Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
1735-3165
13
11
2015
3
1
How to protect young researchers from research misconduct
1019
1020
FA
M.
Rezaeian
سخن سردبیر
Editorial
مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان
دوره 13، بهمن 1393، 1020-1019
چگونه می توان پژوهشگران جوان را از سوء
رفتارهای پژوهشی حفظ نمود
How
to protect young researchers from research misconduct
محسن رضائیان[1]
M. Rezaeian
در سخن سردبیری شماره قبل مجله دانشگاه ]1[، با انواع سوء
رفتارهای پژوهشی و طبقهبندی آنها به تقلبهای پژوهشی و رفتارهای پژوهشی ابهام
برانگیز آشنا شدیم. در سخن سردبیری حاضر به بیان راهکارهای عملی خواهیم پرداخت که
موجب حفظ پژوهشگران جوان از ارتکاب به چنین سوء رفتارهای پژوهشی می شود ]3-2[.
یکی از مهمترین راه کارهای عملی، استفاده از اساتید راهنما و مشاور مجرب میباشد.
از آنجایی که این امکان وجود دارد تا پژوهشگران جوان بدون قصد مرتکب سوء رفتارهای
پژوهشی گردند، از همین رو، راهنمایی و مشاوره آنها توسط اساتیدی که با تأثیرات
مخرب سوء رفتارهای پژوهشی آشنایی کامل دارند، ضروری است. اساتید راهنما و مشاور،
باید دانشجویان را با رفتارهای صحیح پژوهشی آشنا نموده و آنها را از ارتکاب به هر
گونه سوء رفتارهای پژوهشی باز دارند.
همچنین، تهیه و تدوین یک طرح پژوهشی علمی و صحیح برای انجام هر گونه پژوهشی
توسط پژوهشگران جوان باید مورد توجه ویژه قرار گیرد. انجام کافی مروری بر متون
پژوهشگران جوان را از دوباره کاری و ارتکاب به سوء رفتار پژوهشی باز میدارد. به
علاوه، تصویب طرح پژوهشی در کمیته اخلاق دانشگاه محل تحصیل یا محل کار پژوهشگران
جوان، راه کار عملیاتی مناسب دیگری برای حفظ پژوهشگران جوان از ارتکاب به سوء
رفتارهای پژوهشی خواهد بود.
پژوهشگران جوان باید آموزش کافی ببینند تا تمامی دادههای خود را در محلی امن
نگهداری کرده و آنها را برای مدت زمان لازم حتی بعد از چاپ نتایج حاصل از پژوهش
خود نیر نگه دارند. آنها همچنین باید آموزش ببینند که تمامی نتایج پژوهش خود را
در قالب یک مقاله کامل به چاپ برسانند و از سوء رفتارهای پژوهشی نظیر چاپ مجدد،
چاپ مضاعف و انتشار سلامی یافتهها خودداری نمایند. همچنین، وجود یک مشاور آمار
زبده در کنار پژوهشگران جوان نیز میتواند عامل بسیار مهمی در حفظ آنها از سوء
رفتارهای پژوهشی به حساب آید.
References
[1] Rezaeian M.
Classification of Research Misconducts. J
RafsanjanUniv Med Sci 2015
13(10): 923-4. [Farsi]
[2] Rezaeian M. A review
on the diverse types of research misconduct. Middle East J Family Med
2014 12(7) :43-4.
[3] Gilbert FJ. Denison
AR. Research misconduct. Clinical Radiology 2003 58: 499-504.
[1]- استاد گروه
آموزشی پزشکی اجتماعی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان
تلفن: 34264003-034،
دورنگار: 34255209-034، پست الکترونیکی: moeygmr2@yahoo.co.uk
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
1735-3165
13
11
2015
3
1
Assessment of Sleep Pattern among Hospitals’ Nurses of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences in 2011
1021
1032
FA
H.
Ansari
Zahedan University of Medical Sciences
M.
Noroozi
Shahid beheshti University of Medical Sciences
F.
Rezaei
Jahrom University of Medical Sciences
N.
Barkhordar
Background and Objective: There is significant relationship between sleep quality and quality of the duty services
among nurses. Since the nurses are the most prominent groups in providing
health care for patients, so they should enjoy themselves high quality of life
and sleep. The purpose of this study is to
assess the sleep pattern and related factors among hospitals’ nurses of Zahedan University of
Medical Sciences.
Materials
and Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out on 300 individuals
got a bachelor's degree in nursing that have been employed in hospitals of
Zahedan University of Medical Sciences. The data were collected using
unstructured information form, Pittsburgh sleep quality index and Epworth
sleepiness scale. Data analysis was done with descriptive and
t-independent, ANOVA, Pearson correlation and logistic Regression test.
Results: About
22.1 % of the participants were men. Mean and standard deviation of age and history of
job were 31.63±6.61 and 7.55±6.79, respectively. This study showed that the sleep
quality were suitable in only 51(17%) nurses. However, only 32.6% of nurses had
sleepiness. The quality of life were high among only 32(10.7%) of nurses. In
univariate analysis, the sleep quality was related with the sex, age, monthly
income, marital status, working shift pattern, history of work error and type
of insurance and the sleepiness was related to marital status and history of
work error (p<0.05).Multiple logistic regression showed that only marital
status, age and working shift pattern affect both sleep quality and sleepiness.
Conclusion: Findings showed that sleep quality is not suitable among
nurses. Regarding the importance of sleep quality among nurses, it is recommended,
recruiting more nurses and reducing the duration of working shift and increasing
the number of nurses in each working shift.
Key words: Sleep pattern, Nurses, sleep quality
Funding:
This research was funded by Research Committee of Zahedan
University of Medical Sciences.
Conflict
of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Zahedan University of Medical Sciences
approved the study.
How to cite this
article: Ansari H, Norozi M, Rezaei F, Barkhordar N. Assessment
of Sleep Pattern among Hospitals’ Nurses of Zahedan University of Medical
Sciences in 2011. J RafsanjanUniv Med Sci 2015 13(11): 1021-32. [Farsi]
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
1735-3165
13
11
2015
3
1
Investigation of Water Quality Health Indicators of the Swimming Pools in Urmia in 2013
1033
1048
FA
M.A.
Zazouli
Y.
Mahdavi
M.
Moradi Golrokhi
D.
Balarak
Background and Objective: Contamination
of swimming pools’ water can lead to the transfer of different diseases
to humans. The aim
of this study was to investigate the water quality health indicators in Urmia
swimming pools.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 14 active covered swimming
pools in Urmia city were chosen as census. The physical parameters
such as pH, temperature, turbidity and chemical ones such as residual chlorine,
hardness, alkalinity and microbial parameters such as heterotrophic bacteria,
Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Streptococcus and fecal and
total coliforms were studied. Sampling has been
conducted every weak for 6 months and
they were analyzed under standard procedures. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics.
Results: In this research, free residual
chlorine in %67, turbidity in %89.9, amount of pH in %83.8 and temperature in
%76.2 of the samples were desirable. In none of the pools, fecal coliform,
fecal streptococcus and staphylococcus aureus were
above the threshold levels. The populations of heterotrophic bacteria,
Staphylococcus aureus, and Pseudomonas aeruginosa in %69.96, %98.8, %85.1 of
the samples were desirable, respectively. Statistical analysis indicated that
there is a direct relationship between water turbidity and the population of
bacteria and reverse relationship between the residual chlorine and the studied organisms(r=-0.595, p<0.005)
Conclusion: According to the results,
complete compliance of the pools to the standards was fairly poor. It is also
important to maintain the proper level of free residual chlorine and pH in the
swimming pools to ensure safety of the water quality.
Key words: Swimming pool water, Microbial
quality, Physical quality, Chemical quality
Funding: This research
was funded by Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Mazandaran University of Medical Sciences approved
the study.
How to cite this
article: Zazouli
MA, Mahdavi Y,
Moradi Golrokhi M, Balarak D. Investigation of Water Quality Health Indicators of
the Swimming Pools in Urmia in 2013. J
RafsanjanUniv Med Sci 2015 13(11): 1033-48. [Farsi]
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
1735-3165
13
11
2015
3
1
Relationship between Deterministic Thinking and Self-Compassion among Master Students in Isfahan University (2013-2014)
1049
1060
FA
M.
Ghezelseflo
L.
Mirahmadi
R.
Jazayeri
Background and Objective: The studies showed that cognitive distortions
have negative effect on self compassion. The aim of this study was to examine
the relationships between self-compassion and deterministic thinking.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was performed on 207
graduate students of Isfahan University. In this study, the self-compassion
scale and the deterministic thinking questionnaires were used as the research
device. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and multiple
linear regressions.
Results: The results of this
study showed that there is a negative relationship between self-kindness,
common humanity, and mindfulness subscales and all deterministic thinking
subscales (total deterministic thinking, deterministic thinking in
interactions, philosophic absolute thinking, deterministic thinking in future predicting
and negative events and self-judgement, isolation, and over-identification
factors of self-compassion have positive correlation to all deterministic
thinking subscales. Also, the multiple linear regression results showed that
deterministic thinking subscales
up to %27 and total deterministic thinking up to %22 affect on explaining
self-compassion.
Conclusion: The results showed that the higher level of
deterministic thinking cause the lower self-compassion and deterministic
thinking cognitive distortion should be amended for increasing self-compassion.
Key words: Deterministic
thinking, Self-compassion, Students
Funding: This study was
funded by Isfahan University.
Conflict of interest:
None declared.
Ethical approval: The
Ethics Committee of Isfahan University approved the study.
How to cite this
article: Ghezelseflo M, Mirahmadi
L, Jazayeri R. Relationship between Deterministic Thinking and Self-Compassion among
Master Students in Isfahan University (2013-2014). J RafsanjanUniv Med Sci 2015 13(11): 1049-60. [Farsi]
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
1735-3165
13
11
2015
3
1
The Applied of Health Belief Model in Knowledge, Attitude and Practice in People Referred for Diabetes Screening Program: An Educational Trial
1061
1072
FA
R.
Sadeghi
Kerman University of Medical Sciences
M.
Rezaeian
Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
N.
Khanjani
Kerman University of Medical Sciences
A.
Iranpour
Kerman University of Medical Sciences
Background and Objective: Diabetes
is a chronic disease capable of causing serious complications affecting the
circulatory and nervous systems, kidneys, eyes, and feet, and is associated
with high rates of morbidity and mortality. Given the enormous economic and
social burdens of diabetes, screening is performed in health care service
centers.. This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the Health
Belief Model (HBM) on, Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of people
over 30 years old referred for diabetes screenings.
Materials and Methods: This research was an educational
trial study. Eighty people over 30 years old attending
health centers in Sirjan town, were selected to participate in this study (40
in intervention group and 40 in control group). The intervention was conducted
over two sessions in 60 minutes. Data were collected by a validated and
reliable questionnaire (64 questions) before intervention and three months
after that. Data was analyzed by chi-square, fisher's exact, paired t and
independent t-tests.
Results: After
intervention, knowledge scores significantly increased in both intervention and
control groups, which were probably due to the routine education program in
that center. But significant increase in attitude and practice was only observed in the intervention group. Also perceived benefits, perceived
barriers and cues to action significantly increased in the intervention group
compared to the control group (p<0.001). But, there was not any significant
difference in the control group.
Conclusion: The Health Belief Model was
effective in educating the people over 30 years old.
Therefore, it is proposed traditional training methods along with the Health
Belief Model in training people over 30 years old.
Key words: Diabetes, Health Belief Model, Knowledge,
Attitude, Practice
Funding:
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical
approval:The Ethics
Committee of Kerman University of Medical Sciences approved the study.
How to cite this
article: Sadeghi R, Rezaeian M, Khanjani
N, Iranpour A.
The Applied of Health Belief Model in
Knowledge, Attitudes and Practice in People
Referred for Diabetes Screening
Program: An Educational trial. J
RafsanjanUniv Med Sci 2015 13(11): 1061-72. [Farsi]
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
1735-3165
13
11
2015
3
1
Estimation of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Deaths Related to Ozone Exposure in Ahvaz, During 2011
1073
1082
FA
S.
Geravandi
A.K.
Neisi
G.
Goudarzi
M.
Vousoghi Niri
M.J.
Mohammadi
Background and Objective: The human environment is very sensitive and fragile. In recent
years the rate of pollutants has been increasing. Ahvaz city (located in
South-West of Iran) with a population of 1,000,000 persons is one of the seven
polluted Iranian metropolises. So, the aim of current study was to estimate the
number of respiratory and cardiovascular deaths related to ozone exposure in
Ahvaz, during 2011.
Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we used
exposure metrics of ozone for estimation health effects on Ahvaz citizens. Collected
data was processed by Excel software (through correcting temperature and
pressure, coding, averaging and filtering). Finally, estimation of health
effects attributed to ozone air pollution by Air Q model.
Results: Findings showed that the number of cardiovascular deaths resulted from ozone exposure was estimated to be 142 persons per year. 67% of
these cases have been occurred in days with ozone levels not exceeding 120 μg/m3. Based on the results of
this study, 49 persons
were estimated as respiratory deaths within one year of exposure. 80 %of these
cases have been occurred in days with ozone levels not exceeding 140 μg/m3.
Conclusion: We need to extend epidemiologic study for calculating relative
risks, attributable proportion and baseline incidence until using data for estimating
health effects on humans. The use of emission reduction scenarios such as
emission reductions by industries and vehicles can step forward to have
environment free of contaminants.
Key words: Ozone, Cardiovascular deaths, Respiratory
deaths
Funding: This research was personally funded.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical
Sciences approved the study.
How to cite this
article: Geravandi
S, Neisi AK, Goudarzi G, Vousoghi Niri M, Mohammadi MJ. Estimation of
Cardiovascular and Respiratory Deaths Related to Ozone Exposure in Ahvaz,
During 2011. J RafsanjanUniv Med Sci 2015 13(11): 1073-82. [Farsi]
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
1735-3165
13
11
2015
3
1
Investigation of the Complex Culture Medium Composition for Improved Production of ONTAK Immunotoxin by Recombinant Escherichia Coli
1083
1090
FA
M.
Heydari
Malek Ashtar University
S.M.
Robatjazi
Malek Ashtar University
M.
Zeinoddini
Malek Ashtar University
Background
and Objective: In recent years, the biological methods have been considered as a
most promising candidate for the cancer treatment. One of the most applicable
methods is recombinant proteins. ONTAK immunotoxin is a special drug for cancer
therapy of leukemia, lymphoma and melanoma. With respect to the dramatic growth
of cancer in today's society, production of recombinant protein drugs seems to
be necessary. In this research, optimization of complex culture medium for the
expression of ONTAK recombinant has been studied.
Materials
and Methods:
In this experimental study, various concentrations of IPTG (Isopropyl
Thiogalactopyranoside) were used as an inductor and the medium components and induction
time optimized for expression of ONTAK immunotoxin. The cell concentration was
measured by optical density at 600 nm and the protein expression levels were analyzed
by SDS-PAGE gel.
Results: The modified complex culture medium containing:
glucose 6 g/l K2HPO4 12.5 g/l KH2PO4
2.3 g/l Yeast Extract 20 g/l Tryptone 10 g/l were determined as optimal
medium. OD600nm=3.0 was determined as the best time for induction by
IPTG at a concentration of 0.1mM. The maximum amount of the expression of the
target protein was determined at OD600nm=5.5.
Conclusion:
The adding of
additive carbon source (glucose) to the complex medium was caused a better ONTAK immunotoxin
expression as
compared with the amount of expression observed in LB medium.
The amount of produced biomass on the optimized medium increased over 3.5
times in comparison to LB medium.
Key words: ONTAK,
Complex culture medium, Optimization
Funding: This research was funded by
Malek Ashtar University of Technology.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Malek
Ashtar University of Technology.
How to cite this article: Heydari
M, Robatjazi SM, Zeinoddini M. Investigation of the Complex Culture Medium composition for Improved
Production of ONTAK Immunotoxin by Recombinant Escherichia Coli.
J RafsanjanUniv Med Sci 2015 13(11): 1083-90.
[Farsi]
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
1735-3165
13
11
2015
3
1
Evaluation of Toxicity Test on Infusible Platelet Membrane in Mice: A Short Report
1091
1096
FA
S.
Jafar-Gholizadeh
Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
S.
Nasiri
Blood Transfusion Research Center, High Institute for Research and Education in Transfusion Medicine, Tehran, Iran
E.
Mirabzadeh Ardakani
Pasteur Institute, Tehran University, Tehran, Iran
A.
Seyfkordi
Sharif University & Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran
Background
and Objective: Blood platelet units are generally
stored in blood banks for 3–5 days, afterwards they are discarded. Prepared infusible
platelet membrane (IPM) from fresh or outdated human platelets correct the prolonged bleeding times in thrombocytopenic animals such
as rabbits. Abnormal Toxicity is an European
Pharmacopoeia standard for assessment of biological products and the test
material is administered to the mice. In this study, abnormal toxicity of IPM
was evaluated in experimental animal model such as mice.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, infusible platelet
membrane (IPM) was prepared from outdated platelet concentrates. Platelet
concentrates were pooled, disrupted by freeze-thaw procedure, pasteurized for
20 hours to inactivate the possible viral or bacterial contaminants with a
sodium caprylate stabilizer, formulated by sucrose and human serum albumin and
finally lyophilized. We injected 0.5 ml of IPM (2 mg/kg) intravenously into
each 5 health mice, weighing 17-22 grams.
Results: According to the EU Pharmacopeia, the test will be passed if none of
animals die during 24 hours after injection. If more than one animal dies, the
preparation fails the test. If one of the animals just dies, the test is
repeated. In our experiment all five mice were alive.
Conclusion: In this research the results showed that IPM as a platelet substitute is
free of abnormal toxicity and safe and it may
be used in human clinical trial studies as a feasible approach to develop a
platelet substitute in the future. However, further studies are required to
confirm the different aspects of its safety as well.
Key words: Infusible Platelet Membrane, Platelet Substitute,
Toxicity
Funding: This research was funded by IBTO-Research Center.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Tehran. Azad University,
approved the study
How to cite this
article: Jafar-Gholizadeh S, Nasiri S, Mirabzadeh Ardakani E, Seyfkordi A.
Evaluation of Toxicity Test on Infusible Platelet Membrane in Mice: A Short
Report J RafsanjanUniv Med Sci 2015 13(11): 1091-6. [Farsi]
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
1735-3165
13
11
2015
3
1
Investigation of Vital Horoscope Indicators in Rural Health Medical Centers of Shiraz before and after the Implementation of Family Physician Plan during 2001-2012: A Short Report
1097
1102
FA
M.
Ghanbari Jahromi
shiraz
M.
Khammarnia
shiraz
R.
Sharifian
shiraz
A.
Kassani
shiraz
Background and Objective: Maternal and
childish health is one of the most important and critical issues that need
special attention. One of the goal of family physician plan is to improve the
vital horoscope indicator. This study has been investigated the vital horoscope
indicator in rural populations of Shiraz before and after family physician plan
during 2001-2012.
Materials and Methods: This
cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014. Data were colleced using standard
form and through census at health centers during 2001- 2012. Data were analyzed by descriptive
statistics and Wilcoxon
tests.
Results: The findings
showed that the highest mean of vital horoscope indicator after family physician
plan was General Fertility (5.98) and the lowest one was Total Fertility before
family physician plan (0.17). There was a meaningful
relationship between 4 indicators before and after family
physician plan (p<0.05). Indicators of Death of neonates
under 1 month, and infants under 1 year, percentage of infants under 1 year,
percentage of stillbirth from 2001 to 2012 decreased.
Conclusion: Family physician
plan is one of the effective programs in vital horoscope indicator, service
quality and health promotion. So along with correct implementation, constant
monitoring and increased awareness of this plan effective action can be taken to
improve the vital horoscope indicators.
Key words: Vital horoscope
indicator, Rural health indicator, Family physician plan
Funding: This research was funded
by Shiraz University of Medical Sciences.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences approved the
study.
How to cite this
article: Ghanbari
Jahromi M, Khammarnia M, Sharifian R, Kassani A. Investigation of Vital Horoscope
Indicators in Rural Health Medical Centers
of Shiraz before and after the Implementation of Family Physician Plan during
2001-2012: A Short Report. J RafsanjanUniv Med Sci 2015 13(11): 1097-1102.
[Farsi]