69 1735-3165 Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences 4120 Editorial To What Journal We Should Submit Our Manuscript? Rezaeian M. 1 1 2018 16 9 805 806 08 01 2018 08 01 2018 سخن سردبیر Editorial مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان دوره شانزدهم، آذر 1396، 806-805   به کدام مجله، مقاله خود را ارسال کنیم؟ To What Journal We Should Submit Our Manuscript?   محسن رضائیان[1]،[2]   یکی از سؤالات مهمی که محققین به هنگام نگارش مقاله خود با آن روبرو می‌شوند، این است که: " مقاله خود را به کدام مجله باید ارسال نمایند؟ [3-1]" برای پاسخگویی به این سؤال، بایستی نکات مهمی در نظر گرفته شوند که در این سخن سردبیری سعی می‌کنیم به برخی از آنها پاسخ دهیم. طبعاً برای پژوهشگران فارسی زبان، اولین نکته مهم این است که آنها مقاله خود را به چه زبانی نوشته‌اند؟ اگر به فارسی، پس باید در مجلات فارسی به دنبال نشریه مناسب بگردند و اگر مقاله به زبان انگلیسی نگارش شده است، نشریات انگلیسی زبان را باید مورد جستجو قرار دهند. نکته دومی که مطرح می‌شود این است که آیا آنها مایل هستند مقاله خود را در یک مجله تخصصی مربوط به رشته خود چاپ نمایند یا اینکه قصد دارند آن را در یک مجله عمومی به چاپ رسانند؟ بدیهی است چاپ مقاله در یک مجله تخصصی سبب خواهد شد که سایر همکاران با تخصص مشابه مقاله را مطالعه نمایند. انجام چنین کاری موجب می‌شود مقاله آنها بیشتر مورد مطالعه، استفاده و احیاناً استناد سایر همکاران قرار گیرد. در حالی که چاپ مقاله در یک مجله عمومی ممکن است به مطالعه و استناد آن توسط همکارانی که لزوماً هم تخصص آنها نیستند، بیانجامد. نکته سوم این است که کیفیت کار پژوهشی که مقاله از آن استخراج شده است چگونه می‌باشد؟ بدیهی است هرچه کیفیت کار بالاتر باشد، چاپ مقاله در مجلات با کیفیت بالاتر ممکن می‌گردد. برای شناخت کیفیت مجلات معمولاً می‌توان به محل نمایه شدن مجله (Indexing)، داشتن ضریب تأثیر (Impact factor) و مقدار آن، و همچنین مقدار اچ ایندکس (H Index) مجله اشاره کرد. بدیهی است مجلاتی که در نمایه‌های معتبر بین‌المللی نظیر Medline Scopus, و یا Web of Science نمایه می‌گردند و دارای ضریب تأثیر و اچ ایندکس بالاتر می‌باشند از کیفیت بالاتری نیز برخوردار هستند. البته هرچه کیفیت مجلات بالاتر باشد، میزان رد کردن مقالات (Rejection  rate) آنها نیز بالاتر است. برای برخی از مجلات این مقدار ممکن است به نود درصد برسد. یعنی از هر صد مقاله ارسالی، نود مقاله رد می‌شوند. بنابراین، چاپ مقالات در این مجلات کار بسیار دشواری خواهد بود اما موفقیت در این امر بسیار ارزشمند است. حال با در نظر گرفتن مسائل فوق اگر محقق مقاله‌ای به زبان انگلیسی تهیه کرده باشد، می‌تواند با جستجو در نمایه‌های معتبر بین‌المللی پیش گفته، به نشریات تخصصی و یا عمومی مرتبط با موضوع مقاله خود دست یابد. برای اینکار باید، جستجوی خود را در صورت اسامی مجلات نمایه شده انجام دهد. سپس با مراجعه به خدمات جانبی ارائه شده توسط Web of Science به مقدار ضریب تأثیر و یا با مراجعه به خدمات جانبی ارائه شده توسط Scopus به اچ ایندکس مجلات پی ببرد. محقق همچنین می‌تواند به وبگاه مجلات مشخص‌شده مراجعه نماید. در بررسی وبگاه این مجلات، علاوه بر مشخص شدن  ضریب تأثیر و یا اچ‌ایندکس، به نکات ارزشمند دیگری نیز نظیر: میزان رد کردن مقالات، تعداد شماره‌های منتشر شده در یکسال، تعداد مقالات منتشر شده در هر شماره و نکاتی از این قبیل دست خواهد یافت. برخی از مجلات معتبر حتی در سایت خود محلی برای نشان دادن مقالات پذیرفته شده‌ای که هنوز چاپ نشده‌اند دارند و یا اطلاعاتی در زمینه طول زمان داوری، پذیرش و یا چاپ مقاله ارائه می‌نمایند. نویسندگان مقالات با بررسی این نکات می‌توانند اطلاع کسب کنند که در صورت پذیرش، چقدر طول خواهد کشید که مقاله آنها به زیور طبع آراسته شود [6-4]. با همه اینها، راه حل ساده دیگری برای انتخاب مجله مناسب برای ارسال مقاله وجود دارد. این راه حل، بررسی منابع مقاله نگاشته شده می‌باشد. اگر محقق مروری بر متون کاملی انجام داده باشد و به مهم‌ترین مقالات مرتبط با موضوع مقاله خود استناد کرده باشد، آن هنگام متوجه خواهد شد که در فهرست منابع مقاله، اسم کدام مجلات به چشم می‌خورد و احیاناً نام کدام مجلات تکرار شده‌اند. این مجلات می‌توانند به عنوان مجله مورد نظر برای ارسال مقاله قلمداد گردند. البته اگر کیفیت مقاله همانند یا بهتر از مقالاتی باشد که در آن مجله به چاپ رسیده‌اند [3]. بنابراین، نویسنده می تواند با نگاه به منابع مقاله خود و با بررسی نمایه‌های معتبر بین‌المللی و با در نظر گرفتن سؤالاتی که در سطور پیشین به آنها اشاره گردید، فهرستی از مجلات معتبر را تهیه نموده و آنها را بر اساس سیر نزولی ضریب تاًثیر و یا اچ ایندکس مرتب کند. سپس، می‌تواند از بهترین نشریه که همان مجله شماره یک در فهرست است شروع کند. ضروری است که محقق دستورالعمل مجله مورد نظر را به دقت مورد توجه قرار دهد تا فقط به خاطر عدم توجه به دستورالعمل نویسندگان، مقاله وی رد نگردد. در صورتی که مقاله توسط نشریه مورد داوری قرار گرفته و نظرات داوران برای محقق ارسال گردد، ضروری است که وی با دقت تمام به نظرات داوران توجه کرده و تجدید نظر دقیقی در مقاله خود بر اساس نظر آنها به عمل آورد. همچنین، در صورتی که برخی از نظرات داوران قابل اعمال نمی‌باشد، ضروری است با نگارش نامه‌ای این نکته را برای سردبیر و داوران توضیح دهد. در صورتی که پس از بازنگری، مقاله مورد پذیرش قرار گرفت، محقق به پاداش زحمات خود رسیده است. در غیر اینصورت، باید پس از رعایت دستورالعمل دومین مجله از فهرست تهیه شده، مقاله رد شده را به آن مجله ارسال نموده و منتظر پاسخ آنها بماند [7]. در صورتی که مقاله عاری از خطای متدولوژیک باشد، بالأخره در نشریه مناسب خود چاپ خواهد شد. با این وجود، بسیار ضروری است که در فرآیند پیداکردن مجله مناسب برای مقاله محقق، نهایت دقت را به عمل آورد تا گرفتار مجلات یغماگر با دسترسی آزاد [8] و یا مجلات ربوده شده نگردد [9].   References   [1] Shokraneh F, Ilghami R, Masoomi R, Amanollahi A. How to select a journal to submit and publish your biomedical paper? Bioimpacts 2012; 2(1): 61-8. [2] Welch SJ. Selecting the right journal for your submission. J Thorac Dis 2012 1; 4(3): 336-8. [3] Rezaeian M. How to select a relevant journal to submit your article. Middle East J Business 2015; 10(1): 45-6. [4] Jalalpour S, Assar S, Ayoobi F, Rahmani M, Rezaeian M. Overview of the Most Prestigious Journals of Medical Microbiology, Spring 2014. JRUMS 2015; 13(10): 973-90. [5] Gorgi Z, Rezaeian M. A Review on Epidemiology Journals in 2016. JRUMS 2016; 15(7): 657-74. [6] Rahmani M, Ayoobi F, Assar S, Jalalpour S, Rezaeian M. A Review of the Most Prestigious Journals in Medical Physiology JRUMS 2017; 16(7): 661-82. [7] Rezaeian M. What Shall Do with a Rejected Manuscript? JRUMS 2013; 12(3): 173-4. [8] Rezaeian M. Predatory Open Access Journals. JRUMS 2017; 15(9): 807-8. [9] Rezaeian M. Hijacked Journals. JRUMS 2017; 15(12): 1093-4.   [1]- استاد گروه آموزشی اپیدمیولوژی و آمار زیستی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان، رفسنجان، ایران     تلفن: 31315123-034، دورنگار: 31315123-034، پست الکترونیکی: moeygmr2@yahoo.co.uk [2]- استاد مرکز تحقیقات محیط کار، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان، رفسنجان، ایران
3498 زیست شناسی Survey of Helicobacter Pylori lnT Gene Expression in HDF Cells by RT-PCR Method Rahmani-Piani R. c Doosti A. d c Department of Biology, Faculty of Basic Science, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran d Biotechnology Research Center, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University, Shahrekord, Iran 1 1 2018 16 9 807 818 08 10 2016 08 01 2018 Background and Objectives: Helicobacter pylori is a gram-negative and spiral bacterium that causes stomach and duodenal disease in humans. Because of the presence of disadvantages in antibiotic therapies, increasing efforts  have been made to produce effective vaccine for this infection. The aim of this study was to generate a construct   carrying the lnT gene and to survey its expression in human cells with RT-PCR method. Materials and Methods: In this laboratory study, lnT gene from the genome of Helicobacter pylori bacterial was isolated via polymerase chain reaction (PCR). Cloning of the PCR products was done by T/A cloning method in the appropriate T vector. Then, the lnT gene was subcloned into a pEGFP-C2 eukaryotic expression vector. To study the lnT gene expression, the final pEGFP-C2-lnT construct was transformed into human dermal fibroblasts (HDF) cells by electroporation and its expression was analyzed by RT-PCR. Results: The performance of the PCR resulted  in amplification of 1290 bp segment as to lnT gene. This gene was successfully cloned in pTZ vector and enzyme digestion and sequencing results showed lnT gene was subcloned in the expression vector and final construction of the pEGFP-C2-lnT was created. Gene expression analysis by RT-PCR showed the relevant band. Conclusion: Based on the obtained results, lnT gene cloned in the pEGFP-C2 eukaryotic expression vector has the ability to produce  the specific product of this gene in eukaryotic cells. Therefore, this gene construction has the required potential to evaluate the immunogenicity in an animal model as a gene vaccine against Helicobacter pylori. Key words: Helicobacter pylori, Cloning, lnT gene, RT-PCR   Funding: This research was funded by Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University. Conflict of interest: None declared. Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Department of Biology, Shahrekord Branch, Islamic Azad University approved the study (IR.IAUSHK.1395.5213).   How to cite this article: Rahmani-Piani R, Doosti A. Survey of Helicobacter Pylori lnT Gene Expression in HDF Cells by RT-PCR Method. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2017; 16(9): 807-18. [Farsi] 3863 Rehabilitation Comparing the Effects of Electroacupunture, Low Level Laser and Celecoxib Tablet on Treatment of the Knee Joint Osteoarthritis: A Randomized Single-Blinded Clinical Trial Shahimoridi D. e Mollahossini M. f Eghbali M. g Khajepour M. h Sheikh Fathollahi M. i e Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences f Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences g Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences h Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences i Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences 1 1 2018 16 9 819 834 15 06 2017 10 12 2017 Background and Objectives: Knee is affected by  osteoarthritis more than any other joints. The cause of this disease is degeneration changes that occur gradually. The aim of this study was to compare the effects of Electroacupunture (EA), Low Level Laser Therapy (LLLT) ,and Celecoxib Tablet (CT) on treatment of knee osteoarthritis. Materials and Methods: This randomized single-blinded clinical trial was performed in Fatemieh Physiotherapy Clinic of Rafsanjan during 2016-2017. Sixty patients conflicted to osteoarthritis of knee were randomly divided into three equal groups (each group with  20 samples) . The first, second ,and third groups received EA, LLLT .and CT, respectively during 10 sessions. Intensity of pain, movement, and the time of 6 Minute Walking Test (6MWT)were assessed during the first, fifth, and tenth sessions and 1 month after the end of treatments. Pain intensity, movements ,and the time of 6MWT were evaluated by Visual Analogue Scale (VAS), goniameter ,and chronometer, respectively. Data were analyzed using two-way repeated measures ANOVA followed by Tukey’s multiple comparisons test and chi-square test. Results: The findings showed that 10 sessions of EA was  more effective than LLLT and CT in reduction of pain in  knee osteoarthritis (p<0.001). Also in relation to knee joint movements, EA was more effective than LLLT and CT in  this joint (p<0.001). The finding of this study showed that EA was  more effective than LLLT and CT in increasing the  time of 6MWT (p<0.001). Conclusion: According to this study, it seems that during 10 sessions, EA might be more effective than LLLT and CT in reducing  pain, improving  movement ,and increasing the time of 6MWT inknee osteoarthritis. Key words: Electroacupunture, Low Level Laser, knee osteoarthritis, Celecoxib Tablet   Funding: This research was funded by Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. Conflict of interest: None declared. Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences approved this study.   How to cite this article: Shahimoridi D, Mollahossini M, Eghbali M, Khajepour M, Sheikh Fathollahi M. Comparing the Effects of Electroacupunture, Low Level Laser and Celecoxib Tablet on Treatment of the Knee Joint Osteoarthritis. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2017; 16(9): 819-34. [Farsi]   3745 تربیت بدنی The Effect of High Intensity Interval Training on Passive Avoidance Memory and Hippocampal Corticosterone Levels in Male Rats Abdolmaleki A. j Samavati Sharif M.A. k Alaei H. l j bu-ali sina university k bu-ali sina university l Isfahan University of Medical Sciences 1 1 2018 16 9 835 844 22 03 2017 03 12 2017 Background and Objectives: So far the effectiveness of high-intensity interval training on learning and memory has remained unknown. Therefore, we aimed to investigate the effect of high intensity interval training on hippocampal corticosterone levels and passive avoidance memory in male rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats were placed into 5 groups (n=8): high intensity interval resistance training (HIRT), high intensity interval running training (HIIT), continuous running training (CT), sham (SH) ,and control (C). Experimental groups were under training for 4 weeks and 5 days per week. Memory function was evaluated by using passive avoidance test on two separate times before and 24 hours after foot shock. 24 hours after memory test, blood samples were obtained from the subjects. Hippocampal corticosterone levels were measured by ELISA method. For data analysis, one-way ANOVA was used. Results: The results showed that memory function improved significantly in the training groups compared with the SH and C groups (p<0.05). Also memory function in the HIRT group was significantly higher than the HIIT group (p=0.023). Hippocampal corticosterone levels in the training groups was significantly lower compared with the SH and C groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Our findings showed that high intensity interval training can improve the hippocampus-dependent memory function and also reduce hippocampal corticosterone levels. Further research can help to better understand the effects of high intensity interval exercises on brain function. Key words: High-intensity interval training, High intensity interval resistance training, Passive avoidance memory, Corticostrone, Rat Funding: This study did not have any funds. Conflict of interest: None declared. Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of University of Isfahan approved the study (EEC/609/86).   How to cite this article: Abdolmaleki A, Samavati Sharif MA, Alaei H. The Effect of High Intensity Interval Training on Passive Avoidance Memory and Hippocampal Corticosterone Levels in Male Rats. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2017; 16(9): 835-44. [Farsi]     [1]- PhD Student of Exercise Physiology, School of Exercise Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedam, Iran (Corresponding Author) Tel:,Fax:,Email: [2]- Associate Professor, Dept. of Exercise Physiology ,School of Exercise Sciences, Bu-Ali Sina University, Hamedam, Iran [3]- Prof., Dept. of Physiology ,School of Medicine, Isfahan University of Medical Sciences, Isfahan, Iran 3789 زیست شناسی The Effect of Maternal Prenatal Stress on Frontal Lobe Evolution and Evaluation of Seizure Threshold in NMRI Mice Offsprings Hakimi F. m Kaka Gh. n Sadoughi M. o m Neuroscience Research Center, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran n Department of Developmental Biology, ,Islamic Azad University OF Tehran, North Branch, Tehran, Iran o Department of Developmental Biology, ,Islamic Azad University OF Tehran, North Branch, Tehran, Iran 1 1 2018 16 9 845 856 02 05 2017 10 12 2017 Background and Objectives: Maternal prenatal stress while increasing the glucocorticoid level in the embryo, has detrimenal effects on the neural structure. This study examined  the effect of maternal stress on the change of the frontal lobe in mice during pregnancy and also the seizure threshold in their offsprings. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 30 pregnant female mice were divided into two equal groups: the non-stress group and stress group. The stress group experienced one hour immobilization stress for 14 days. After child birth, offsprings were divided into three groups (n=4): The control group, mothers received no immobilization stress and their offsprings also received no PTZ;the Sham  group, mothers received no immobilization stress but their offsprings received PTZ; and the experimental group, mothers received immobilization stress and their offsprings also received PTZ. To study the frontal lobe of mouse embryo, the brain of mice offisprings were removed and fixed.The sections (5 micron) were prepared and stained byH&E technique. Histological studies were performed using the Histolab and Motic softwares. Results: The results showed a significant increase in seizure threshold in the offsprings whose mothers were under immobilization stress compared with the offsprings whose mothers received no stress (p<0.001). A significant reduction in the thickness of layers was observed in the experimental group compared with the control and sham groups (p<0.05). The number of neural and glial cells and the number of blood vessels in the experimental group  significantly decreased compared with the control and sham groups (p<0.05). Conclusion: Imobilization stress during pregnancy can cause an increase in the seizure threshold in mice offisprings and a disorder in the development and structure of  their frontal lobe. Keywords: Frontal lobe, Seizure, Stress, Pentylenetetrazole, Histomorphometry.   Funding: None declared. Conflict of interest: The authors have no conflicts of interest. Ethical approval:Approval for this experimental study was obtained from the Institutional Review Board, and all experiments were carried out in accordance with the Guidelines of Animal Care and Use of the Ethics Committee of Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences   How to cite this article: Hakimi F , Kaka Gh, Sadoughi M. The Effect of Maternal Prenatal Stress on Frontal Lobe Evolution and Evaluation of Seizure Threshold in NMRI Mice Offsprings. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2017; 16(9): 845-56. [Farsi]   3884 Environmental Health Removal of Green 6 Direct Dye from Aqueous Solutions Using Immobilized Laccase Enzyme on Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticle Armand R. p Rigi G. Alizadeh R. p Department of Biology, Faculty of Science, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran Department of Genetics, Faculty of Basic Sciences, University of Shahrekord, Shahrekord, Iran Department of Envirment, Faculty of Environment and Natural Resources, Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology, Behbahan, Iran 1 1 2018 16 9 857 868 01 07 2017 10 12 2017 Background and Objective: Manufactured wastewater management of industrial units containing toxic pollutants is essential for environmental protection. Considering the great applications and effects of using the nanomaterial and nanotechnology in the field of environmental protection, the nanoparticle of ZnFe2O4 has been used as a basic particle. On the other hand, enzyme processes, due to their low costs and cheapness, can be used as the new and efficient processes for decolorization from wastewater. Therefore, the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of removal of green 6 direct dyes from aqueous solutions using immobilized laccase enzyme on zinc ferrite nanoparticle. Materials and Methods: First, the magnetic zinc ferrite nanoparticles (ZnFe2O4) were synthesized using sol-gel method. Then, by immobilizing laccase enzyme onto it and enzyme activation of the nanoparticles, it was used to remove green 6 direct dye from the aqueous solution. Long-life catalytic converters have been used to immobilize the enzyme on the surface of nanoparticles. In order to study the physical properties of the synthesized nanoparticles, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray diffraction (XRD) pattern and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were used. The investigated conditions included contact time (120-160 minutes), adsorbent dosage  )0.1-1mg/l(, pH (3,4,7,8,9) and initial color concentration (10 to 100 mg /l). Results: The results of the study showed a spherical and even crystalline structure of the enzymatic nanoparticles, with an average size of approximately equal to 23 to 40 nm. Photometric studies of the immobilized enzyme on zinc nanoparticle (IZFN) spectra at 1199, 1284, 2956 and 1714 peaks confirmed  the CH2 group of triethoxymethylsilane, the peptide bond c = o group, as well as the S = O and C-N groups of the SO group in the Lacas enzyme. Therefore, the nanoscale composition of the enzyme immobilizing layers was confirmed. The maximum removal of color was 95% with the adsorbent dose of 0.2 mg/L, at the initial concentration of 10 mg /L, pH = 3.4 and the contact time of 120 minutes Conclusion: The combination of the immobilized enzyme layers made in this study with immobilized enzyme on zinc nanoparticle can be a suitable adsorbent for the removal of dye contamination, especially the green 6 direct dyes from fabric dyeing wastewaters, as compared to the other similar nanoparticles. Key words: Immobilized laccase, Enzymatic system, Decolorization، ZFN nanoparticle, Green 6 direct color   Funding: This study was funded by Behbahan Khatam Alanbia University of Technology Conflict of interest: None declared.   How to cite this article: Armand R, Rigi G, Alizadeh R. Removal of Green 6 Direct Dye from Aqueous Solutions Using Immobilized Laccase Enzyme on Zinc Ferrite Nanoparticle. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2017; 16(9): 857-68. [Farsi]   4152 Statistics; Epidemiology A Narrative Review on Religion Epidemiology with Emphasis on Suicide Behavior Rezaeian M. 1 1 2018 16 9 869 882 30 01 2018 30 01 2018  Religion can be considered as a belief and behavioral system that shape do and do not do issues of life. Furthermore, religion rituals determine fundamental human moments including birth, puberty, marriage and death and as a result, religion has a significant impact on human life within communities. The chief aim of the present article is to investigate the substantial effects of religion on suicide behavior from epidemiological point of view. The chief aim of the present article is to investigate the substantial effects of religion on suicide behavior from epidemiological point of view. Therefore, within the present article the view of five important religions including Hinduism, Buddhism, Judaism, Christianity and Islam on suicide behavior are discussed. And it is pointed out that among these religions Islam has the most essential view on prevention of suicide behavior. Key words: Religion, Health, Suicide, Epidemiology   How to cite this article: Rezaeian M. A Narrative Review on Religion Epidemiology with Emphasis on Suicide Behavior. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2017; 16(9): 869-82. [Farsi] 3955 Environmental Health The Prevalence and Types of Burn Wound Infection in the Burn Ward of Tohid Hospital in Sanandaj in 2015: A Short Report Servatyari K. Hamzehpour H. Rasouli M.A. Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran. Student Research Committee, Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, Sanandaj, Iran. 1 1 2018 16 9 883 890 16 09 2017 11 11 2017 Background and Objectives: According to the World Health Organization statistics, about 20 to 25% of patients admitted to the hospital are affected by different  types of nosocomial infections. Burn wound infections are the  major cause of mortality and morbidity in these patients. So, the aim of this study was to determine the prevalence and types of burn wound infection in burn ward of Tohid Hospital in Sanandaj in 2015. Materials and Methods: In this cross- sectional study, all the 198 patients admitted to burn unit of Tohid hospital in Sanandaj city from April 2014 to March 2015 were studied. Variables such as age, sex, hospitalization time (season), burn percentage, location of burn ,and type of infection were studied. Chi-square test was used to analyze the data. Results: Of all 198 patients, 53% (105 patients) were men. The average and standard deviation of the patients' age was 30.33± 3.82. 33 patients (16.7 %) were affected by nosocomial infection. The most prevalence of burn wound infection was occurred in autumn (23.3 %) and the highest microorganism produced infections (58%) was Staphylococcus aureus. There was a significant relationship between the burn percentage and the burn wound infections (P=0.011), so that the highest rate of infection was in the patients with the burns between 11 to 30%. Conclusions: Due to the high prevalence of burn wound infections in the haspitalized patients at Sanandaj's Tohid hospital, compliance with control standards of infection in this unit seems to be nessesary. Key words: Seasonal variation, Wound infection, Burn unit, Sanandaj   Funding: There was no funding for this study. Conflict of Interest: None declared. Etical approval: The Ethics Committee of Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences approval the study.   How to cite this article: Servatyari K, Hamzehpour H, Rasouli MA. The Prevalence and Types of Burn Wound Infection in the Burn Ward of Tohid Hospital in Sanandaj in 2015: A Short Report. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2017; 16(9): 883-90. [Farsi] 4014 Pharmacology Evaluation of Parenteral Ciprofloxacin Utilization and Cost in Afzalipour Hospital of Kerman in 2016: A Short Report Dabaghzadeh Fatemeh Ebrahimi Javad Arab Nanaz Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences Faculty of Pharmacy, Kerman University of Medical Sciences 1 1 2018 16 9 891 898 17 10 2017 06 11 2017 Background and Objectives: Drug utilization evaluation of antibiotics leads to identifying drug-related problems, preventing antibiotic resistance ,and controling  pharmacotherapy costs . The aim of the present study was to evaluate the use of parenteral ciprofloxacin in an inpatient setting and cost of its inappropriate use. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in Afzalipour teaching hospital in Kerman from October 2016 to December 2016. The Anatomical Therapeutic Chemical classification system and the Defined Daily Dose were used and the DDD/100 bed-days was calculated. The cost of parenteral ciprofloxacin use was also determined. Descriptive statistics and binary logistic regression were used for data analysis. Results: One hundred and twelve patients received parenteral ciprofloxacin during the study period. The total cost of parenteral ciprofloxacin use was 13381.94 dollars. The use of parenteral ciprofloxacin in 34 (30.36%) patients was inappropriate and the cost of it was 2572.11 dollars. The dose of parenteral ciprofloxacin was not adjusted in 29 (25.89%) patients with chronic kidney disease. The overall parenteral ciprofloxacin utilization was 9.12 DDD/100 bed-days. The ratio of mean prescribed daily dose to Defined Daily Dose was 1.43. Conclusion: The total parenteral ciprofloxacin use and also its cost were higher than other countries. So it is necessary to develop appropriative strategies to reduce its use. Key words: Evaluation, Ciprofloxacin, Utilization, Cost, Kerman         Funding: This study was funded by Kerman University of Medical Sciences. Conflict of interest: None declared. Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Kerman University of Medical Sciences approved the study (IR.KMU.REC.1395.451).   How to cite this article: Dabaghzadeh F, Ebrahimi J, Arab N. Evaluation of Parenteral Ciprofloxacin Utilization and Cost in Afzalipour Hospital of Kerman in 2016: A Short Report. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2017; 16(9): 891-8. [Farsi]