removal efficiency was obtained while the adsorbent dose and pH were found to be 0.3 g and 3, respectively. Time of color removal was obtained by 180 min in equilibrium. AO7 adsorption isotherm follows Langmuir model (R2= 99.4%) , and the pseudo second-order kinetics. Conclusion : The results showed that the single-walled carbon nanotubes are effective adsorbents for the dye removal from textile wastewater , especially AO7 dye. Key words : Acid Orange 7 dye removal , Single-walled carbon nanotubes, Adsorption, Isotherms and kinetics, Textile Funding : This study was funded by research deputy of Yazd University of Medical Sciences. Conflict of interest : None declared. Ethical approval : The Ethics Committee of Yazd University of Medical Sciences approval the study. . How to cite this article : Moussavi SP, Emamjomeh MM , Ehrampoush MH . Removal of Acid Orange 7 dye from synthetic textile wastewater by single-walled carbon nanotubes : adsorption studies , isotherms and kinetics . J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2014 12(11): 907-18. [Farsi]
http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-1476-en.pdf
Acid Orange 7 dye removal
Single-walled carbon nanotubes
Adsorption
Isotherms and kinetics
Textile
per
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
1735-3165
2008-7268
2014-02
12
11
919
928
article
The Effect of Endurance Swimming Exercise on HIF-1 Levels in Livers of Pregnant Rats Exposed to Cadmium Toxicity
Sh. Mirdar
shadmehr.mirdar@gmail.com
1
S.
2
M. Hedayati
3
A. Hajizade
4
university of mazandaran
Background and Objective: The physiological changes in liver function in pregnancy are commonly transient and are rarely permanent. HIFs are important to treatment of injuries,inflammation and response to hypoxia. However exercise in pregnancy and some of environmental toxicities can influence HIF levels.The goal of this study was identification of endurance swimming by identifying HIF-1 proteins in pregnant rat liver exposure to cadmium. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 32 pregnant wistar rats were randomly assigned to four treatment groups(n=8):control, exercise, cadmium and cadmium-exercise. Experimental group were exposed to intervention programs of of swimming and cadmium for 3 weeks.Training protocol included 60 minutes swimming (1h/day,5days/week) during pregnancy. The pregnant rats received 400 ppm cadmium as cadmium choloride in drinking water. Statistical analysis data was obtained by one-way analysis of vaiance and Scheffe method. Results: There analysis of results showed, maternal weight and maternal liver weight of cadmium group were lower compared with control group. HIF-1alpha levels significantly increased in exercise group and cadmium-exercise group compared with cadmium group (p<0.001). In contrast serum HIF-1alpha levels in cadmium group significantly (p<0.001) decreased compared with control group,butsignificantly (p<0.001). Conclusion: In conclusion, the findings data suggest that regular swimming exercise at submaximal intensity compensates of cadmium reducing effects of liver HIF-1alpha in pregnants rat. Key words: Swimming, Hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha, Pregnancy, Cadmium Funding: This research was funded by personal contribution. Conflict of interest: None declared. Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of University of Mazandaran, approved the study. How to cite this article : Mirdar Sh, Memarian S, Hedayati M, Hajizade A. The Effect of Endurance Swimming Exercise on Hif-1 Levels in Livers of Pregnant Rats Exposed to Cadmium Toxicity. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2014 12(11): 919-28. [Farsi]
http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-1491-en.pdf
Swimming
Hypoxia inducible factor 1 alpha
Pregnancy
Cadmium
per
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
1735-3165
2008-7268
2014-02
12
11
929
942
article
Predicting Learning Outcome of Students Based on their Perceptions from Courses in Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences in 2013
E. shahrabadi
s_e_1400@yahoo.com
1
M. rezaeian
moeygmr2@yahoo.co.uk
2
A.A. haghdoost
3
rafsanjan
rafsanjan
kerman
Background and Objectives: Learners attitude of teaching - learning environment have a particular effect on learning skills and improving their performance during the course and their satisfaction after professional education. This study was designed to Predict learning outcomes based on the perceptions of the courses in Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was performed in 2013. Medicine, Dentistry, Midwifery-Nursing and Paramedical students were selected based on census (n=314) from Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. Data gathering tool was a standard course experience questionnaire (CEQ) includes: Good teaching, clear and standard goals, appropriate assessment and workload that used to measure the perceptions of course. General skills (Lifelong learning skill) and course satisfaction were used for measuring learning outcomes and Previous semester’s grade point average (GPA) as an academic achievement. Data were analyzed by descriptive statistics and inferential parametric statistics (t-test, Pearson's correlation coefficient and multiple linear regressions) Result: In this study, good teaching, clear goals and sex variables were predicted 31 percent of the variance of lifelong learning skills. Good teaching, clear and standard goals, appropriate workload and appropriate assessment were predictors of course satisfaction. Sex, course field and clear and standard goals were predictor of GPA (p<0.05). Conclusion: This study shows the importance of teachers to represent good teaching that is a fundamental factor of learning lifelong learning skills and the course satisfaction. Authorities should be able to have educational interventions on promotion of lifelong learning skills field followed by course satisfaction. Key words: Learning Outcome, Course Experience, Predictor, Students Funding: This research was founded by article Authors. Conflict of interest: None declared. Ethical approval: The Research Committee of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences approved the study. How to cite this article : Shahrabadi E, Rezaeian M, Haghdoost A.A. Predicting Learning Outcome of Students Based on their Perceptions from Courses in Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences in 2013 . J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2014 12(11): 929-42. [Farsi]
http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-1872-en.pdf
Learning Outcome
Course Experience
Predictor
Students
per
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
1735-3165
2008-7268
2014-02
12
11
943
948
article
The Relationship between Morphological Differentiation of Colorectal Cancer with Lymph/Vascular Involvement: A Short Report
K. Ziari
medicalresco2@yahoo.com
1
K. Gohari moghaddam
medicalresco2@yahoo.com
2
K. Alizadeh
medicalresco2@yahoo.com
3
M. Dadpay
medicalresco2@yahoo.com
4
Department of pathology, Be’sat Hospital
Department of pathology, Imam Reza Hospital
Department of pathology, Be’sat Hospital
Department of pathology, Imam Reza Hospital
Background and Objective : Lymphovascular involvement is the main and most important prognostic factor in colorectal cancer. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship of morphological differentiation and lymph/vascular involvement. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the pathological results of 52 colectomy patients between 2006 and 2011 in Emam-Reza and Be’sat Hospital in Tehran with pathological confirmed colorectal cancers were analyzed. The X2 test was used to compare discrete variables. The findings are presented as a frequency, percentage, mean and standard deviation. Results : There was no association between morphological differentiation and lymph node involvement (p= 0.936) as well as involvement of peripheral lymph nodes (p= 0.365). While the degree of morphological differentiation was significantly associated with vascular involvement (p= 0.031) and distant metastases (p= 0.031). Conclusion: Morphological differentiation of the tumor can predict vascular involvement and distant metastasis in colorectal carcinoma patients, although the association was not observed with the lymph nodes involvement. Key words: Colorectal carcinoma, Morphological differentiation, Vascular involvement, Lymph nodes Funding: This research was funded by AJA University of Medical Sciences. Conflict of interest: None declared. Etical approval: The Ethics Committee of AJA University of Medical Sciences approved the study. How to cite this article : Ziari K , Gohari Moghaddam K, Alizadeh K, Dadpay M . The Relationship between Morphological Differentiation of Colorectal Cancer with Lymph/Vascular Involvement: A Short Report . J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2014 12(11): 943-8. [Farsi]
http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-1533-en.pdf
Colorectal carcinoma
Morphological differentiation
Vascular involvement
Lymph nodes
per
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
1735-3165
2008-7268
2014-02
12
11
949
954
article
Comparison of Motor Unit Electrical Activity of the Abdominal Muscles During Different Positions of Sit-Up: A Short Report
S.M. Niazi
seyedmohamadniazi@yahoo.com
1
A. Zeraat pishe
2
Islamic azda university jiroft branch
Islamic azda university jiroft branch
Background and Objectives: Abdominal muscles' strength has a large impact on the trunk, sustains static, and reduces the pressure on the lumbar spine. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to compare the motor unit electrical activity of the abdominal muscles during different positions of sit-up. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted on valunter fifteen participates without any history of neural diseases male . Surface electromyography were measured from rectus abdomen’s, oblique externus during sit-up exercise. Student t-test was used for statistical analysis. Results : The results indicated that the rectus femora’s muscle in sit-ups flexed and supported leg exercise whereas their activity in sit-up. Also the oblique externus abdominal muscle was more active in sit-up extended and supported legs exercise than their activity in sit-up extended and supported legs. Conclusion : The functional results of this study help to coach, notice to this fact that strengthen any muscle with motion that more involved it. Key words: Sit-up, Electromyography, Rectus abdominals, Oblique externus and Rectus femoris muscles Funding: This research was funded by Islamic Azad University Branch. Conflict of interest: None declared. Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Islamic Azad University Branch approved the study. How to cite this article : Niazi S.M, Zeraat pishe A . Comparison of Motor Unit Electrical Activity of the Abdominal Muscles During Different Positions of Sit-Up: A Short Report . J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2013 12(10): 949-54. [Farsi]
http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-1467-en.pdf
Sit-up
Electromyography
Rectus abdominals
Oblique externus and Rectus femoris muscles