@article{ author = {Gol, A. and Sofiabadi, M. and Abbasnejad, M. and Parvizi, MR.}, title = {The Regulatory Effect of Female Sex Steroid Hormones on Nitric Oxid Production}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {Sex Steroied Hormones, Nitric Oxide , Nitrite-Nitrate}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {124-130}, publisher = {Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-61-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-61-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3165}, eissn = {2008-7268}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {Tabatabai-Bafghi, A. and Mojibian, M.}, title = {Effect of Metformin on the Menstrual Regulation in Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {Irregular bleeding, PCOS, Metformin}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {137-142}, publisher = {Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-62-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-62-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3165}, eissn = {2008-7268}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {Mirzaee, F. and Bakhshi, H. and Yasinee, S.M. and Bashardoust, N.}, title = {The prevalence and intensity of primary dysmenorrhea based on personality type in Rafsanjan high school students}, abstract ={}, Keywords = { Dysmenorhea and personality type and rafsanjan, High school girls}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {151-157}, publisher = {Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-63-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-63-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3165}, eissn = {2008-7268}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {Samaei, A. and Nobahar, M. and Vafaei, A.A.}, title = {Assessment of minimal therapeutically dosage of Carbamazepine and Valproate in control of Epileptic attacks}, abstract ={}, Keywords = { Epilepsy, Carbamazepine, Valproate}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {159-163}, publisher = {Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-64-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-64-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3165}, eissn = {2008-7268}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {Heidari, M.R. and Bayat, M.}, title = {Effects of methanolic extract of Papaver somniferum L.On seizure induced by picrotoxin in mice}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {Papaver somniferum L.- Seizure - Picrotoxin - Mice}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {187-194}, publisher = {Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-65-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-65-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3165}, eissn = {2008-7268}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {Sepehri, GH. and Moosavifar, M.}, title = {The Frequency of Anabolic Steroid Abuse in Bodybuilder Athletes in Kerman City .}, abstract ={}, Keywords = {Anabolic steroid, Bodybuilder athletes, Drug abuse}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {213-221}, publisher = {Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-99-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-99-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3165}, eissn = {2008-7268}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {}, title = {A Comprative Study Between Dynamic Stretching Exercises with or Without Audio-sensory Feedback and Static Stretching Exercises in Hamstring Muscle}, abstract ={Background: One of the main causes of musculo-skeletal disorders is muscular imbalance, particularly in urban population who do not have suitable physical activity. These can lead to spinal, lower limb and gait abnormalities. Applying the most appropriate and effective technique to stretch the shortened muscles is very important in these patients. The current belief is that using biofeedback simultaneously with exercise therapy may increase the effect of treatments. This has inspired the researchers to investigate the effect of feedback during stretching hamstring muscle. Materials and Methods: A randomized single blinded clinical trial was conducted on 45 female volunteers from Fateme Zahra Dormitory of Shahid Beheshti University (20-25 years old).   All of the subjects completed the questionnaire from voluntaril, then they were randomly divided to three groups of 15 subjects. We considered three stretching techniques (static stretch, dynamic stretch with audio-sensory feedback and dynamic stretch only). The treatment course took 4 weeks (every day except weekends). The flexibility of the hamstring muscle was assessed by measuring the Range of Motion (ROM) directly by a goniometer and also indirectly by Sit & Reach test at the start and the end of the treatment courses. A T-test and Tukey-B tests were used to analyze the data. Results: According to the statistical analysis, all of the three stretching techniques significantly improved the flexibility of the hamstring muscles, however there was no significant differences among the groups. Conclusion: According to relatively equal results of three stretching execises, it seems that the use of feedback simultaneously with stretching can encourage the patients to perform their exercises as much as possible.   Key words: Stretching, Static and dynamic flexibility, Hamstring, Feedback}, Keywords = {Stretching, Static and dynamic flexibility, Hamstring, Feedback}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {222-232}, publisher = {Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-5427-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-5427-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3165}, eissn = {2008-7268}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Effect of oral Aluminium Intake on Plasma Glucose Concentrations while Fasting and after Glucose Tolerance Tests in Rats}, abstract ={Background: There is no solid evidence of aluminium (Al3+) toxicity resulting from the Al3+ present in foods or from aluminium utensils used to prepare or contain foods. However recent studies have strongly emphasized Al3+ toxicity in chronic renal failure patients and patients administered aluminium containing antacids. In this study the effect of high doses of Al3+ on glucose metabolism in rats has been investigated. Six groups of male and female albino rats within a weight range of 180-220 grams were fed with food containing Al3+ (75, 212.5, 312.5, 625, 1250, 2500 mg/kg food) for two months. During this time, at 15-day intervals, measurements of plasma glucose concentrations, both while fasting - Fasting Blood Sugar (F.B.S) - and after Glucose Tolerance Test (G.T.T) were taken from the test and control groups. The results indicate that Al3+ can increase fasting plasma glucose and impair glucose tolerance in a dose and time dependent manner. Fasting plasma glucose of the control group at the end of the 60 day- intervention (113.8±4 mg/dl) was significantly less than the case-group, which consumed food containing Al3+ (2500 mg/kg) (165.9±10 mg/dl). In general the results of this study reveal for first time, that the toxic effect of aluminium on glucose metabolism must be considered, particularly in individuals with frequent exposure to the element.   Keywords: Aluminium, Insulin secretion, Voltage Activated Calcium Channels, Fasting Blood Sugar, Glucose Tolerance Test, Glucose Metabolism.}, Keywords = {Aluminium, Insulin secretion, Voltage Activated Calcium Channels, Fasting Blood Sugar, Glucose Tolerance Test, Glucose Metabolism.}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {233-241}, publisher = {Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-5428-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-5428-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3165}, eissn = {2008-7268}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Effects of Swimming Stress on the Development of Pentylene-Tetrazole Kindling in Rat: Role of Glucocorticoid and Opioids}, abstract ={Introduction: Stress causes glucocorticoids (GCs) and endogenous opioids release. Some steroids have inhibitory effects but others are preconvulsant. Endogenous opioid mechanisms may probably aggrevate stress-induced seizures. Swimming at 20 degree C for 3 min (swim stress, SS) delays the onset of convulsions induced by pentylenetetrazol (PTZ) and aggravats electroshock-induced seizures. In this study we considered effect of repeated swimming stress on repeated injection of  PTZ for induction of chemical kindling. Material and Method: 56wistar rats were housed in 7 groups of eight. Animals were kindled by PTZ injections (45mg/kg) given intraperitoneally every 48h. For considering of the effect of GCs and endogenous opioids we administrated metyrapone, an inhibitor of GCs Synthesis and naloxone as an opioid receptor antagonist. Metyrapone and naloxone applied 30 min before each PTZ injection. Results: Process of kindling was aggravated by SS. Mean necessary days for inducing fifth stage of chemical kindling in SS group decreased to 3.3 days after PTZ injection in comparison to PTZ group (4.9 days). Kindling was prevented by treatment of metyrapone prior to each PTZ injection. Mean values of the seizure stages in different days in this group were significantly decreased comparing to PTZ group (except in the second and sixth days). Naloxone pretreatment delayed the process of kindling. In this group mean day inducing kindling increased to the ninth day and 50% of animals became kindled. Application of stress 30 min after naloxone aggravated the process of kindling and in this group all of animals became kindled. Discussion: The results have been shown that swimming stress probably through releasing GCs and endogenous opioids increases the development of PTZ-induced kindling and mu opioid receptors may have a important role in the expression of opioid effects.   Key words: swimming stress- glococorticoid- opioids - chemical kindling- rat}, Keywords = {: swimming stress- glococorticoid- opioids - chemical kindling- rat}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {242-251}, publisher = {Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-5429-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-5429-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3165}, eissn = {2008-7268}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Investigation of Bread Quality and Hygienic condition of Rafsanjan’s Bakeries}, abstract ={Background: Breads are the major food in Iran. Recent studies in Iran have shown that dialy broad consumption was 300gr. 40.2% of the total energy per person was obtained from bread. Materials and Methods:  This cross-sectional study was done in 81 bakeries in Rafsanjan. The main objectives were to determine some properties of the bread, such as pH, NaCl, doughness …, in various breads (Taftoon, Sangak, Fantezi). Results: The studies showed that 10.36% of each broad was doughy. The mean pH was 5.4, but 22.2% of breads had a pH above standard. The mean NaCl was 3.27 gr/bread, which was under the standard of Iran. Only 16% bakeries had good hygienic condition. Conclusion: The education of Bakeries’s workers, continous control of hygeinic condition, precision in the preparation of good quality primary materials, to accompolish continous investigation for increasing of bread quality and elimination of chemical harmful materials from bread can be effective for improvement of affairs.   Key words: Bread quality, Hygienic condition, Bakeries}, Keywords = {Bread quality, Hygienic condition, Bakeries}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {252-259}, publisher = {Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-5430-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-5430-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3165}, eissn = {2008-7268}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {}, title = {School Screening for Scoliosis and Trunk Asymmetries in High School Students (1999-2000),Tehran-IRAN}, abstract ={Background & Aim: The importance of school screening for scoliosis and trunk asymmetries has now become admitted in many countries.In Iran,only afew limited studies about this subject are presented.The aim of current study was evaluation of scoliosis and some trunk asymmetries in high school students.  Subjects & Methods: During 1998-2000,a total of 2075 students (1160 girls,915 boys) aged 13 to 20 years (15.19±1.1)were examined randomizly.For each person,after collection of demographic information,we questioned about dominant limb,familial history of scoliosis,back pain history,type of chair and desk (or bench)in school and at home.The physical examinations consisted of measurment of height,weight,sitting height ,evaluation for shoulder and pelvic summetries(by use of pelvic inclinometer) and round back.In addition lumbar lordosis measured by  use of flexible ruler.We marked spinal proces for assessing scoliosis.Forward bending test (Adam's)was used for differantiate between postural and structural scoliosis.  Findings:We found an overal 46.3% for trunk and spinal asymmetries.In details these results were obtained:shoulder asymmetry 17%,pelvic asymmetry 7.8%,structural idiopathic scoliosis 3.4%,postural scoliosis 4.9%,round back 13.2%.In addition,19.2% had a history of back pain.Mean of lumbar lordosis was 42.7 and 31.4 degrees in girls and boys respectively.Shoulder and pelvic asymmetries were seen in  scoliotic subjects(P=0.0001).Use of bench in comparison with personalized chair increased rate of scoliosis,round back and degree of lumbar lordosis(P<0.05).  Conclusion:According to results of the present study,we can concluded that attention to these points is very important for us:1-Regular school screening programmes for scoliosis and trunk asymmetries ,2-Use of standarized chaires and desks at schools,3-Training courses for prevention and correction of bad postures in students.   Key words :school screening,scoliosis,trunk asymmetry,tehran}, Keywords = {school screening,scoliosis,trunk asymmetry,tehran}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {260-268}, publisher = {Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-5431-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-5431-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3165}, eissn = {2008-7268}, year = {2003} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Frozen Section Efficiency in Determination of Thyroid Nodules}, abstract ={Background: This retrospective study was undertaken to assess frozen section accuracy in patients undergoing Thyroidectomy. Background: During thyroid operations, excised tissue studied via frozen section by a pathologist can differentiate benign lesions from a malignant ones and help guide the surgeon during the procedure. In recent decades the role of frozen section in defining the nature of thyroid nodules has been declining, being replaced by fine needle aspiration (FNA) despite the fact that in many cases the diagnosis may be missed.  In many instances frozen section may be more  reliable especially when experienced pathologists are not at hand or when preoperative FNAs are inconclusive or suspicious for malignancy. Materials and Methods: This retrospective study included 84 patients undergoing thyroidectomy In 5 years . There were 17 males and 67 females. Mean age was 36 years (ranging from 15 to 70 years). All patients had thyroid nodules and underwent thyroeidectomy at our medical center. Frozen sections from tissue samples excised during operation were evaluated for all patients. Results: According to histopathological exam, there were 12 (14.3%) thyroid cancers and 72(85.7%) benign thyroid diseases. Incidence of malignancy was 29.4 % in men and 10.4% in women. When compared with final pathology reports, frozen section reports were correct in 95.3%. There were two false negative and two false positive reports (4.7%). Sensitivity and specificity of this method were 83% and 98% respectively. Positive predictive value and negative predictive value were 83% and 98% respectively. Conclusions: Frozen section is a reliable and valuable method for surgeons involved in thyroid surgery and may be preferred over FNA when experienced pathologists are not at hand or when preoperative FNAs are inconclusive or suspicious for malignancy. Keywords : Frozen Section, Thyroid Nodules, Thyroidectomy, Thyroid Cancer.}, Keywords = {Frozen Section, Thyroid Nodules, Thyroidectomy, Thyroid Cancer}, volume = {2}, Number = {3}, pages = {269-274}, publisher = {Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-5432-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-5432-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3165}, eissn = {2008-7268}, year = {2003} }