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Evaluation of Toxicity Test on Infusible Platelet Membrane in Mice: A Short Report
S. Jafar-Gholizadeh, S. Nasiri, E. Mirabzadeh Ardakani, A. Seyfkordi,
Volume 13, Issue 11 (3-2015)
Abstract

Background and Objective: Blood platelet units are generally stored in blood banks for 3–5 days, afterwards they are discarded. Prepared infusible platelet membrane (IPM) from fresh or outdated human platelets correct the prolonged bleeding times in thrombocytopenic animals such as rabbits. Abnormal Toxicity is an European Pharmacopoeia standard for assessment of biological products and the test material is administered to the mice. In this study, abnormal toxicity of IPM was evaluated in experimental animal model such as mice.

Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, infusible platelet membrane (IPM) was prepared from outdated platelet concentrates. Platelet concentrates were pooled, disrupted by freeze-thaw procedure, pasteurized for 20 hours to inactivate the possible viral or bacterial contaminants with a sodium caprylate stabilizer, formulated by sucrose and human serum albumin and finally lyophilized. We injected 0.5 ml of IPM (2 mg/kg) intravenously into each 5 health mice, weighing 17-22 grams.

Results: According to the EU Pharmacopeia, the test will be passed if none of animals die during 24 hours after injection. If more than one animal dies, the preparation fails the test. If one of the animals just dies, the test is repeated. In our experiment all five mice were alive.

Conclusion: In this research the results showed that IPM as a platelet substitute is free of abnormal toxicity and safe and it may be used in human clinical trial studies as a feasible approach to develop a platelet substitute in the future. However, further studies are required to confirm the different aspects of its safety as well.

Key words: Infusible Platelet Membrane, Platelet Substitute, Toxicity

 

Funding: This research was funded by IBTO-Research Center.

Conflict of interest: None declared.

Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Tehran. Azad University, approved the study

 

How to cite this article: Jafar-Gholizadeh S, Nasiri S, Mirabzadeh Ardakani E, Seyfkordi A. Evaluation of Toxicity Test on Infusible Platelet Membrane in Mice: A Short Report J RafsanjanUniv Med Sci 2015 13(11): 1091-6. [Farsi]


Silymarin Antioxidant Effect on Ethanol-Induced Anxiety and Learning Impairments in Rats: An Experimental Study
Maryam Gholizadeh, Akbar Hajizadeh Moghaddam, Farhad Valizadehgan, Sedigheh Khanjani Jelodar,
Volume 22, Issue 6 (10-2023)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Ethanol has shown strong neurodegenerative consequences in brain that are associated with oxidative stress. The aim of this study was to investigate the effects of silymarin on oxidative stress, anxiety, and learning disorder induced by ethanol in rats.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 35 male Wistar rats with 200gr average weight were divided into five groups. The control group and four groups that received 4 gr/kg ethanol for 14 days. Three treatment groups were treated with doses of 50, 100, and 150 mg/kg silymarin for 14 days, respectively. Cognitive impairment and anxiety were assessed. The average activity of catalase and superoxide dismutase enzymes and glutathione (GSH) level in the hippocampus were also assessed. Data were analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Turkey’s post hoc test.
Results: Ethanol consumption significantly decreased the discrimination index (p<0.001), the percentage of open arm time (%OAT) (p<0.001), and the percentage of open arm entry (%OAE) (p=0.007) compared to the control group. Also, it reduced the activity of antioxidants catalase (p<0.001), superoxide dismutase (p=0.002), and glutathione level (p<0.001) compared to the control group, while silymarin consumption with dose 150 mg/kg significantly increased the discrimination index, OAE (p=0.022), and OAT (p=0.023) compared to the ethanol group. Also, it increased antioxidant activity of catalase (p=0.008), superoxide dismutase (p=0.030), and glutathione (p<0.001) compared to the ethanol group.
Conclusion: Silymarin may protect the hippocampus against behavioral disorder induced by ethanol consumption by increasing the level of antioxidants.
Key words: Silymarin, Cognitive impairment, Oxidative stress, Anxiety, Hippocampus, Rat

Funding: This study was funded by Mazandaran University.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Mazandaran University approved the study (IR.UMZ.REC.1400.012).


How to cite this article: Gholizadeh Maryam, Hajizadeh Moghaddam Akbar, Valizadegan Farhad, Khanjani Jelodar Sedigheh Silymarin Antioxidant Effect on Ethanol-Induced Anxiety and Learning Impairments in Rats: An Experimental Study. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2023; 22 (6): 555-66. [Farsi]
 
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