@article{ author = {}, title = {Comparison of Prednisolone and Acyclovir Alone and in Combination in Bell’s Palsy Treatment}, abstract ={Background and Objective: Bell’s palsy is the most common type of seventh nerve palsy. Acyclovir has been recommended for treatment of the patients, since some evidences show that herpes virus has a role in this disease. Thus, this study was performed to determine the effect of acyclovir on Bell’s palsy and to compare it with typical treatment i.e, prednisolone. We also investigated whether combination therapy with these two agents can cause faster improvement and alleviate the complications of the disease. Materials and Methods: This study was a clinical trial and three groups of 26 patients suffering from Bell’s Palsy were included. The patients were randomely assigned to receive prednisolone, acyclovir, prednisolone – acyclovir and the data were analyzed by Kruskal – Wallis test, at the end point. Results: This study showed that improvement ratio in patients who received prednisolone, acyclovir, and prednisolone – acyclovir were 69.23%, 65.38% and 80.76%, respectively. Staistical analysis showed that in the patients received combined prednisolone – acyclovir, the course of treatment was shorter and the response to treatment was faster than the other groups. Conclusion: This study showed that combined prednisolone – acyclovir therapy is more effective and can cause a faster improvement in Bell’s palsy patients. Also in certain disease such as diabetes which prescription of prednisolone has limitations it is possible to use acyclovir as a substitution. Key words: Bell’s Palsy, Prednisolone, Acyclovir}, Keywords = {Bell’s Palsy, Prednisolone, Acyclovir}, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {131-136}, publisher = {Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-5398-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-5398-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3165}, eissn = {2008-7268}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Survey of the Status of Estrogen and Prolactin Receptors in Breast Cancer}, abstract ={Background and Objective: The existence of hormonal receptors in cancer cells is very important in various aspects. Survey of the status of estrogen receptors (ERs) in the evaluation of breast cancer cells is important due to their response to hormonal therapy. Many studies have been recently carried out on prolactin receptors (PRLRs) especially in breast cancer. The aim of the present study was survey of the status of ERs and PRLRs in breast cancer. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study 40 samples from breast cancer tumors were studied. Estrogen receptor was assessed by radio-ligand binding assay method. Free and total prolactin receptors were also measured using iodinated prolactin (125I-PRL). Magnesium chloride solution (3.5 M) was used to assay the total prolactin receptor. Results: Eighty five percent of tumor samples were ductal tubular carcinoma. In 62.5%, 45% and 62.5% of tumor samples ER, free PRLR and total PRLR were observed respectively. Forty Five percent of the tumor cells expressed both ER and total PRLR. A positive significant relation between ER and free PRLR was observed (p<0.05). There was also a significant relation (p<0.05) between ER and total PRLR. Twenty Percent of tumor cells expressed neither ER nor total PRLR. Conclusion: Since the existence of estrogen and prolactin receptors in breast tumor cells have been shown, application of antiestrogenic and antiprolactin drugs in the inhibition of these tumors growth are possibly of value. Key words: Breast Cancer, Estrogen Receptor, Prolactin Receptor, Hormone Therapy}, Keywords = {Breast Cancer, Estrogen Receptor, Prolactin Receptor, Hormone Therapy}, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {137-142}, publisher = {Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-5399-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-5399-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3165}, eissn = {2008-7268}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Mobasher, M. and Sahraei, H. and Sadeghi-Rad, B. and Kamalinejad, M. and Shams, J.}, title = {The Effects of Crocus sativus Extract on the Acquisition and Expression of Morphine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference in Mice}, abstract ={The Effects of Crocus sativus Extract on the Acquisition and Expression of Morphine-Induced Conditioned Place Preference in Mice M. Mobasher GP , H. Sahraei PhD , B. Sadeghi-Rad , M. Kamalinejad MSc , J. Shams MSc Received: 13/08/05 Sending for Revision: 16/01/06 Receiving Revised Manuscript: 25/09/06 Accepted: 03/10/06 Background and Objective : The effects of Crocus sativus (Saffron) on the euphoric properties of morphine have not yet been studied. In the present study, the effects of water extract of C. sativus stigma on the acquisition and expression of morphine-induced Conditioned Place Preference (CPP) in male N-MARI mice (weighted 20-25 g) were investigated. Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 136 male mice that were divided into 17 groups (n=8/group). In a pilot study, different doses of morphine (1, 2, 4 and 8 mg/kg) and C. sativus extract (10, 50 and 100 mg/kg) were injected to the animals, to evaluate the drugs ability in induction of place preference. In the second phase of the experiments, the extract of the C. sativus was administered during or after induction of morphine CPP. Then, CPP were tested in the animals. One-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) was performed for statistical procedure. Results: Administration of morphine (1, 2, 4 and 8 mg/kg), increased the required time in the compartment paired with morphine (i.e. CPP) that was significant (p<0.001) for those animals that received 4 and 8 mg/kg of morphine. Administration of the plant extract (50 mg/kg) also produced a significant CPP (p<0.01) compared with control group. Injection of the same dose of the extract before morphine (8 mg/kg) administration, caused a decrease in the time spent in drug-paired side only in dose of 100 mg/kg of the extract (p<0.05). In addition, injection of the plant extract in the test days to the animals, which reveived morphine (8 mg/kg) in the conditioning days, enhanced the expression of morphine CPP in the animals, that was statisticaly significant for the extract at the concentration of 50 mg/kg (p<0.05). Conclusion: It could be concluded that injection of the extract of C. sativus can inhibit the acquisition but enhanced the expression of morphine-induced CPP. In addition, the extract can produce CPP by itself. Key words: Morphine, Conditioned Place Preference, Mice, Saffron Extract}, Keywords = {Morphine, Conditioned Place Preference, Mice, Saffron Extract}, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {143-150}, publisher = {Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-189-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-189-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3165}, eissn = {2008-7268}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Status of Inheritance Pattern of Blindness in Blind People Supported by Yazd Province’s Welfare Organization}, abstract ={Background and Objective: It is estimated that 148 million people worldwide, the vast majority of them in developing countries, are suffering from blindness or severe visual disorders. Understanding of the different kinds of blindness epidemiology and its inheritance pattern, genetic counseling and prenatal diagnosis are important factors in prevention and treatment of blindness. This survey was designed based on the above facts. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was done on 109 blind people. The individuals were interviewed based on standard genetic counseling procedure. Blood samples were collected from the cases with inheritance pattern and then stored in a DNA bank. The data were analyzed by using SPSS software and χ2 test. Results: From the total of 109 individuals, 73 were male (67%) and 36 were female (33%). More than half of them (53.2%) were detectable in patients aged less than one year old. The most common cause of blindness and low vision was retinitis pigmentosa in 35 cases (32.1%) followed by globe dysgenesis in 18 cases (16.5%). Consanguinity in different degrees and a positive familial history of blindness were detected in 76 and 66 patients respectively. There was no genetic pattern in ten pedigrees. In the rest, the genetic patterns were as follows; 6.4% autosomal dominant, 33.9% autosomal recessive, and 11.1% X-linked recessive. In total the inheritance pattern was detected in 56 familial pedigrees which suggested single gene disorder with the relative frequency of 51.4% in the studied population. Conclusion: This study may help physicians and genetic counselors to understand the importance of genetic inheritance in blindness and low vision. In addition, we believe our findings will possibly shed a new light on the future plans involving diagnosis and prevention of visual blindness. Key words: Blindness, Genetic Counseling, Inheritance Pattern, Blind}, Keywords = {Blindness, Genetic Counseling, Inheritance Pattern, Blind}, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {151-160}, publisher = {Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-5400-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-5400-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3165}, eissn = {2008-7268}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Negahban, T. and AnsariJaberi, A. and Kazemi, M.}, title = {Preference Method of Delivery and It\'s Relevant Causes in View of Pregnant Women Referring to Public and Private Clinics in Rafsanjan City}, abstract ={Preference Method of Delivery and It's Relevant Causes in View of Pregnant Women Referring to Public and Private Clinics in Rafsanjan City T. Negahban MSc , A. Ansari Jaberi MSc , M. Kazemi MSc Received: 06/02/06 Sending for Revision: 28/06/06 Receiving Revised Manuscript: 18/10/06 Accepted: 12/11/06 Background and Objective: While it's widely accepted that vaginal delivery is the best method of parturition, in most countries the cesarean rate has been growing over the past decades and in most cases it's performed only based on the women demand. Finding the reasons of women’s tendency toward cesarean may help to diminsh the rate of this delivery method. Therefor in the present study we tried to investigate the preference method of delivery and its relevant causes in view of pregnant women referring to public and private clinics in Rafsanjan. Material and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 256 pregnant women were continuously interviewed and their method of choice for delivery and their reasons were also investigated using a qustionnaire. Data were analyzed by t test, one way Analysis of Variance and χ2 test. Results: The results showed that 31.25% and 68.75% of the participants choose Cesarean Section (C/S) and Normal Vaginal Delivery (NVD) respectively as a method of choice for parturition. 52.6% of those who have chosen C/S, believed that NVD is a painful and stressful method which cannot be tolerated whereas 42% of the second group believed C/S could be a high-risk and invasive method. Of the knowledge qustions, 45.5% were correctly answered by the participants. Conclusion: The most important reasons for choosing C/S among the participants were fear of severe pain during vaginal delivery and lack of knowledge about the complications of cesarean. In addition, it should be important for the health – policy makers to develop an awareness concerning the C/S complications and the advantages of NVD. Applying of pharmaceutical and non – pharmaceutial pain-relief methods may also change the attitude of women in favour of NVD. Key words: Pregnant Women, Attitude, Preference Method}, Keywords = {Pregnant Women, Attitude, Preference Method}, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {161-168}, publisher = {Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-191-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-191-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3165}, eissn = {2008-7268}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Malekouti, M. and Dehbooreh, Z. and ManiKashani, Kh. and Heshmatian, B.}, title = {Relation Between Fasting During Follicular Phase of Last Menstrual Period (LMP) and Newborn\'s Gender}, abstract ={Relation Between Fasting During Follicular Phase of Last Menstrual Period (LMP) and Newborn's Gender SM. Malekouti PhD , Z. Dehbooreh GP , Kh. Mani Kashani MSc , B. Heshmatian BSc Received: 11/07/05 Sending for Revision: 19/10/05 Receiving Revised Manuscript: 05/09/06 Accepted: 13/09/06 Background and Objective: Fasting which is a fairly long period of hungry (about 15 hours), causes metabolic changes in human. The meal program is changed during the fasting, so the level of hormonal secretion and electrolytes will be alterd. These changes could possibly affect the gender of newborns that were born from fasting mothers. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, the questionair were filled in by mothers who delivered their babies from July 27th to September 11th 2004 in Hamadan Fatamieh Hospital. The pregnancy of these mothers were concurrent with the last Ramadhan month. The sex of neonates delivered by 196 mothers who were fasted for at least ten days and their follicular phase of Last Menstrual Period (LMP) corresponded with last Ramadhan month was compared with 175 mothers who did not fast as control group. The data analysed by χ2 test and p<0.05 considered as a significant difference. Results: The results showed that the sex ratio in the newborns of fasted mothers with the mean age of 23.275.06 years was in favor of boys (156 cases, 78.6%), which was significantly (p<0.0001) more than the control group with the mean age of (23.57±4.93 years) (80 cases 45.7%). Conclusion: Fasting in the follicular phase of LMP, could possibly change the sex ratio of newborns in favor of boys. Further investigations in different geographical places focussing on race and diet especially during the Ramadhan month are warranted. Key words: Infant Sexuality, Fasting of Mother, Intercourse, Last Menstrual Period}, Keywords = {Infant Sexuality, Fasting of Mother, Intercourse, Last Menstrual Period}, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {169-174}, publisher = {Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-192-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-192-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3165}, eissn = {2008-7268}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {AtashzadehShoorideh, F.}, title = {Frequency of Gestational Diabetes and Its Related Factors in Pregnant Women in Prenatal Clinics of Educational Hospitals, in Tehran (Oct 2000-March 2002)}, abstract ={Frequency of Gestational Diabetes and Its Related Factors in Pregnant Women in Prenatal Clinics of Educational Hospitals, in Tehran (Oct 2000-March 2002) F. Atashzadeh Shoorideh MSc Received: 04/10/05 Sending for Revision: 13/05/06 Receiving Revised Manuscript: 16/08/06 Accepted: 28/08/06 Background and Objective: Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a metabolic disorder of carbohydrates which is first diagnosed during pregnancy. It could remain undetected without screening tests therefore, lead to severe effects on both mother and fetus. The aim of this study was to estimate the frequncy of GDM and some of its related factors in pregnant women who referred to the obstetrical clinics of educational Hospitals in Tehran from October 2000 to March 2002. Materials and Methods: In this cross- sectional study (during 18 months from Oct 2000 to March 2002) 2221 pregnant women were evaluated regarding medical history, risk factors for GDM, and physical examination. Fasting blood sugar (FBS) oral glucose challenge test (OGCT) and taking 50gr glucose were performed. The cut off point of screening tests was 130mg/dl glucose. All cases with positive screening tests underwent for three hours, OGTT with 100gr glucose. Results: The frequency of GDM in our study was 4.8% (CI 95%, 3.9-5.7%) according to the Carpenter Coustan criteria. The mean age of GDM group (27.445.85 years) was significantly higher than non GDM group (25.955.5 years). The mean of body mass index (BMI) were significantly higher in the GDM group, compared to the non GDM group (p<0.05). The three risk factors of age ≥25 years (p<0.01), history of familial diabetes (χ2=27.125) and BMI≥27Kg/m2 were correlated with GDM (p<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results of this study, it seems that the frequency of GDM is relatively high and screening of all pregnant women for GDM, regardless of the risk factors for GDM or clinical manifestations of diabetes, is necessary. Key words: Frequency, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Risk Factors}, Keywords = {Frequency, Gestational Diabetes Mellitus, Risk Factors}, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {175-180}, publisher = {Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-193-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-193-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3165}, eissn = {2008-7268}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {Saffari, M. and Taghizadeh, M. and Pourbabaee, M.}, title = {Study of the Effects of Different Kinds of Honeys on the Growth of Standard Strain of Pseudomonas aeroginosa (in vitro)}, abstract ={Study of the Effects of Different Kinds of Honeys on the Growth of Standard Strain of Pseudomonas aeroginosa (in vitro) M. Saffari PhD , M. Taghizadeh PhD , M. Pourbabaee BSc Received: 01/01/06 Sending for Revision: 24/06/06 Receiving Revised Manuscript:06/09/06 Accepted: 19/09/06 Background and Objective: Pseudomonas aeroginosa is a gram negative bacterium which is found in the intestinal tract and skin as normal flora. It can cause opportunistic infections, contaminated wounds especially burn lesions, and is resistant to many antibiotics. Many studies support the use of honey for these infections. The aim of this study was to investigate the possible bactericidal effects of different kinds of honey, on P. aeroginosa, in Kashan . Materials and Methods: This was a labaratory study. Eight out of 15 honey samples were selected and their reducing sugars, saccharose were quantified, also Diastase enzyme activity was determined. The included specimens were then classified to natural (6 specimens), synthetic unnatural (2 specimens) and a sample prepared by sugar, and two by heat-inactivated natural honeys. Different concentration (V/V) containing 5, 10, 15, 20, 25, 30 percent of honeys were added in the Muller Hinton agar and P. aeroginosa (ATCC=27853) were then cultured. Results: The results showed that natural honeys at the concentration of 10%, had bactricidal effects on the growth of P.aeroginosa. The synthetic honeys did not show this effect. but heating process reduced bactricidal properties of the honeys. Conclusion: We concluded that natural honeys can be used for the treatment of infectious wounds especially in burns, and superficial lesion. In vivo studies are also warranted to confirm the bactericidal effects of honey. Key words: Diastase, Wounds, Burns, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Honeys}, Keywords = {Diastase, Wounds, Burns, Pseudomonas aeroginosa, Honeys}, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {181-186}, publisher = {Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-194-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-194-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3165}, eissn = {2008-7268}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {}, title = {The Chest X-Ray Findings of Tuberculosis Patients}, abstract ={Background and Objective: Pulmonary tuberculosis is common and lower lung field tuberculosis is an atypical presentation of pulmonary tuberculosis, which often causes confusion in diagnosis. Its incidence has been increased worldwide with more cases of AIDS. This study was designed to identify the prevalence of pulmonary tuberculosis, in different clinical conditions, its common clinical and radiological presentations, Asid Fast Bacilli (AFB) status, and the outcome of treatment. Materials and Methods: This is a cross- sectional study. All pulmonary tuberculosis patients referred to Nikoopoor clinic (YAZD) were included in the study (217 patients) for routine evaluation, especially, sputum for AFB, blood sugar, HIV testing, and CXR investigations. Results: From 217 patients, 19.81% had lower lung field tuberculosis. Female patients 21.8%  were affected more than male 17.75%, 41.86% aged >60 years. Unilateral involvement was more common (52%) and the right side was more frequently affected (60%). Consolidation (47%) and cavitations (26%) were the main radiological findings. Conclusion: Lower lung field tuberculosis is fairly common in Yazd (central region of Iran). Its clinical presentation is similar to classical upper lung field tuberculosis and short course chemotherapy has equall effect as similar as standard therapy. Key words: Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Lower Lung Field, Radiography}, Keywords = {Pulmonary Tuberculosis, Lower Lung Field, Radiography}, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {187-192}, publisher = {Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-5401-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-5401-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3165}, eissn = {2008-7268}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Relationship Between Balance and Independence in Activities of Daily Living Post-Stroke Hemiplegic Patients Referred to Occupational Therapy Centers of Tehran in 2002}, abstract ={Background and Objective: The capability of balance preservation in activities of daily living (ADL) is of paramount important. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between balance disorders and independence in ADL of patients, 6-24 months after their stroke in Tehran. Materials and Methods: This was a cross-sectional study. Forty Five stroke patients attending occupational therapy clinics in Tehran over a 7 months period, who met the inclusion criteria, were selected using simple randomization. The subjects were evaluated for performance of ADL by Barthel Index and for balance by Berg Balance scale. The data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: There was a significant relationship between balance and independence in ADL (p<0.05). However, there was no significant relationship between balance in sitting position and independence in ADL. Conclusion: The results show a correlation between balance and independence in ADL. Improvement of these factors especially dynamic balance, may improve independence and the quality of life in hemiplegic patients. Key words: Stroke, Activities of Daily Living, Balance}, Keywords = {Stroke, Activities of Daily Living, Balance}, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {193-200}, publisher = {Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-5402-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-5402-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3165}, eissn = {2008-7268}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Frequency of the Accidents in Children Under 15 Years Old Referring to the Emergency Center of Ali Ebn Abitaleb Hospital in Rafsanjan 2000-2001}, abstract ={Background and Objective: Nowadays, accidents and injuries are the main community health problems and are also the most important cause of children death worldwide including in our country (Iran). To prevent these accidents from occuring an epidemiological investigation concerning the type of accident and its relevant risk factors including personal characters, time and place condiotions are warranted which were the goal of this study. Materials and Methods: This research was a cross-sectional study that performed on all children under 15 years  old during a period of one year referring to the emergency ward of Ali Ebn Abitaleb Hospital in Rafsanjan from January 13th of 2000 to January 13th 2001. The patients accompaniers were interviewed using a questionnaire and the data were then analyzed by SPSS software and descriptive statistical method. Results: The results showed that, 69.6% of injured children were male and most of them  (71.6%) were living in the urban areas of Rafsanjan. More than half of the accidents (58.8%) occurred outdoor and most of the victims 45.5% were more than 7 years old. The higher frequencies caused by fall (34.1%), and collision (26.7%) and the smallest ones by animals (0.7%). Conclusion: Since in cases of accidents children are especially vulnerable any prevention programs should be based on teachers training and also on childhood education programs with strong parent involvement. Key words: Frequency, Accidents, Children}, Keywords = {Frequency, Accidents, Children}, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {201-208}, publisher = {Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-5404-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-5404-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3165}, eissn = {2008-7268}, year = {2006} } @article{ author = {}, title = {Evaluation and Comparison of Zanjan Universities Female Students Leisure Activities: the Role of Sport and Physical Education}, abstract ={Background and Objective: In our country (Iran), despite popular tendency to participate in sport programs, the role of sport in students leisure has been diminished. Thus, the purpose of this investigation was to evaluate and comparison of Zanjan Universities female studentsُ leisure with an emphasis on sport and physical activities. Materials and Methods: This study is a cross-sectional study. The statistical universe was 6284 fellows of Zanjan Universities female students (Medical Science, Azad & Melli Universities) which 384 students were randomly selected as statistical sample. A researcher-made questionnaire was used to collecting data. The validity of the questionnaire assessed using Cronbakh's alpha method (ra = 0.79). The data were analysed using descriptive (mean, frequency, correlation coefficient) and inferential (Kruskal – Wallis test) methods. Results: According to the findings, among leisure activities, listening to music, TV watching, and being with friends, ranked first to third and exercise was located in the tenth rank, but exersise was ranked third among the leisure interests. Moreover, evaluation of variables relationship in the present study showed; ways of spending spare time including religious activities, visiting their relatives, singing and playing musical instruments, video watching, touring and pilgrimage, walking and sightseeing, and being with friends, were significantly different (p<0.05) among Zanjan Universities students. Conclusion: Sedentary activities such as TV watching have allocated a major share of studentsُ  leisure. Although in their leisure activities, exercise does not have a considerable position. The observed differs among studentsُ leisure activities can be attributed to their social and cultural differences, students' interests' differs among Universitiesُ facilities and leisure programs. Key words: Leisure, Time, University Sport, Female Students, Physical Education}, Keywords = {Leisure, Time, University Sport, Female Students, Physical Education}, volume = {5}, Number = {3}, pages = {209-216}, publisher = {Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, url = {http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-5405-en.html}, eprint = {http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-5405-en.pdf}, journal = {Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences}, issn = {1735-3165}, eissn = {2008-7268}, year = {2006} }