69 1735-3165 Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences 5746 Statistics; Epidemiology Supervisors Should Be More Vigilant When Their Students Are Writing an Article Rezaeian M. 1 12 2020 19 9 907 908 19 12 2020 20 12 2020 در سخن سردبیری شماره مردادماه سال 1394 مجله دانشگاه، به ضرورت چاپ مقاله از پایان­نامه­های مقاطع مختلف تحصیلی اشاره کردیم و در همان جا، از اساتید راهنما درخواست کردیم که به جهت پرهیز از رویداد هرگونه تخلف پژوهشی توسط دانشجویان، نقش فعال­تری را در این زمینه ایفاء نمایند [1]. هم­چنین و پیش از آن، در  سخن سردبیری شماره بهمن و اسفندماه سال 1391 مجله دانشگاه، درخواست نموده بودیم که دانشجویان نقش فعالی در نگارش مقاله حاصل از پایان­نامه داشته و در این­صورت، نقش نویسندگی اول را برعهده بگیرند. بر این اساس، استاد راهنما ضمن نظارت دقیق و فعال بر نگارش مقاله، بهتر است که نقش نویسنده مسئول را برعهده داشته باشد [2]. متأسفانه و علی­رغم هشدارهای ارائه شده در فوق، اخیراً یک مقاله­ مروری توسط یکی از دانشجویان مقطع دکتری به مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان سابمیت شد که در آن دانشجو نقش نویسنده مسئول را بر عهده داشت. مقاله فوق توسط داوران مجله مورد بررسی قرار گرفت و ضمن ارائه پیشنهادهایی، از تیم نویسندگی درخواست شد که در هر بخش از مقاله به منابع موجود استناد گردد. در نهایت وقتی که مقاله آماده چاپ شده بود، به اطلاع مجله رسانیده شد که بخش­های زیادی از این مقاله، از یک مقاله انگلیسی زبان که قبلاً منتشر شده بود، اقتباس شده است. پیگیری­های مجله نشان داد که دانشجو کاملاً از این امر آگاه بوده اما تیم راهنما و به ویژه استاد راهنمای ایشان، از این امر آگاه نبوده­اند. از همین رو، مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان در راستای وظیفه خطیر خود که اطلاع رسانی صحیح و اصیل از آخرین دستاورهای علمی است، مقاله را از روند انتشار خارج نمود. هم­چنین، برای مشخص شدن ریشه­های این تخلف پژوهشی، مکاتبات خود را با مسئولان محترم دانشگاه محل تحصیل دانشجو آغاز نموده است. مثال فوق، نشان می­دهد که برخی از اساتید راهنما و مشاور، متأسفانه اشراف کامل بر فعالیت­های پژوهشی دانشجویان خود ندارند. این نکته نه تنها سبب خواهد شد که بنیاد علم دچار خدشه­های جبران ناپذیر گردد، بلکه ممکن است اساتید راهنما، مشاور و دانشجویان هم مرتکب تخلفات پژوهشی عمدی و یا سهوی گردند. از همین رو، راقم این سطور به منظور اطلاع رسانی صحیح از شیوه نگارش یک مقاله مأخوذ از پایان­نامه­های دانشجویی، راهنمایی را تهیه کرده است که در همین شماره تقدیم خوانندگان فرهیخته مجله دانشگاه می­نماید [3]. امیدوارم که این مقاله آموزشی برای دانشجویان و اساتید محترم راهنما و مشاوری که قصد تهیه مقاله از یک پایان­نامه دارند، به عنوان راهنمایی مناسب قلمداد گردد. مشتاقانه منتظر دریافت نظرات ارزشمند شما در این زمینه می­باشم.  
5482 آموزش پزشکی Factors Affecting the Quality of Clinical Education from the Perspective of Teachers and Learners of Saveh Hospitals in 2019: A Descriptive Study Mortazavi S. M. c Sharifirad Gh. d Khoshgoftar Moghaddam A.A. e c Qom Azad University d Qom Azad University e Qom University of Medical Sciences 1 12 2020 19 9 909 924 29 06 2020 27 10 2020 Background and Objectives: Clinical education is a link between the theoretical content of medical students and the provision of clinical services to patients. This study evaluates various factors affecting clinical education and factors affecting the quality of education identified by instructors and learners, to help improve the quality of education by improving processes. Materials and Methods: This research was conducted in two ways: qualitative and quantitative. In the qualitative stage, 20 experts were interviewed. From the obtained information, a researcher-made questionnaire was created and after confirming the reliability and validity, was distributed among 198 clinical students in the fields of nursing, operating room and anesthesia in Saveh hospitals in 2019, who were passing clinical training course, and the professors of Saveh University of Medical Sciences. Qualitative stage information was analyzed by MAXQDA software version 10 and quantitative stage information was analyzed by SPSS software version 23. The results were analyzed by factor analysis. Results: The results showed that 23 factors are involved in improving educational processes. Among the 17 factors regarding the shortages and educational needs, one of the most important factors was the shortage of the training room in the wards with 45.8%. Regarding the results and consequences of improving educational processes, the most important factor was patient satisfaction with 59.2%, having the most completely agreed opinion. Conclusion: The main factors in the quality assessment model include improving educational processes, results and consequences of improving the educational process, lack of specialized manpower, lack of space and facilities and equipment, and proper educational evaluation. Key words: Quality, Clinical education, Process Funding: The costs of this study were paid for by the author. Conflict of interest: None declared. Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Saveh University of Medical Sciences has agreed with this research by letter No. 127/44.     How to cite this article: Mortazavi SM, Sharifira Gh, Khoshgoftar Moghaddam AA. Factors Affecting the Quality of Clinical Education from the Perspective of Teachers and Learners of Saveh Hospitals in 2019: A Descriptive Study. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2020; 19 (9): 909-24. [Farsi] 4871 Pharmacology The Study of Adults’ Knowledge and Attitude Towards Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking in the City of Kerman in 2017: A Descriptive Study Danaei M. f Momeni M. g f Kerman University of Medical Sciences g Kerman University of Medical Sciences 1 12 2020 19 9 925 940 17 07 2019 31 10 2020 Background and Objectives: Today, lack of knowledge and misconceptions are the most important reasons for an increasing trend toward waterpipe tobacco smoking (WTS) worldwide. The aim of this study was to determine the knowledge and attitude of adults of city of Kerman towards WTS. Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was performed on 1090 adults selected by multi-stage random sampling in the city of Kerman in 2017. A researcher-made questionnaire including demographic information, questions about knowledge and attitude towards WTS and a question about the current use of WTS was used. Data were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient, chi-square test, independent t-test and multiple linear regression. Results: The mean and standard deviation scores of knowledge and attitude of subjects were 8.29±1.84 and 28.58±7.20, respectively. There was observed a significant negative correlation between knowledge and attitude score (r= -0.49; p<0.001). The knowledge of current waterpipe users was significantly less than noncurrent waterpipe users (p<0.001) and the attitude of current waterpipe users was significantly more positive than those noncurrent waterpipe users (p<0.001). People with higher age (p<0.001), women (p<0.001), married (p=0.016) and those with university education (p=0.003) had significantly more knowledge. Conclusion: Considering the inappropriate knowledge and attitude of adults towards WTS, interventions to increase knowledge and change attitude, especially in people at risk should be designed and implemented. Key words: Waterpipe, Knowledge, Attitude, Kerman   Funding: This study was funded by the Office of Vice-Chancellor for Research at Kerman University of Medical Sciences. Conflict of interest: None declared. Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Kerman University of Medical Sciences approved the study (IR.KMU.REC.1394.262).     How to cite this article: Danaei M, M. Momeni. The Study of Adults’ Knowledge and Attitude Towards Waterpipe Tobacco Smoking in the City of Kerman in 2017: A Descriptive Study. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2020; 19 (9): 925-40 [Farsi] 5334 Pediatrics Prevalence of Stunting and Some Related Factors in 6-year-old Children in Rafsanjan City in 2018: A Cross-Sectional Study Kamiab Z. h Tavanaee K. i Sepehran M. j h Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences i Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences j Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences 1 12 2020 19 9 941 954 12 05 2020 20 10 2020 Background and Objectives: Height growth is one of the indicators of health level in a society that affect children’s health. This study aimed to determine the prevalence of short stature and some related factors in 6-year-old children in Rafsanjan. Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 521 children aged 6 years referring to health centers of Rafsanjan in 2018, were studied by cluster random sampling. Demographic characteristics and anthropometric variables for children and their parents were collected and their short stature was studied based on the stansards of CDC (Centers for disease control and prevention).  In short children serum levels of electrolytes, thyroid hormones, growth hormone, and 25-Hydroxy vitamin D3 were measured and bone age determination was performed. Data were analyzed using chi-square test, independent t-test and Pearson’s correlation coefficient. Results: The prevalence of short stature was 4% (21 children) with 95% confidence interval 1.3% to 6.7%. Eleven (52.4%) were boy. The main cause of short stature in 52.4% of children (11 cases) was genetic. One case had growth hormone deficiency (4.8%) and one had hypothyroidism (4.8%). No cause for short stature was found for 38% of cases (8 cases). There was a significant positive correlation between child height and father’s height (r=0.361; p<0.001) and mother’s height (r=0.269; p<0.001) Conclusion: In this study, the main cause of short stature in children was genetic causes. Knowing the causes of short stature is necessary to take timely action to correct this defect. Key words: Prevalence, Stunting, Familial short stature, Natural short stature, Idiopathic short stature, Children, Rafsanjan   Funding: This study was funded by Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. Conflict of interest: None declared. Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences approved the study (IR.RUMS.REC.1396.203).   How to cite this article: Kamiab Z, Tavanaee K, Sepehran M. Prevalence of Stunting and Some Related Factors in 6-year-old Children in Rafsanjan City in 2018: A Cross-Sectional Study. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2020; 19 (9): 941-54. [Farsi] 5587 تربیت بدنی The Effect of Swimming Endurance Exercise on Cell Death and Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Gene Expression in Brain of Rat: An Experimental Study of Alzheimer's Disease Model Gorgin Karaji Z. k Fathi M. l Mirnasori R. m k Lorestan University l Lorestan University m Lorestan University 1 12 2020 19 9 955 968 15 09 2020 24 10 2020 Background and Objectives: Alzheimer's disease (AD) is a neurodegenerative disease which is marked by impaired cholinergic function and decreased nicotinic acetylcholine receptor (nAChRs) density. nAChRs are important mediators of cholinergic signaling in modulation of learning and memory function. In Alzheimer hippocampus is particularly vulnerable to specific degenerative processes and neuronal death that mediate cognitive dysfunction. Thus, the aim of present study was to examine the effect of swimming on percentage of cell death and α7nAChR gene expression in brain of Alzheimer's disease rat model. Materials & Methods: In this experimental study, 32 Vistar male rats were allocated into 4 groups: sham (Sh), Alzheimer (A), Alzheimer-training (AT), healthy-training (T). Alzheimer's model was induced by injection of Aβ1-42 into the CA3 hippocampus region and the rats in the training groups were submitted to swimming (30 min/day for a period of 3 weeks). To determine Alzheimer's model, α7nAChR gene expression rate and cell death, immunofluorescence, Real Time PCR and crystal violet were used. Independent samples t-test and one-way ANOVA with Tukey’s post-hoc test were used for data analysis. Results: The results of this study indicated that Alzheimer significantly reduced α7nAChR gene expression in the rat hippocampus (p<0.05); While exercise improved the expression of reduced α7nAChR gene in Alzheimer's rats and the percentage of Alzheimer’s-induced cell death (p<0.05). Conclusion: Exercise is probably useful for prevention of cell death and reduced α7nAChR gene expression rate in Alzheimer’s rat. Key words: Swimming exercise, Cell death, Nicotinic acetylcholine receptor, Alzheimer, Rat   Funding: This study did not have any funds. Conflict of interest: None declared. Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Lorestan University approved the study (LU.ECRA.2018.15). How to cite this article: The Effect of Swimming Endurance Exercise on Cell Death and Nicotinic Acetylcholine Receptor Gene Expression in Brain of Rat: An Experimental Study of Alzheimer's Disease Model. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2020; 19 (9): 955-68. [Farsi] 5268 Physiology The Oleuropein Effect on Neurotrophic Factor Expression Level in Hippocampal Tissue and Memory Defect Induced by Morphine in Male Rats: An Experimental Study Hassanshahi J. n rahmani M. R o Shibani F. p Kaeidi A. n Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran o Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran p Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran Department of Physiology and Pharmacology, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran 1 12 2020 19 9 969 978 27 04 2020 20 12 2020 Background and Objectives: Taking morphine can cause damage to the hippocampus. Oleuropein has a protective effect on brain neurons. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of oleuropein on brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) protein expression level in hippocampal tissue and memory defect induced by morphine in rats. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 40 male Wistar rats were used. The animals were divided into five groups (n=8) including control/saline group (receiving saline intraperitoneally for four weeks), morphine group (receiving 40 mg/kg morphine daily subcutaneously for four weeks) and morphine + Oleuropein groups (receiving doses of 5, 15, and 30 mg/kg oleuropein + morphine by intraperitoneal injection for 4 weeks). At the end, the animals’ working memory was evaluated using the Y-maze behavior measurement test. The hippocampal BDNF protein expression level was measured using the ELISA method. One-way ANOVA test with Tukey’s post-test was used to analyze the data. Results: Intraperitoneal injection of oleuropein at a dose of 30 mg/kg in the rats receiving morphine significantly improved the memory function (p<0.01) and increased the BDNF protein expression level (p<0.05) compared to the morphine treated groups. Conclusion: Oleuropein may increase the BDNF protein expression level in the hippocampal tissue and improves the memory defect induced by morphine in rats. Key words: Morphine, Oleuropein, Working memory, Y-maze test, BDNF protein Funding: This research was funded by Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. Conflict of interest: None declared. Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences approved  the study (IR.RUMS.REC.1395.103).   How to cite this article: Hassanshahi J, Rahmani M R, Shibani F, Kaeidi A. The Oleuropein Effect on Neurotrophic Factor Expression Level in Hippocampal Tissue and Memory Defect Induced by Morphine in Male Rats: An Experimental Study. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2020; 19 (9): 969-78. [Farsi]   5553 Gynecology The Effectiveness of Psychological Empowerment Package and Dialectical Behavior Therapy on Depression of Infertile Women in Pretreatment Stage of Invitro Fertilization (IVF): A Randomized Clinical Trail Bahrami Kerchi A. Manshaee Gh. Keshti Aray N. 1 12 2020 19 9 979 994 19 08 2020 29 11 2020 Background and Objectives: Infertility as one of the most complex life crisis has many psychological consequences that directly or indirectly affect outcomes of invitro fertilization (IVF) treatment. This study was administered with the aim of determining the effectiveness of psychological empowerment package and dialectical behavior therapy on depression of infertile women in pretreatment stage of IVF. Materials and Methods: This randomized clinical trial was conducted on 45 infertile women seeking IVF treatment who referred to infertility centers in Isfahan, Iran, in 2020. They were randomly assigned into two experimental and one control groups (each group 15 persons). The experimental groups were treated with psychological empowerment package (11 sessions) and dialectical behavior therapy (8 sessions) and the control group did not receive any intervention. Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale (DASS-21) questionnaire was used to assess the three groups in three stages (Pretest, Posttest, Follow up). Data were analyzed using two-way repeated measures ANOVA. Results: The two-way repeated measures ANOVA results revealed that there was a significance difference between  the psychological empowerment group and the control group in the mean of depression scores (p<0.001). Bonferroni post hoc test revealed that there was no significant difference between dialectical behavior therapy and psychological empowerment group and between dialectical behavior therapy and  the control group in the pretreatment stage of IVF (p>0.05).  Conclusion: According to the results of this study, the effectiveness of psychological empowerment in reducing depression of infertile women in pretreatment stage of IVF, it is recommended to use this method to reduce depression in infertile women. Key words: Infertility, Female, Empowerment, Behavior therapy, Depression, Invitro fertilization (IVF)   Funding: This study did not have any funds. Conflict of interest: None declared. Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Islamic Azad University, Isfahan (Khorasgan) Branch, approved the study (IR.IAU.KHUISF.REC.1398.085).   How to cite this article: Bahrami Kerchi A, Manshaee Gh, Keshti Aray N. The Effectiveness of Psychological Empowerment Package and Dialectical Behavior Therapy on Depression of Infertile Women in Pretreatment Stage of Invitro Fertilization (IVF): A Randomized Clinical Trail. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2020; 19 (9): 979-94. [Farsi] 4809 Surgery Investigating Changes in the Serum Iron, TIBC (Total Iron Binding Capacity) and Transferrin Levels in Patients with Morbid Obesity Undergoing Bariatric Surgery in Kerman in 2018: A Short Report Taghipur Gh. Lashkarizadeh M. Saeed Askari P. Ahmadinia H. Kuhestani Parizi M. 1 12 2020 19 9 995 1002 10 06 2019 02 11 2020 Background and Objectives: Bariatric surgery is one of the most effective treatments for obesity. This study was designed to investigate changes in the serum iron, TIBC (Total Iron Binding Capacity) and transferrin levels in patients with morbid obesity undergoing bariatric surgery in Kerman in 2018. Materials and Methods: This prospective study was carried out on 65 participants who had gone under bariatric surgeries. Demographic data were collected by a questionnaire. Serum iron, transferrin and TIBC levels were measured one day before and one and six months after surgery. Data were analyzed using repeated measurements ANOVA and paired t-test. Result: The changes in the mean of the serum iron level and serum transferrin level during the three times were decreasing and statistically significant (p<0.001 and p=0.002, respectively). Conclusion: Iron deficiency is one of the most common complications after bariatric surgery. This finding replicates the importance of preventive treatment in these patients. Key words: Serum iron level, TIBC, Transferrin, Bariatric surgery, Morbid obesity   Funding: This study did not have any funds. Conflict of interest: None declared. Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences approved the study (IR.KMU.REC.1398.88).     How to cite this article: Taghipur Gh, Lashkarizadeh M, Saeed Askari P, Ahmadinia H, Kuhestani Parizi M. Investigating Changes in the Serum Iron, TIBC (Total Iron Binding Capacity) and Transferrin Levels in Patients with Morbid Obesity Undergoing Bariatric Surgery in Kerman in 2018: A Short Report. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2020; 19 (9): 995-1002. [Farsi] 5747 Statistics; Epidemiology Introducing a Guideline for Preparing an Article from a Thesis: A Continuing Education Article Rezaeian M. 1 12 2020 19 9 1003 1012 19 12 2020 20 12 2020  Introducing a Guideline for Preparing an Article from a Thesis: A Continuing Education Article M. Rezaeian[1]     Received: 14/10/2020  Sent for Revision: 02/11/2020 Received Revised Manuscript: 08/11/2020 Accepted: 09/11/2020     The necessity of publishing articles from diverse levels of education has always been emphasized. This would help to increase the likelihood of the use of theses results. However, writing an article from a student thesis might be associated with the risks such as inadvertently or intentionally committing research misconducts. The aim of the present article is to provide practical guidance on how to do this. These guidelines are provided in three stages before, during and after writing the article. Key words: Student, Supervisor, Thesis, Article   How to cite this article: Rezaeian M. Introducing a Guideline for Preparing an Article from a Thesis: A Continuing Education Article. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2020; 19 (9): 1003-12. [Farsi]       [1]- Prof., Epidemiology and Biostatistics Dept., Occupational Environmental Research Center, Medical School, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences, Rafsanjan, Iran, ORCID: 0000-0003-3070-0166 Tel: (034) 31315123, Fax: (034) 31315123, E-mail: moeygmr2@yahoo.co.uk