69 1735-3165 Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences 5368 زیست شناسی Evaluation of Lead Acetate Exposure on the Growth and Expression of Bax in Cultured Human Embryonic Astrocytes 1 12 2007 6 4 255 264 18 05 2020 18 05 2020   Background and Objective: Lead (pb) is an environmental toxicant which can induce structural and functional abnormalities in central nervous system, specially in young children. Materials and Methods:  In this experimental study, we evaluated the toxic effects of lead on human fetal astrocyte cells. At the first stage, the growth inhibition effects of short and long term exposure to lead were evaluated by 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay. Furthermore, the effect of Foetal Calf Serum (FCS) on lead toxicity was evaluated by above method. At the second stage, we applied immunocytochemistry (ICC) to analysis the effects of lead on the expression of stress related bax gene. Results: The lead toxicity was observed at a concentration of>1mM (p=0.000). Continuous lead exposure also (250 and 500 µM for 7 days) caused a significant growth inhibition (p<0.01) of astroastes. The results showed the protective effect of  FCS against lead toxicity. Lead exposure also induced bax gene expression. Conclusion: These results show that lead may disturb the function of astrocytes and therefore and may interfere with development of fetal nervous system. Key words: Lead Acetate, Cytotoxicity, Astrocyte, Bax, Immunocytochemistry, MTT Assay   Funding: This research was funded by Kerman Neuroscience Research Center. Conflict of interest: None declared. Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Kerman Medical University approved the study.  
5369 Psychiatry Prevalence of Obsessive Compulsive Symptoms in Schizophrenic Patients Referred to Navab Safavi Infirmary During 2004-2005 1 12 2007 6 4 265 272 18 05 2020 18 05 2020   Background and Objective: Schizophrenia is a chronic disorder that characterized by disturbances in thought, feeling, affects, behavior, perception and communication skills. Co morbid conditions and disorders with schizophrenia play an important role in course and prognosis. Obsession and compulsion symptoms are disorders which noticeable percentages of patients are suffering from them and they affect the course and prognosis of disease. According to the importance of these accompanying disorders with Schizophrenia we aimed this study to find the prevalence of obsessive – compulsive symptoms in schizophrenic patients. Materials and Methods: This is a descriptive study that included 214 known cases of schizophrenia which have been followed up at Navab–Safavi Clinic in Isfahan. Schizophrenic patients were diagnosed by DSM-IV criteria  by psychiatrist and obsessive symptom  by  Yale-Brown based questionnaire. The collected data were analyzed by t-test and X2.  Results: Our results on 214 schizophrenic patients showed that 34% of patients had obsessive compulsive symptom. In women the percentage was 40.9 % and in men was 31.3%. (p<0.05) Conclusion: These results shows that obsessive compulsive symptoms are common in schizophrenic patients which is an important point in the treatment of this disease. Key words: Schizophrenia, Obsessive –Compulsive Symptoms, Atypical Antipsychotic Drugs, Typical Antipsychotic Drugs   Funding: This research was funded by Isfahan University of Medical Sciences. Conflict of interest: None declared. Ethical approval: The  Ethics Committee of  Isfahan University of Medical Sciences approved this study. 5370 زیست شناسی The Effects of REM Sleep Deprivation of Pregnant Rats on Spatial Learning of Their Adult Female Offspring 1 12 2007 6 4 273 282 18 05 2020 18 05 2020 Background and Objective: Previous studies have shown that different environmental stresses during pregnancy, affect physiological behaviors of their offspring. In this study the effects of Rapid Eye Movement (REM) sleep deprivation or Paradoxical Sleep Deprivation (PSD) of pregnant rats were studied on the spatial learning of the adult female offspring by Morris water maze (MWM). Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, flower pot technique was used for PSD. Pregnant rats were divided into 5 groups as follow; group1: in which PSD was performed in 3 days of gestation (E14, E15 and E16) by using small (5.5 cm in diameter) platform. Group2: pregnant rats on large (19 cm in diameter) platform as sham. Group3: Pregnant rats which did not achieved PSD (control). The same treatments were performed on two other groups of pregnant rats in E17, E18 and E19 (group 4 for small platform and group 5 for large platform). The female offspring of all the groups (after maturation in age of 3-3.5 months) were evaluated for MWM. Results: Offspring of group1 and 2 did not show any significant differences in MWM spatial learning indices when compared with control groups while some of these indices were increased significantly in offspring of group 4 in compared with group 5 and control group (p<0.05). Conclusion: According to the results, the effects of PSD in pregnant rat on the spatial learning of its adult female offspring rats depend on the duration and the time of the PSD producing various responses. Key words: REM Sleep Deprivation, Spatial Learning, Pregnant Rat, Morris Water Maze   Funding: This research was jointly funded by: 1-Nouroscience Research Center, University of Medical Sciences, Kerman, Iran. 2- Shahid Bahonar Uniersity Kerman Iran. Conflict of interest: None declared. Ethical approval: The Research and Ethics Committee of the Neuroscience Research Center, Kerman University of Medical Science of Iran approved the study.   5371 Microbiology Evaluation of Urinary Riboflavin levels of Primary School Aged Children in Rafsanjan During 2004-2005 1 12 2007 6 4 283 290 18 05 2020 18 05 2020 Background and Objective: Riboflavin deficiency is one of the most common nutritional deficiencies, which has detrimental effects on physical growth of children. In the present study, the nutritional status of this vitamin and its correlation with anthropometrical indices of school aged children (year one and two) in Rafsanjan were investigated. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, the samples were selected using multistage random sampling, and the variables including age, gender, and their parent’s education were recorded in the questionnaires which was prepared for this purpose. The weight and height of the participants were measured, and their urine samples were collected. Anthropometric indices and data were analyzed, using "Nut" sub program of EPI software version 6.0 and c2, t-test and Pearson correlation tests, respectively. Results: A moderate to severe riboflavin deficiency was found in half of the participants with a higher frequency in girls (p<0.005). Also, there was a significant difference between the mean of height for age and weight for age among boys and girls, respectively (p<0.003, p<0.045). Conclusion: Based on our findings, Riboflavin deficiency is possibly a serious problem among primary school children especially in school-aged girls. Key words: Urinary Riboflavin, Anthropometric Indices, School-aged children   Funding: This research was funded by Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. Conflict of interest: None declared Ethical approval: The Ethics comitte of Rafsanjan University of Medical Science.   5372 Biochemistry Investigation of Glucose-6-phosphate Dehydrogenase Deficiency in Rafsanjan, Autumn 2004 1 12 2007 6 4 291 298 18 05 2020 18 05 2020   Background and Objective: G6PD (Glucose -6- phosphate dehydrogenase) is the first enzyme of pentose phosphate pathway, which plays an important role in NADPH production. NADPH is necessary for preventing of cell oxidation. Deficiency of this enzyme led to hemolysis in some situations. This study has been done to determine the prevalence of G6PD deficiency and its relation with sex , blood group, Rh and familial history of new born in Rafsanjan. Materials and methods: In this cross sectional study blood sample was collected on a special filter paper and the activity of G6PD was measured by fluorescent spot test. The data were analyzed by Chi-square and Fisher exact tesst. Significance was defined as p<0.05. Results :There were 523 boys and 495 girls out of 1018 alive newborns. The G6PD deficiency was 5.7% for boys, 4.2% for girls and 5% for all the alive newborns. No significant relation, between prevalence of G6PD  deficiency and blood group, sex, familial history and Rh were found. Conclusion: The G6PD deficiency prevalence in Rafsanjan is less than other parts of Iran and the worlds (10%-14.9%). Given the screening test is cheep and easy it is suggested to perform this test at birth to differentiate the relatively or completely deficient sample to prevent of  health problems. Key words: Glucose -6- phosphate dehdyrogenase,  Newborns screening, Newborns, Fauvism   Funding: This research was funded by Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. Conflict of interest: None declared Ethical approval:  Rafsanjan Medical University Ethics Committee approved the study.