Volume 22, Issue 12 (2-2024)
JRUMS 2024, 22(12): 1297-1314 |
Back to browse issues page
Ethics code: IR.UMA.REC.1401.092
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Karimi M, Narimani M, Basharpoor S. The Pattern of Structural Relationships between Emotional Schemas and Cognitive Fusion and Social Anxiety Symptoms in Students with the Mediating Role of Anxiety Sensitivity: A Descriptive Study. JRUMS 2024; 22 (12) :1297-1314
URL: http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-7133-en.html
URL: http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-7133-en.html
Mohaghegh Ardabili University
Abstract: (346 Views)
Background and Objectives: Social anxiety disorder is considered one of the most common psychiatric disorders. Considering the role of various factors in its creation and continuation, the current research was conducted with the aim of determining the relationships between emotional schemas and cognitive fusion and social anxiety symptoms with the mediating role of anxiety sensitivity.
Materials and Methods: In terms of methodology, the current research was a descriptive-correlational type of structural equations. The statistical population in this research consisted of all secondary school students of Qazvin City who started studying in the academic year 2023-2024. Four hundred of them (200 girls and 200 boys) were selected using a multi-stage cluster random sampling method and answered the questionnaires on emotional schemas, cognitive fusion, social people, and adolescent experiences. The analysis of research data was done through structural equations modeling.
Results: The results of structural equations modeling showed that emotional schemas with a path coefficient of 0.35 and cognitive fusion with a coefficient of 0.20 have a significant direct relationship with the symptoms of social distress (p<0.001). Also, emotional schemas with a path coefficient of 0.19 and cognitive fusion with a path coefficient of 0.09 have a significant indirect relationship with social anxiety symptoms with the mediation of anxiety sensitivity (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that emotional schemas and cognitive fusion can be risk factors for the symptoms of social anxiety disorder in adolescents. These variables can also intensify social anxiety by increasing anxiety sensitivity. It is recommended that mental health professionals pay attention to these factors in order to improve the quality and speed up treatment in their treatment plans.
Key words: Emotional schemas, Cognitive fusion, Social anxiety symptoms, Anxiety sensitivity
Funding: This study was funded by Mohaghegh Ardabili University.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Mohaghegh Ardabili University approved the study (IR.UMA.REC.1401.092).
How to cite this article: Karimi Maryam, Narimani Mohammad, Basharpoor Sajjad. The Pattern of Structural Relationships Between Emotional Schemas and Cognitive Fusion and Social Anxiety Symptoms in Students with the Mediating Role of Anxiety Sensitivity: A Descriptive Study. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2024; 22 (12): 1297-314. [Farsi]
Materials and Methods: In terms of methodology, the current research was a descriptive-correlational type of structural equations. The statistical population in this research consisted of all secondary school students of Qazvin City who started studying in the academic year 2023-2024. Four hundred of them (200 girls and 200 boys) were selected using a multi-stage cluster random sampling method and answered the questionnaires on emotional schemas, cognitive fusion, social people, and adolescent experiences. The analysis of research data was done through structural equations modeling.
Results: The results of structural equations modeling showed that emotional schemas with a path coefficient of 0.35 and cognitive fusion with a coefficient of 0.20 have a significant direct relationship with the symptoms of social distress (p<0.001). Also, emotional schemas with a path coefficient of 0.19 and cognitive fusion with a path coefficient of 0.09 have a significant indirect relationship with social anxiety symptoms with the mediation of anxiety sensitivity (p<0.001).
Conclusion: The results of the present study indicated that emotional schemas and cognitive fusion can be risk factors for the symptoms of social anxiety disorder in adolescents. These variables can also intensify social anxiety by increasing anxiety sensitivity. It is recommended that mental health professionals pay attention to these factors in order to improve the quality and speed up treatment in their treatment plans.
Key words: Emotional schemas, Cognitive fusion, Social anxiety symptoms, Anxiety sensitivity
Funding: This study was funded by Mohaghegh Ardabili University.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Mohaghegh Ardabili University approved the study (IR.UMA.REC.1401.092).
How to cite this article: Karimi Maryam, Narimani Mohammad, Basharpoor Sajjad. The Pattern of Structural Relationships Between Emotional Schemas and Cognitive Fusion and Social Anxiety Symptoms in Students with the Mediating Role of Anxiety Sensitivity: A Descriptive Study. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2024; 22 (12): 1297-314. [Farsi]
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Psychiatry
Received: 2023/09/9 | Accepted: 2024/03/5 | Published: 2024/03/1
Received: 2023/09/9 | Accepted: 2024/03/5 | Published: 2024/03/1
References
0.
1. Wang M. Harsh parenting and adolescent aggression: Adolescents’ effortful control as the mediator and parental warmth as the moderator. Child abuse and neglect 2015; 94: 104-24.
2. Henriksen M, Skrove M, Hoftun G, Sund E, Lydersen S, Tseng W, et al. Developmental course and risk factors of physical aggression in late adolescence. Child Psychiatry & Human Development 2021; 52: 628-39.
3. Mao Y, Zuo X, Ding C, Qiu J. OFC and its connectivity with amygdala as predictors for future social anxiety in adolescents. Developmental cognitive neuroscience 2020; 44: 225-45.
4. Siegel AN, Kocovski NL. Effectiveness of self-compassion inductions among individuals with elevated social anxiety. Mindfulness 2020; 11: 2552-60.
5. Aune T, Nordahl HM, Beidel DC. Social anxiety disorder in adolescents: prevalence and subtypes in the Young-HUNT3 study. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 2022; 87: 445-60.
6. Ahmadi F, Kodkhodaei M. The effectiveness of emotional schema therapy on psychological helplessness, quality of life and cognitive regulation of emotions in adolescents with social anxiety disorder. Educational Psychology Skills 2022; 14(2): 1-15. [Farsi]
7. Sohrabnejad S, Nazari G. Investigating the prediction of suicidal thoughts based on metacognitive beliefs and emotional schemas in male substance users in Ilam city in 2022. J Ilam Uni Med Sci 2023; 31(4): 1-8. [Farsi]
8. Ansari Kalachahi F, Sadeghi A, Gurbanpour Lafamjani A. Investigating the structural relationship between attachment styles and childhood trauma with tendency towards extramarital relationships: the mediating role of emotional schemas. Developmental Psychology 2022; 11(10): 37-48. [Farsi]
9. Morwaridi M, Mashhadi A, Sepehari Shamlou Z. The effectiveness of group therapy based on emotional schema therapy on reducing the anxiety sensitivity of women with social anxiety. Medical Sciences 2018; 7(22): 26-35. [Farsi]
10. Thomas KN, Bardeen JR. The buffering effect of attentional control on the relationship between cognitive fusion and anxiety. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2020; 1;132: 36-53.
11. Zhang CQ, Li X, Si G, Chung PK, Huang Z, Gucciardi DF. Examining the roles of experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion on the effects from mindfulness to athlete burnout: A longitudinal study. Psychology of Sport and Exercise 2023; 1;64: 23-41.
12. Cookson C, Luzon O, Newland J, Kingston J. Examining the role of cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance in predicting anxiety and depression. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice 2020; 93(3): 456-73.
13. Bakhshandeh Sajjad A, Mousavi Nasab M, Khazri Moghadam N. Causal model of emotional schema and ataxia with anxiety sensitivity through the mediating role of difficulty in emotion regulation in students. New Psychological Research Quarterly 2022; 17(68): 53-62. [Farsi]
14. Anderberg JL, Baker LD, Kalantar EA, Berghoff CR. Cognitive fusion accounts for the relation of anxiety sensitivity cognitive concerns and rumination. Current Psychology 2023; 24: 1-7.
15. Spence SH, Rapee RM. The etiology of social anxiety disorder: An evidence-based model. Behaviour Research and Therapy 2016; 86: 50-67.
16. Paulus DJ, Gallagher MW, Bartlett BA, Tran J, Vujanovic AA. The unique and interactive effects of anxiety sensitivity and emotion dysregulation in relation to posttraumatic stress, depressive, and anxiety symptoms among trauma-exposed firefighters. Comprehensive Psychiatry 2018; 84: 54-61.
17. Seçer I, Gülbahçe A, Ulas S. An Investigation into the Effects of Anxiety Sensitivity in Adolescents on Childhood Depression and Anxiety Disorder. Educational Research and Reviews 2019; 14(9): 293-9.
18. Delkhah Z, Alivandi Vafa M, Moheb N. The Relationship of Meaning in Life, Self-compassion, and Perceived Social Support With Fear of Aging: The Mediating Role of Spiritual Well-being. Salmand: Iranian Journal of Ageing 2024; 18 (4) :570-587.
19. Leahy RL. A model of emotional schemas. Cognitive and behavioral practice. 2002; 9(3): 177-90.
20. Khanzadeh Mu, Idrisi F, Mohammad Khani Sh, Saidian M. Examining the factor structure and psychometric characteristics of emotional schemas scale on students. Clinical Psychology Studies 2013; 3(11): 91-119. [Farsi]
21. Gillanders DT, Bolderston H, Bond FW, Dempster M, Flaxman PE, Campbell L, et al. The development and initial validation of the cognitive fusion questionnaire. Behavior Therapy 2014; 45(1): 83-101.
22. Akbari M, MohammadKhani SH, Zarghami F. The Mediating Role of Cognitive Fusion in Explaining the Relationship between Emotional Dysregulation with Anxiety and Depression: A Transdiagnostic Factor. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology 2016; 22(1): 17-29. [Farsi]
23. La Greca AM, Lopez N. Social anxiety among adolescents: Linkages with peer relations and friendships. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology 1998; 26: 83-94.
24. Ostvar S, Razavieh A. Examining the psychometric properties of the social anxiety scale for adolescents (SAS-A) for use in Iran. Psychological Methods and Models 2013; 3(12): 69-78.
25. Reiss S, Peterson RA, Gursky DM, McNally RJ. Anxiety sensitivity, anxiety frequency, and the prediction of fearfulness. Behavior Research and Therapy 1986; 24(1): 1-8.
26. Birami M, Akbari E, Qasimpour A, Azimi Z. Investigating anxiety sensitivity, meta-anxiety and emotional regulation components in students with clinical and normal social anxiety symptoms. Clinical Psychology Studies 2013; 2(8): 40-69. [Farsi]
27. Sirota NA, Moskovchenko DV, Yaltonsky VM, Yaltonskaya AV. The role of emotional schemas in anxiety and depression among Russian medical students. Psychology in Russia: State of the Art 2018; 11(4): 130-43.
28. Moghtader L, Shamloo M. The correlation of perceived social support and emotional schemes with students’ social anxiety. Journal of Holistic Nursing and Midwifery 2019; 29(2): 106-12.
29. Kozan Hİ, Arsalan C. Social Anxiety among College Students: Predictive Roles of Attachment Insecurity and Emotional Schemas. International Journal of Psychology and Educational Studies 2022; 9(1): 22-31.
30. Norton AR, Penney E, Abbott MJ. An exploratory investigation of schema modes in social anxiety disorder: Empirical findings and case conceptualization. Journal of Clinical Psychology. 2023;79(4):1021-38.
31. Cheng Q, Shi C, Yan C, Ren Z, Chan SH, Xiong S, et al. Sequential multiple mediation of cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance in the relationship between rumination and social anxiety among Chinese adolescents. Anxiety, Stress, & Coping 2022; 35(3): 354-64.
32. Soltani E, Hosseini Z, Naghizadeh P. Relationship between experiential avoidance and cognitive fusion to social interaction anxiety in students. Shiraz E-Medical Journal 2018; 19:(6) 1-5.
33. Sood M, Newman-Taylor K. Cognitive fusion mediates the impact of attachment imagery on paranoia and anxiety. Cognitive Therapy and Research 2020; 44: 1150-61.
34. Bardeen JR, Fergus TA. The interactive effect of cognitive fusion and experiential avoidance on anxiety, depression, stress and posttraumatic stress symptoms. Journal of Contextual behavioral Science 2016; 5(1): 1-6.
35. Sereflican B, Tuman TC, Tuman BA, Parlak AH. Type D personality, anxiety sensitivity, social anxiety, and disability in patients with acne: a cross-sectional controlled study. Postepy Dermatol Alergol 2019; 36(1): 51-7.
36. Brooke CM, Intrieri RC. The influence of anxiety sensitivity, & personality on social anxiety symptoms. Current Psychology 2023; 42(11): 79-92.
37. Alibakhshi Z, Solgi Z. Structural Equation Modeling Relationship between Symptoms of Social Anxiety Disorder Based on Early Maladaptive Schemas, Anxiety Sensitivity Components, and Perfectionism in Adolescents. International Journal of Behavioral Sciences 2022; 16(1): 9-16.
38. Leahy RL. Introduction: Emotional Schemas and Emotional Schema Therapy. International Journal of Cognitive Therapy 2019; 12(1): 1-4.
39. Khakpoor S, Saed O, Shahsavar A. The concept of “Anxiety sensitivity” in social anxiety disorder presentations, symptomatology, and treatment: A theoretical perspective. Cogent Psychology 2019; 6(1): 162-78.
40. Calvete E, Orue I, Hankin BL. Early maladaptive schemas and social anxiety in adolescents: The mediating role of anxious automatic thoughts. Journal of Anxiety Disorders 2013; 27(3): 278-88.
41. Anderberg L. Breaking the cognitive spell: Cognitive fusion mediates the relation of cognitive anxiety sensitivity and rumination in undergraduate college students. Honors Thesis 2021; 50-96.
42. Saulnier G, Allan P, Raines M, Schmidt B. Anxiety sensitivity cognitive concerns drive the relation between anxiety sensitivity and symptoms of depression. Cognitive Behaviour Therapy 2018; 47(6): 49507.
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
