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Volume 1, Issue 4 (12-2002)
Differential Effects of The Right and Left Accumbens Nucleus InActivation on Retrieval of Memory in Rats
*A.A. Vafaei 1,Ph.D A. Rashidy-Pour 2,Ph.D M. Mantehgi 3,GP A. Jalal 4
A.A. Taherian5,MSc H. Miladi-Gorgi 5, MSc M. Jarrahi 5 MSc
1- Assistant professor, Dept. of Physiology, Univ. of Semnan Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
2- Associate professor, Dept. of Physiology, Univ. of Medical Sciences Semnan, Iran
3- General physician, Univ. of Semnan Medical Sciences Semnan, Iran
4- Medical Student, Univ. of Semnan Medical Sciences Semnan, Iran
5- Instructor, Dept. of Physiology, Univ. of Semnan Medical Sciences Semnan, Iran
Background:Extensive evidences indicate that the two hemispheres of brain are differentially involved in emotional memory and Accumbens Nucleus (AN) is a key subcortical structure involved in emotional experiences. The present work investigated possible lateralization of AN involvement in passive avoidance learning (PAL).
Materials and Methods:Male Wistar rats were surgically implanted bilaterally with cannulae aimed at the AN were trained to Place avoidance learning by mild footshock. They received one trial PAT (1 milliam pere 3s) foot shock. Retention was tested 2, 4 and 6 days after the training. One hour before retention test bilateral or unilateral injections of Tetrodotoxin (5 ng/0.6ml in each) were used to temporarily inactivate the AN during retrieval of the passive avoidance task. Control rats were injected with the same volume of saline.
Results:The data indicated that bilateral or only right AN 2 and 4 days after training significantly impaired retrieval memory(p<0/01). But in activation of the left AN 6 days after training had no significant effect.
Conclusion:The results of this study suggest that the right and left AN has different contribution to the expression of memory and that the contribution of the right AN may be more important to the expression and retention of memory for the passive avoidance task.
Keywords: Tetrodotoxin, Accumbens Nucleus, Memory, Passive avoidance Learning, Inactivation Place avoidance learning (PAL), Retention memory, rats, Tetrodotoxin (TTX),
Corresponding author/tell: (231)3332080
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Health and Medical Sciences 2002 1(4):224-231
Volume 2, Issue 1 (6-2003)
Effect of Dexamethasone and Swimming Stress on Pain Modulation by Two Pain Assessment Methods in Albino Mice.
A.A.Taherian1*, A.A. Vafaie2, A. Rashidy pour3, H. Miladi gorgi1, M. Jarrahi 1
1-Academic Member, Deptartment of Physiology, University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
2-Assistant Professor, Deptartment of Physiology, University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
3-Associate professor, Deptartment of Physiology, University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
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Background: Previous findings have indicated that glucocorticoids may have an important role in the modulation of acute and chronic pain. The present work investigated the effect of acute stress and dexamethasone (as a glucocorticoids, agonist) on acute pain by two assessment methods (Hot Plate and Tail Flick) in Albino mice.
Materials and Methods: In this experiment 60 Albino mice (25-30g) were divided into 6 groups. The animals were given 2 days to adapt to the experiment,s condition.Tail flick and Hot plate tests were used for evaluation of analgesic effect of the drug and stress. Dexamethasone( 0.5, 1 and 2 mg/kg) as an agonist of glucocorticoids and saline were
injected 3 minutes before the test or before the animals received stress by swiming in cold water (18 - 22ºc).The sign of pain was movement of tail in tail flick and grooming in hot plate.
Results : The findings of this study indicated that the stress of cold water�and Dexamethasone (0.5 and 1mg/kg) have reduced the animals, responses to pain stimulants in both methods significantly (p<0.01). The effect of 2mg/kg Dexamethasone was not significant whereas the effects of stress alone were more than Dexamethasone.
Conclusion: The present data showed that stress and the activation of glucocorticoids, receptors reduce the acute pain. To undrestand the analgesic mechanisms of stress and glucocorticoids, further studies remain to be accomplished.
Keywords: Glucocorticoid receptors, Pain , Stress ,Tail flick, Hot plate , Albino mice
*Corresponding author, tel: (0231) 3332080-82
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, 2002, 2(1) : 45- 51Volume 3, Issue 4 (12-2004)
Effect of Aqueous Extract of the Coriandrum Sativum Seed on the Reduction of Acute and Chronic Pain in M ice
AA. Taherian MD ¹*, A. Rashidy-Pour PhD 2 , AA. Vafaei PhD 3 , M. Jarrahi MSc 4 , H. Miladi-Gorgi MSc 4 , M. Emami-Abarghooii PharmD 4 , H. Sadeghi BSc 5
1- Academic Member, Dept. of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
2- Associated Professor, Dept. of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
3 – Assistant Professore, Dept. of Physiology, Faculty of Medicine, Semnan University of Medical Sciences, Semnan Iran
4- Academic Member, Dept. of Physiology, University of Medical Sciences, Semnan, Iran
5- BSc, Dept of Physiology, Faculty of Medical Sciences, Semnan Iran
Background: Previous investigations have shown that Coriandrum Sativum (CS) extract probably modulates pain in human and animal. The aim of this investigation was assessment of the role of CS on acute and chronic pain by formalin test in mice.
Materials and Methods: In this study, 35 male albino mice in 5 groups (25-30g) were used. CS extract (100, and 200mg/kg), or saline were injected intera-peritoneal (IP) 30 mins before the formalin test. Indices of signs of pain were licking and foot elevation for assessment of acute pain (5 min), and chronic pain (15-40 min) after the injection of formalin 5% (25µl) in the right paw.
Reasults: Results showed that although CS extract has analgesic effect in both doses in acute and chronic pain, (p<0.01) but higher doses is more effective, where as 100mg/kg reduced the acute and chronic pain 0.82 but for 200mg/kg it was 0.91.
Conclusion: Findings of this study indicated that CS extract can modulate acute and chronic pain induced by formalin injection. Further research is required to determine the mechanisms by which CS has an inhibitory effect on pain sensation.
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Key words: Acute and Chronic Pain, Coriandrum Sativum, Formalin Test, Mice
* Corresponding author:Tel: (0231)3328426 , Fax:0231-3331551,E-mail: Taherian99@yahoo.com
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, 2004, 3(4): 243-249
Volume 5, Issue 4 (12-2006)
The Effect of Dexamethasone on Anxiety Related Behavior in Mice A.A. Vafaei PhD , H. Miladi-Gorgi MSc , A.A. Taherian MD2, A. Rashidy-Pour PhD Received: 08/05/06 Sent for Revision: 05/10/06 Received Revised Manuscript: 12/11/06 Accepted: 14/12/06 Background and Objective: Previous studies have suggested that activation of the glucocorticoid receptors may have a modulatory effect on fear and anxiety. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the role of glucocorticoid hormones on modulation of anxiety in elevated plus-maze model in mice. Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, 60 male mice (25-30 g) were included. They were randomely divided into test and control groups. The test group received different doses of dexamethasone, as an agonist of glucocorticoid receptors, at 0.1, 0.3, 1, 2 and 10 mg/kg, Subcutaneausly, and the control group received the same volume of 2% ethanol in normal saline 30 minutes before the evaluation of their behavior. Twenty five minutes after the injection, the mice were put in a black box for 5 minutes to induce their activity and stress. The animals were then individually transferred to a standard elevated pluse-maze in regulated time and the percentage of time spent in the open arms and the ratio of open arm entries to total entries in 5 mins was measured. Results: Results indicated that dexamethasone with the doses 0.3 and 1mg/kg, significantly reduced anxiety in mice (p<0.01). However, this effect was not observed at 0.1 and 2mg/kg. Our findings also showed that denamechasone at the dose of 10 mg/kg increased anxiety behavior in mice (p<0.01). Conclusion: The findings of this study indicated that glucocorticoids have important role in modulation of anxiety related behavior in a dose dependent manner using an elevated plus maze model in mice. Key words: Anxiety, Glucocorticoids, Dexamethasone, Mice
Volume 12, Issue 12 (3-2014)
Background and Objective: Candida species are an important
component of the resident microbial ecology of the oral cavity and are
associated with various forms of oral candidosis when appropriate predisposing
factors exist. Removable denture wearing is recognized as a predisposing factor
for oral colonization by Candida species. The purpose of this study was to
compare the colonization of different Candida
species in the oral
cavity of denture wearers and subjects with natural teeth.
Materials
and Methods: In this cross sectional study,
conducted in 2009, we compared oral
candida flora in 84 subjects who had worn complete removable dentures and
96 subjects with natural teeth referred to Imam Khomeini hospital in Tehran were compared. All samples were obtained from
oral cavity by swab and cultured on CHOROM agar Candida. All isolated colonies were also
cultured on cornmeal agar medium and non-albicans
species were
identified by using RapID Yeast Plus System. The statistical analysis was
performed using t-test and Poisson test.
Results:
In this study 76.2% (n=64) of subjects
with
removable denture and 47.9% (n=46) of subjects
natural teeth were colonized by candida species in the oral cavity (p=0.001).
The most common isolated species were candida albicans and non-albicans species were C. glabrata, C. krusei, C.
tropicalis and C.
kefyr in the two groups. The differences between oral candida
albicans colonization in denture wearers (64.3% or 54
subjects) and subjects whit natural teeth(39.6% or 38 subjects)
were statistically significant (p=0.001).
Conclusion: Removable denture
wearing can
lead to an increase in the oral
colonization by Candida species. Therefore, oral cavity may become a source
for opportunistic infections.
Key
words: Candida,
Candidiasis, Denture
Funding:
This research
was funded by Tehran University of Medical Sciences.
Conflict
of interest: None
declared.
Ethical
approval: The
Ethics committee of Tehran University of Medical Sciences approved the study.
How to cite this article:
Taheri Sarvtin M, Zand Parsa AF, Kordbacheh P, Hashemi SJ, Mahmoudi M, Daie R,
Ayatollahi Mousavi SA. A Comparison of Candida Colonization in the Oral Cavity
of Removeable Denture Wearers and Individuals with Natural Teeth: A Short
Report. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2014 12(12): 1025-32. [Farsi]
Volume 14, Issue 2 (5-2015)
Background
and Objective: The
office employees constitute a large proportion of employed people and most of
the work time behind the desks, therefore, it seems necessary to follow some
comprehensive and standardized programs to provide their health. The aim of
this study was to assess the effects of morning exercises on the quality of
life of health center staff.
Materials
and Methods: This
educational trial study were assessed among 140 staff in Arak Health Center.
Data were obtained using a quality of life‘s questionnaire (SF36). For data analysis, it was used descriptive
and analytical statistics
(t-paired and t-test).
Results: Considering the morning exercise
program, the quality of life score among the subjects in the test group has
significantly increased compared to the previous scores measured before the
morning exercises (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Findings revealed that the
accurate, regular and well-organized execution of the morning program across
Iran may play an important role to promote the quality of life among Iranian
employees.
Key
words: Morning exercise,
Quality of life, Staff, Education
Funding: This research was funded by Arak
University of Medical Sciences.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical
approval: The
Ethics Committee of Arak University of Medical Sciences approved the study.
How
to cite this article: Navidi I, Ghofranipour F, Taheri Z,
Khorsandi M. The Effect of Morning
Exercise on Quality of Life among Health Center Staff in Arak City :A Short Report J
RafsanjanUniv Med Sci 2014 14(2):
161-66. [Farsi]
Volume 14, Issue 4 (6-2015)
Background
and Objective: Pregnancy is a major event in a woman's life that can bring a lot of
stress for her. Fear of childbirth is a common problem
for pregnant women. This fear can be a predictor
of caesarean section in them. This study aimed
to investigate the causes of fear of childbirth in pregnant
women in Shahrekord.
Materials
and Methods: This
descriptive-cross-sectional study was performed on 130 pregnant women referred
to health
centers in Shahrekord city. Fear of Childbirth Questionnaire was
used to collect the data. For data analysis, it was used descriptive and analytical
statistics (Pearson's correlation coefficient and t-test).
Results:
The results
showed that, the main cause of fear of childbirth in pregnant women was fear of
painful injections during labor. The mean score for fear of delivery in multiparous
women was significantly greater than the nulliparous women (p<0.001).
Conclusions:
Concerningthe
increase of caesarean rates, it is important that health care providers pay more
attention to the causes of this fear.
Key words: Fear, Childbirth, pregnant woman
Funding: This research was funded by Isfahan
University of Medical Sciences.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical
approval: The
Ethics Committee of Esfahan University of Medical Sciences approved the study.
How to cite this article: Taheri Z, Khorsandi M, Amiri M,
Hasanzade A. Investigating the Causes of Fear
of Childbirth in
Shahrekord Pregnant Women, in 2013: A Short
Report. J RafsanjanUniv Med Sci 2015
14(4):
345-50. [Farsi]
Volume 15, Issue 3 (6-2016)
Background and Objectives: Nowadays, the excessive use of antibiotics has caused bacteria to develop new resistant forms, so that discovering bioactive antimicrobial compounds has been considered by researchers. The aim of this study was to evaluate the antibacterial effect of ethyl acetate extract of red algae (Gelidiella acerosa) on some gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria in laboratory conditions.
Materials and methods: In this in vitro study, 4 different concentrations of 10-80 mg/ml of ethyl acetate extracts were tested on 3 strains of gram-positive bacteria (Lactoccocus garviae، Listeria monocytogenes ,and Staphylococcus aureus) and 4 strains of gram-negative bacteria (Escherichia coli, Klebsiella pneumoniae، Proteus vulgaris, and Photobacterium damselae), using disc diffusion technique and measuring growth inhibition zone. The results were compared with two standard antibiotics. In this study, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) test was conducted using serial dilutions method. One-way ANOVA was used to compare the mean differences among the different groups, and Duncan’s test was used to determine the mean differences between pairs of groups.
Results: In this study, K. pneumoniae bacteria showed more sensitivity against algae extract with a growth inhibition zone diameter of 12.50±1.33 mm at concentration of 80 mg/ml, which was significant (p<0.05) compared to the tetracycline antibiotic and the other concentrations, although it was not significant compared to the neomycin antibiotic (p>0.05).
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the ethyl acetate extract of red algae (Gelidiella acerosa) , in laboratory conditions, has greater antibacterial effect on K. pneumoniae, E. coli, L. garviae and P. damsella microrganisms.
Keywords: Antibacterial effect, Ethyl acetate extract, Red algae
Funding: This study was partially funded by Chabahar University of Maritime and Marine Sciences.
Conflict of interests: None declared.
Ethical Approval: The Ethics Committee of Chabahar University of Maritime and Marine Sciences approved the study.
How to cite this article: Ghaffari M, Taheri A, Zobeidinezhad M. In vitro Evaluation of Antibacterial Effect of Ethyl Acetate Extract of Red Algae (Gelidiella acerosa) on Some Gram-positive and Gram-negative Bacteria J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2016; 15(3): 209-22. [Farsi]
Volume 15, Issue 5 (9-2016)
Background and Objectives: Diabetes is a chronic and progressive disease that due to its nature, it needs the cooperation of patient in the treatment process. This disease has been developed with industrialization and urbanization. Patient empowerment program is an effective program to improve the function of patients with diabetes. The purpose of this study, was the evaluation of empowerment-based interventions in patients with diabetes.
Materials and Methods: We conducted a comprehensive overview in internatioanl and Iranian databases including Science Direct, PubMed, Cochrane library, Scopus, Iranmedex,and Google Scholar with the keywords of “empowerment”, “empowerment approach”, “empowerment program”, “patient empowerment”, “empowerment and diabetes” and “diabetic patients” from 2000 to 2014. After considering inclusion and exclusion criteria, 16 articles were selected.
Results: The results indicated that there was a lack of existence of a theoretical framework of empowerment, lack of attention to all dimensions of empowerment and the impact of demographic variables on empowerment of patients, and lack of programme follow- up.
Conclusion: Due to the limitations specified in empowerment interventions, it is suggested that interventions in diabetic patients should pay attention to all dimensions of empowerment.
Key words: Empowerment, Diabetes, Review, Patient
Funding: This research was funded by Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences approved the study.
How to cite this article: Taheri Z, Khorsandi M, Taheri Z, Ghafari M, Amiri M. Empowerment-based interventions in patients with diabetes: A review study J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2016; 15(5): 452-68. [Farsi]
Volume 15, Issue 10 (1-2017)
Background and Objective: In recent years, wastewater textile treatment is of special importance due to the potential toxicity,cancer activity, and mutagens. The purpose of this study was evaluation of the removal of Remazol Black B (RBB) dyes from aqueous solution by chitosan.
Materials and Methods: This laboratory study carried out on synthetic wastewater to assess the effect of factors such as pH (4- 10), contact time (2-186 min), adsorbent dosage (0.25- 1 g/L) and dye concentration (30- 60 mg/L) on the removal of RBB Finally, Excel 2007 and ISOFIT (ISOtherm FItting Tool) software were used to analyze data and adsorption isotherm data, respectively.
Results: The results showed that dye removal efficiency decreased with increasing pH, so that the maximum amount of dye removal (83%) was obtained in pH=4. Increasing the contact time of 2 to 66 minutes, dye removal efficiency with initial concentration 30 mg/L from 43% to 85% increases and then reaches an approximate constant value. Our results showed that by increasing the adsorbent dosage, removal efficiency increases and by increasing concentration dye, removal efficiency decreases. Adsorption isotherm data showed that the results of this study match better with GLF (Generalized Langmuir-Freundlich) model.
Conclusion: According to the results, chitosan can be used as an effective adsorbent for the removal of RBB dye in the textile industry wastewater or water contaminated with the dye.
Keywords: Chitosan, Dye removal, Remazol Black B (RBB), Aqueous solution
Funding: This study was funded by research deputy of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences approval the study.
How to cite this article: Kamranifar M, Rezaei A, Taheri E, Mengelizadeh N, Pourzamani HR.The Removal Efficiency of Remazol Black B (RBB) Textile Dyes by Chitosan Adsorbent from Aqueous Solutions. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2017; 15(10): 929-42. [Farsi]
Volume 16, Issue 8 (11-2017)
Background and Objectives: Marine algae are one of the natural resources which produce a wide range of new secondary metabolites with various biological activities such as antitumor and anticancer properties. The present study was conducted in order to evaluate the invitro cytotoxic effect of marine algae Gelidiella acerosa organic extracts against breast (MCF-7) and colorectal (HT-29) cancer cell lines.
Materials and Methods: In this laboratory study, cell lines of breast (MCF-7) and colorectal (HT-29) were cultured in RPMI medium with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS). The cytotoxic effect of different concentrations (125, 250, 500 ,and 1000 μg/ml) of algae extracts cultured cells were evaluated by MTT (3-(4, 5-dimethyl-2-thiazolyl)-2, 5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) and trypan blue assay. DNA fragmentation activity of the cells was evaluated by the 2% agarose gel after cell culturing by the different concentration of the algae extracts, trypsination ,and precipitation by RNAase. Data were analyzed using one-way ANOVA followed by Tukey post hoc test.
Results: Survival of cancer cells in both methods was inversely correlated with the concentration and the percentage of survival decreased with increasing concentration. Concentration of 1000 µg/ml of methanol extract showed the greatest effect compared with the controls (p<0.05). The methanolic extract LC50 (Lethal Concentration 50) on colorectal and breast cancer cells was 724.48±25.52 and 845.36±41.05 µg/ml, respectively. Also, methanolic extract of algae was able to fragment the DNA of cancer cells and induce apoptosis dose dependent (p<0.05).
Conclusion: In this study, results showed seaweed extract can be the basis for further studies in order to recognize the chemical compounds of the extracts. Also, after invivo, preclinical, and clinical studies the extract can be used in food and pharmaceutical industries.
Key words: Cytotoxicity, MTT assay, Marine algae, Apoptosis, Breast cancer, Colorectal cancer
Funding: This study was funded by the Iranian Science, Research ,and Technology Ministry for Research number 3.82601.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: The Ethical Committee of Chabahar Maritime University approved the study.
How to cite this article: Bavi Z, Ghaffari M, Taheri A, Soheili F. The Cytotoxic Effect of Chabahar Coast Marine Algae Gelidiella Acerosa Organic Extracts on Breast (MCF-7) and Colorectal (HT-29) Cancer Cell Lines. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2017; 16(8): 757-68. [Farsi]
Volume 18, Issue 4 (6-2019)
Background and Objectives: Since the myofascial pain syndrome is a common condition in the trapezius muscle, the present study aimed to determine and compare the effects of laser therapy, exercise and medication among patients diagnosed with myofascial pain syndrome of the upper trapezius muscle, referred to the clinics of physical medicine in Isfahan in 2013.
Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial study, 44 patients were randomly assigned to an exercise-medication treatment group (24 individuals) and a laser-exercise-medication treatment group (20 individuals). Symptoms were assessed based on Visual Analogue Scale ( VAS) , Neck Disability Index (NDI), and Shoulder Pain and Disability Index (SPDI) in three stages including before treatment, subsequently after treatment and one month after treatment. Independent t-test and repeated measures ANOVA were used to analyze the statistical data.
Results: A significant difference was found among the studied groups before and after starting treatment for VAS, NDI and SPDI indices (p<0.001). However, laser therapy provided a higher effect on VAS in comparison with the control group subsequently after treatment (p=0.032). Nevertheless, evaluation after one month from treatment did not show a significant difference in the 2 treatment methods for the three indices (p>0.05).
Conclusion: According to the results, exercise-medication therapy and laser-exercise-medication therapy may result in similar effects for relieving pain and eliminating symptoms in patients with myofascial pain syndrome in long-term, but subsequently after treatment, laser-exercise-medication therapy provides a higher effect on VAS.
Key words: Exercise therapy, Drug therapy, Laser therapy, Myofascial pain syndrome
Funding: This study was funded by Isfahan University of Medical Sciences.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences approved the study (392364).
How to cite this article: Taheri P, Vahdatpour B , Andalib S, Baradaran Mahdavi S. The Effect of Low-Level Laser Therapy, Exercise Therapy and Medication on Myofascial Pain Syndrome of Upper Trapezius: A Clinical Trial Study. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2019; 18 (4): 365-76. [Farsi]
Volume 18, Issue 10 (1-2020)
Background and Objectives: Exposure to welding gases can cause problems and illnesses. Therefore, the aim of this study was to determine the pulmonary, renal and hepatic status of welders in Rafsanjan city.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was carried out on 78 welders in Rafsanjan city in 2018. To examine the pulmonary, renal and hepatic status of welders, besides using a checklist, a total of 43 participants got laboratory tests, and the results were reported as descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, number and percent).
Results: According to the checklist data, 17 (21.8%) of welders had at least one respiratory problem, 10 (12.8%) of welders had kidney disease, and one of them had liver disease. Also, aspartate aminotransferase of 2 participants (4.6%) and alanine aminotransferase 7 participants (16.2%) were higher than normal. 6 participants (35.3%) from those who had respiratory problems and 30 participants (35.3%) from those who had not respiratory problems reported using mask.
Conclusion: According to the results, welders' use of mask seems to be effective in reducing respiratory problems, although this finding was not statistically significant.
Key words: Welding, Pulmonary disease, Renal disease, Hepatic disease, Rafsanjan
Funding: This research was funded by Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: The Study was approved by Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences (IR.rums.REC.1394.134.)
How to cite this article: Taheri Fard A, Ahmadinia H, Kafi M, Sheikh Fathollahi M, Ghaffarian A, Rezaeian M. The Study of Pulmonary, Renal and Hepatic Status in Door and Window Welders in Rafsanjan in 2018: A Short Report. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2020; 18 (10): 1065-72. [Farsi]
Volume 20, Issue 7 (10-2021)
Background and Objectives: Relapse of substance use with negative physical and psychosocial consequences has become a public health concern worldwide. The present study aimed to model the relapse of substance use based on risky decision making, attentional bias, and reward sensitivity with the mediating role of craving.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, the statistical population included all men with substance use disorder (methamphetamine use) who were quitting in 2019 and had referred to addiction treatment camps in Ardabil. A sample of 172 of these individuals was selected by convenience sampling method and answered the questionnaires of relapse prediction, reward sensitivity, short scale craving, balloon analogue risk task (BART), and Dot-Probe test. Data were analyzed using structural equation modeling.
Results: The results showed that the path coefficients of the risky decision making to craving (β=0.21, p=0.002) and relapse (β=0.30, p=0.001), attentional bias to craving (β=0.29, p=0.004), reward sensitivity to craving (β=0.15, p=0.041), and relapse (β=0.21, p=0.006) are significant in the model under review. But the path coefficients of attentional bias to relapse was not significant (β=0.14, p=113). Craving also mediated the relationship between risky decision-making, attentional bias, and reward sensitivity.
Conclusion: According to the results, risky decision making, attentional bias, reward sensitivity, and mediating role of craving can be used to predict the relapse of substance use. Therefore, it is suggested that addiction specialists use the results of the present study in their treatment programs and counseling.
Key words: Relapse, Risky decision making, Attentional bias, Reward sensitivity, Craving
Funding: This study was funded by Iran National Science Foundation with number 98021820.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences approved the study (IR.ARUMS.REC.1398.246).
How to cite this article: Taherifard M, Basharpoor S, Hajloo N, Narimani M, AlizadehGoradel J. Modeling Substance Use Relapse Based on Risky Decision Making, Attentional Bias, and Reward Sensitivity: with the Mediating Role of Craving: A Descriptive Study. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2021; 20 (7): 747-66. [Farsi]
Volume 20, Issue 7 (10-2021)
Background and Objectives: Although breast milk is a complete food for the newborn development, it can also be an important route for the exposure to lead. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to explore the status of lead in Iranian mothers’ milk, and also to identify its affecting factors.
Materials and Methods: In the present systematic review, the databases including PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scientific Information Database (SID), Iran Medex, and Magiran were searched to find the relevant articles upto 2020. After completing the search, the articles were evaluated according to a pre-prepared checklist.
Results: A total of 10 studies were included in our study according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The highest mean of lead concentration in milk was related to mothers living in Hamadan and Tehran provinces, while the lowest was related to Kordestan province. Among the factors studied, maternal age, parity, employment, and the use of lipstick were significantly related to concentration of lead in breast milk.
Conclusion: It seems that increasing health care to reduce the exposure of pregnant and lactating mothers to lead should be seriously pursued by health policy-makers. It is also necessary to conduct more extensive studies to clarify the situation of infants exposed to lead through breast milk in the other areas of the country.
Key words: Lead, Toxic metals, Breast milk, Iran
Funding: This study did not have any funds.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: Not applicable.
How to cite this article: Ghaffarian Bahraman A, Taherifard AR, Rezaeian M. Status of Lead in Iranian Mothers' Milk: A Systematic Review. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2021; 20 (7): 817-34. [Farsi]
Volume 21, Issue 1 (4-2022)
Background and Objectives: Medical students are considered a high-risk group for COVID-19 anxiety due to their health and medical activities. The aim of this study was to determine the level of anxiety caused by the COVID-19 epidemic among medical students in rafsanjan.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 400 students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences were selected by regular stratified sampling and participated in the study. The data collection tool was a standard questionnaire. Data were analyzed using independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance, and non-parametric Kruskal-Wallis test.
Results: 228 (57%) were girls and the rest were boys. 29% (116 people) had a history of corona. 62.3% (249 people) of family members or relatives of participants had a history of infection or death due to corona. 25.3% (101 people) of the participants were active in the field of corona control. The mean scores of anxiety and psychological and physical subscales were 12.97±8.03, 10.06±5.07, and 2.91±3.69, respectively.
Conclusion: The results of the study indicated that there was anxiety among students. The reasons were more exposure to patients, contaminated work environment, wearing protective clothing and masks, and fear of contamination of oneself and family. Greater awareness of the disease, access to personal protective equipment, and vaccination are strategies that can be effective in reducing anxiety.
Key words: Anxiety, COVID-19 pandemic, Students, Rafsanjan University of medical sciences
Ethical approval: This study was approved by the ethics committee of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences.
Funding: Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
Conflict of interest: None declared.
How to cite this article: Rahmani Abdollah, Ahmadinia Hassan, Hamzeh Sina, Taheri Fard Alireza, Rezaeian Mohsen. A Survey of Anxiety Caused by COVID-19 Pandemic Among Students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences in 2021: A Descriptive Study. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2022; 21 (1): 91-108. [Farsi]
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