Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences

---

Background and Objective: Acid Black 1 dye due to the presence of benzene ring, toxicity, mutagenicity, carcinogenicity and non-degradability is one of the major dangers for human health and environment especially aquatic life. Hence, the removal of these compounds from polluted water and wastewater has been considered. This study has been investigated the removal of acid black1 azo dye from aqueous solution in the presence of SiO₂, CuSO₄ and Na₂SO_4.

Materials and Methods: In this experimental study the treatability of effluent polluted with reactive acid black 1 dye was investigated by using sonochemical oxidation in a reactor. The sample with the desired concentrations of dye (200-400 mg/L) in pH= 3-11 was prepared, also the required concentrations of silica, copper sulfate and sodium sulfate (25 to 100 mg/L) and S₂O₈^2- (1 to 10 mM/L) were flowed into the reactor intermittently. Ferrous sulfate as a source of ion (1 to 10 mM/L) was used.

Results: The results have showed that 100% of the dye after 45 min at pH 3, 7.5 mM/L persulfate and concentration of 100 mg/ L in presence of 3 additives was removed. The dye removal in above condition decreased to 89.89% without the presence of additives. Also, the results showed that increasing the concentration of persulfate more than 10 mM/L no effect of removal of efficiency and the removal of the 64.56 percent decline.

Conclusion:The findings showed the combined process of ultrasonic and persulfate with the presence of 3 additives in optimal conditions of operation can be used as an acceptable option in the removal of dye in various industrial wastewater. 

Key words: Removal of acid black 1 dye, Sonochemical process, Additive, Aqueous solution

 

Funding: This research was funded by Hamadan University of Medical Sciences.

Conflict of Interest: None declared.

Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Hamadan University of Medical Sciences approved the study

 

How to cite this article: Rahmani AR, Masoumi Z, Shabanlo A, Akbari S, Zolghadr nasab H, Almasi H. Investigation of Sonochemical Oxidation Process in the Presence of SiO₂, CuSO₄ and Na₂SO₄ in Removal of Acid Black1 Azo Dye from Aqueous Solution J RafsanjanUniv Med Sci 2015 13(10): 1115-28. [Farsi]

---

Background and Objective: Methylene blue (MB) is one of the cationic dyes whose presence in textile industries wastewater can be hazardous for ecological systems as well as general health due to aromatic features. The present study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of electrocoagulation (EC) and electro-fenton (EF) processes at decoloration of MB dye from aqueous solutions using iron electrode.

Materials and Methods: This research is a laboratory study carried out as pilot in library scale in the first half of 2014 in Environmental Health Engineering Research Center of Kerman Medical Sciences University. The reactor with general volume of 500 ml containing two Fe-Fe plate electrodes (15×2 cm) connected to a ] direct current: (DC) [power supply was used for decoloration of MB dye. The effects of different factors such as contact time, dye concentration, Hydrogen Peroxide concentration (for EF process), used energy, electrolyte, optimal pH, and inter electrode distance were investigated. Data were analyzed using two-way ANOVA.

Results: The average efficiency rate of removing MB through EC in optimal conditions (with primary dye concentration of 25 mg/L, pH=7, current density=50 mA, contact time=30 min, inter electrode distance=1 cm) was 93.3%±1.3%, and the removing efficiency rate of EF in optimal conditions (with primary hydrogen peroxide concentration of 100 mmol/L, the primary dye concentration=25 mg/L, pH=5, current density=0.05 A, contact time=30 min, inter electrode distance=1 cm) was obtained 78.9%±0.1% (p=0.003).

Conclusion: The results showed that both EC and EF methods were effective in removal of MB dye from aqueous solutions however, with optimization of effective operational factors, EC method could be more efficient.

Key words: Electro-coagulation, Electro-fenton, Methylene blue dye removal, Iron electrode, Aqueous solutions

Funding: This study was funded by research deputy of Kerman University of Medical Sciences.

Conflict of interest: None declared.

Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Kerman University of Medical Sciences approved the study.

How to cite this article: Malakootian M, Nabavian MR. The Study of the Performance of Electrocoagulation in Comparison to Electro-Fenton Processes at Decoloration of Methylene Blue Dye from Aqueous Solutions Using Iron Electrode. J RafsanjanUniv Med Sci 2015 14(9): 755-68. [Farsi]

---

Background and Objective: The percence of organic compounds resistant to biodegradation has become one of the most important environmental challenges in the chemical and petrochemical industry in this century. Phenol or hydroxyl benzene as an aromatic hydrocarbon discharged into the environment through certian industrial effluents which, thereby, pollutes water resources. This study examined the performance evalution of oxidizing agents of peroxide hydrogen, persulfate and periodate activated by ultrasound for removal of phenol from aqueous solutions.

Materials and Methods: In this experimental study, the treatability of polluted effluent using US/S₂O₈, US/IO₄ and US/H₂O₂ with a frequency of 40 kHz for the treatment of contaminated aqueous phenolic compounds were investigated. The effects of operational parameters such as the concentration amount of persulfate(0.001-0.005 M), peroxide hydrogen (0.004-0.1M),and periodate (0.001-0.005 M),, in different contact times in pH of (3,7 and 10) and the impact of changes in the ionic strength in the contact times were selected as the variables of the study.

Results: The results of this study showed that increasing the concentration of oxidation significantly increases the removal efficiency and then a decreasing trend was observed in the removal of phenol. So that, optimal concentration of persulfate, periodate,and hydrogen peroxide were selected as 0.003M 0.004M 0.1 M/l, respectively. Study of different changes of pH showed that all three processes had the most removal efficiency at pH= 3 and ionic strength has reduced the US/S₂O₈ process efficiency and had no effect on the other processes.

Conclusion: The results of this study indicated that combined ultrasonic and persulfate process in the optimal conditions had the highest efficiency compared to the other processes. Therefore, persulfate can be used as a good oxidizer together with ultrasonic waves to remove phenol in aqueous solutions.

Key words: Aqueous solutions, Oxidant agents, Ultrasound wave, Phenol Removal

Funding: This research was funded by Hamedan University of Medical Science.

Conflict of interest: None declared.

Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Hamedan University of Medical Sciences approved the study.

How to cite this article: Almasi H, Asgari Gh, Leili M, Sharifi Z, Seid-Mohammadi A. The Study of Phenol Removal from Aqueous Solutions Using Oxidizing Agents of Peroxide Hydrogen, Persulfate and Periodate Activated by Ultrasound

J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2016; 15(9): 835-48. [Farsi]

---

Background and Objective: In recent years, wastewater textile treatment is of special importance due to the potential toxicity,cancer activity, and mutagens. The purpose of this study was evaluation of the removal of Remazol Black B (RBB) dyes from aqueous solution by chitosan.

Materials and Methods: This laboratory study carried out on synthetic wastewater to assess the effect of factors such as pH (4- 10), contact time (2-186 min), adsorbent dosage (0.25- 1 g/L) and dye concentration (30- 60 mg/L) on the removal of RBB Finally, Excel 2007 and ISOFIT (ISOtherm FItting Tool) software were used to analyze data and adsorption isotherm data, respectively.

Results: The results showed that dye removal efficiency decreased with increasing pH, so that the maximum amount of dye removal (83%) was obtained in pH=4. Increasing the contact time of 2 to 66 minutes, dye removal efficiency with initial concentration 30 mg/L from 43% to 85% increases and then reaches an approximate constant value. Our results showed that by increasing the adsorbent dosage, removal efficiency increases and by increasing concentration dye, removal efficiency decreases. Adsorption isotherm data showed that the results of this study match better with GLF (Generalized Langmuir-Freundlich) model.

Conclusion: According to the results, chitosan can be used as an effective adsorbent for the removal of RBB dye in the textile industry wastewater or water contaminated with the dye.

Keywords: Chitosan, Dye removal, Remazol Black B (RBB), Aqueous solution

Funding: This study was funded by research deputy of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences.

Conflict of interest: None declared.

Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Isfahan University of Medical Sciences approval the study.

How to cite this article: Kamranifar M, Rezaei A, Taheri E, Mengelizadeh N, Pourzamani HR.The Removal Efficiency of Remazol Black B (RBB) Textile Dyes by Chitosan Adsorbent from Aqueous Solutions. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2017; 15(10): 929-42. [Farsi]

---

Background and Objective: Chromium (Cr6+) is a heavy metal which is present in industries sewages likecladding, mining, and in various concentrations. Cr6+ compared with Cr3+ is so toxic, carcinogenic,and mutagenic. Thus the aim of this study was to evaluate the efficiency of 3 types of grape seeds in adsorbing Cr6+ from aqueous solutions and determining its isotherms and kinetics.

Materials and Methods: This was an experimental study. The seeds of the three types of grapes were used as adsorbent. In this study the effects of different variables such as pH, initial chromium concentration, adsorbent dosage, and contact time were studied in a batch system. Measuring the concentration of hexavalent chromium was performed using a spectrophotometer at 540 nm.

Results: The results showed that the removal efficiency decreases with increasing pH and contact time. Alternatively, by increasing adsorbent dosage, efficiency increases for 3types of adsorbents. So that all three types of adsorbents in dosage of 0.3 mg showed 80% removal efficiency Also in the initial chromium concentration, using adsorbent in dosage of 0.2 mg/L in the pH = 3,  the obtained efficiency was more than 80% for each absorbent.

Conclusion: According to the results, the grape seeds can be effective adsorbents for the removal of hexavalent chromium from their aquatic environment. Likewise using this adsorbent is much easier and cheaper comparedwith many other natural and artificial adsorbents, which marks its priority.

 

Key words: Grape seeds, Aqueous solution, Cr6+, Adsorption.

How to cite this article: Zazouli M.A, Ghorbanpour R. The Efficiency of Grape Seeds in Removal of Hexavalent Chromium from Aqueous Solutions. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2017; 15(10): 1039-48. [Farsi]

---

Background and Objective: Hexavalent chromium (Cr (VI)) is a highly toxic pollutant that isknown as a carcinogen and mutagen agent to humans. Photocatalytic reduction is one of the known ways to remove these contaminants. Therefore, the aim of this study was to investigate the catalytic effect of green iron nanoparticles, as eco-friendly materials, on photocatalytic reduction of Cr (VI) from wastewater.

Materials and Methods: This is a laboratory study that has been done using a batch reactor with a 400 ml useful volume and medium pressure UVC lamp. Iron nanoparticles were synthesized using barberry leaf extract and iron chloride, then their performanceswere investigated in photocatalytic reduction process of hexavalent chromium. In this study the effect of different parameters such as pH (2-10), catalyst dosage (0-0.375g/l), reaction time (2-15min),and initial Cr (VI) concentration (10-200 mg/l) were investigated. The size of the green iron nanoparticles were determined by Transmission Electron Microscope (TEM) analysis. Data Analysis was performed by Excel software.

Results: TEM analysis showed that the production of green nanoparticles of iron has been successful and their size was from 20 to 40 nm. The optimum pH equaled 2. The best conditions for the process obtained in initial chromium concentration of 50 mg/l, catalyst dose of 0.375 g/l, and contact time of 15 minutes and removal efficiency of 100% was reported in this condition. Photocatalytic reaction kinetics followed the second order kinetic equation.

Conclusion: The results showed that green iron nanoparticles are efficient catalysts in the process of photocatalytic reduction of Cr (VI) from Synthetic wastewater.

Key words: Photocatalytic reduction, Hexavalent chromium, Green iron nanoparticles, Aqueous solutions

Funding: This study was funded by Tehran University of Medical Sciences.

Conflict of interest: None declared.

Ethical approval: The Ethical Committee of Tehran University of Medical Sciences, approved the study.

How to cite this article: Samadi Z, Khosravi R, Nabizadeh R, Alimohmmadi M, Yaghmaeian K. Investigation of Photocatalytic Reduction of Cr (VI) from Aqueous Solutions by Using Green Iron Nanoparticles: A Laboratory Study. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2017; 15(10): 1133-46. [Farsi]

---

Background and Objectives: Heavy metals are the most common contaminants in industrial wastewater. Cadmium is important due to its toxicity and harmful effects on human beings. The aim of this study was to evaluate the removal of cadmium from aqueous solutions by nickel ferrite-titanium oxide nanocomposite.
Materials and Methods: This experimental – laboratory study was carried out in a discontinuous system under environment temperature. Scrutiny effects of pH, adsorbent dosage, contact time, initial concentration of cadmium on the adsorption and the removal of cadmium from aqueous solutions were measured using atomic absorption spectrometry (Conter AA700). Kinetic modeling and adsorption isotherms like Langmuir, Freundlich, and Temkin were also studied.
Results: The highest removal percentage of cadmium was observed in pH 6, with initial concentration of 2 mg/L, in period time of 30 minutes and 0/4 g/L of nickel ferrite- titanium oxide nano-composite. The result of adsorption isotherm models showed the best relationship with Langmuir isotherm model by the correlation coefficient of 0/9905. According to the results of kinetic models, cadmium adsorption was followed by pseudo second model with the coefficient of 0/9999.
Conclusion: Nickel ferrite- titanium oxide nanocomposite can be used as an effective adsorbent in removal of cadmium; because it has a high efficiency in removing these element.
Key words: Cadmium, Nickel ferrite nano-composite, Adsorption, Aqueous solutions, Isotherm
 
Funding: This research was funded by University of Birjand.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: The research is done by chemical materials only.
 
How to cite this article: Shekari H, Sayadi MH, Rezaei MR, Alahresani A. An Investigation of Cadmium Removal by Nickel Ferrite-Titanium Oxide Nanocomposite from Aqueous Solutions. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2017; 16(8): 703-14. 

---

Background and Objectives: The entry of textile mills’ wastewater into the environment causes severe disruption to aquatic environments. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare the performance of processes of UV/ S2O8 and UV/H2O2 in removal of Uranine dye from aqueous solutions.
Materials and Methods: In this laboratory study, in a batch reactor, the efficiency of UV/S₂O₈ and UV/H₂O₂ photocatalytic methods in removing the dyes of Uranine from aqueous solutions was investigated. In this study, a UV-C low pressure mercury lamp covered by quartz and 150 W was used inside a steel chamber with a high degree of reflection. The pH variables (3-5-7-9 and 11), the concentration of hydrogen peroxide (10-15-20-30 and 50 Mmol/l), the concentration of persulfate (0.1-0.5-1-1.5 and 2 Mmol/l) and primary dye concentrations (10-25-50-75 and 100 mg/l) were optimized.
Results: The highest removal efficiency (100%) was attained by UV/S₂O₈ process under the optimized conditions as follows: pH 3, persulfate concentration 2 Mmol / L, Uranine concentration 10 mg/L and contact time of 5 min, but, by UV/H₂O₂ process the same amount of dye was removed in the optimal conditions of pH = 3, the hydrogen peroxide concentration 20 Mmol / L, Uranine concentration 10 mg/L and contact time of 2.5 min.
Conclusion: According to the results, the methods used to remove the mentioned paint in the wastewater have a 100% efficiency. Also, the catalyst concentration and reaction time variables have a more effective role in the removal efficiency than the other parameters.
Key words: Aqueous solution, Uranine, UV/S₂O₈, UV/H₂O₂
Funding: This research was funded by Hamedan University of Medical Sciences.
Conflict of interest: None declared
Ethical approval: This project was not registered.
 
How to cite this article: Rahmani A, Karimi F, Vanaei tabar M, Zolghadr nasab H, Ahmadi F. Photocatalytic Decolorization of Uranine Using UV/S₂O₈ and UV/H₂O₂ Processes from Aqueous Solutions: A Laboratory Study. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2019; 18 (6): 529-44. [Farsi]
 

---

Background and Objectives: Ciprofloxacin is an emerging and degradable pollutant that cannot be efficiently removed by common water and wastewater treatment processes. Electro-Fenton process is one of the most effective processes for the treatment of these compounds. Hence, the present study aimed to remove ciprofloxacin by Electro-Fenton method with heterogeneous catalysts, Fe⁺² and Fe⁺³.
Materials and Methods: In this laboratory study, a reactor with 250 ml capacity, containing two mesh stainless steel (1×8cm) with a spacing of 2 centimeters, was used to remove ciprofloxacin. The effect of different factors such as ciprofloxacin concentration, current density, catalyst concentration and reaction time were investigated. Sampling was performed using spectrophotometer at 275 nm. One-factor method was used to design the experiments.
Results: The highest removal rate of ciprofloxacin in the presence of two iron sources, magnetite nanoparticles and iron sulfate, under optimal initial concentration of ciprofloxacin 20 mg/L, catalyst concentration=1 g/L, current density=120 mA, hydrogen peroxide concentration=100 mg/L, contact time= 45 minutes and pH=3 were 97.89 % and 99.99%, respectively.
Conclusion: The results showed that Electro-Fenton process can remove ciprofloxacin from aqueous solutions, but it is recommended to use magnetite nanoparticles as iron sources due to recycling and reuse possibility of nanoparticles.
Key words: Ciprofloxacin (CIP), Electro-Fenton, Aqueous solutions
 
Funding: This study was funded by Tarbiat Modares University.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Tarbiat Modares University approved the study (IR.NIMAD.REC.1397.200).
 
How to cite this article: Aseman-Bashiz E, Rezaee A. Application of the Electro-Fenton Process Including Fe⁺² and Fe⁺³ Heterogeneous Catalysts to Remove Ciprofloxacin from Aqueous Solutions. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2019; 18(9): 889-908. [Farsi]
 

---

Background and Objectives: Antibiotics are among the pollutants that have entered uncontrollably in the environment, and lead to serious environmental problems such as disrupting aquatic ecosystems, and causing health problems for humans and other organisms.  Therefore, it is necessary to remove them from the environment. In the current study, zeolite modified by cationic surfactant of cetylpyridinium bromide hydrate was employed as an adsorbent to remove tetracycline from the aqueous solution.
Materials and Methods: In this laboratory study, the effect of main variables, including initial tetracycline concentration, solution pH, adsorbent dosage, and reaction time on the adsorption process was investigated. Adsorbent structural features were analyzed using FESEM, pH of zero point of charge (pH_ZPC), and Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR). Finally, isotherm and kinetics of the adsorption process were studied.
Results: The removal efficiency of 99.9% was achieved under the optimum condition, including initial tetracycline concentration of 11.5 mg L^-1, pH of 6.0, the adsorbent dosage of 4.0 g L^-1, and reaction time of 50 min. The maximum adsorption capacity (q_m) was found to be 65.41 mg g^-1. The adsorption process for tetracycline removal followed the Langmuir isotherm (R²=0.9996) and second-order kinetic model (R²=0.9957).
Conclusion: The adsorption process using zeolite modified by cationic surfactant was a suitable technique with high efficiency for removing tetracycline from contaminated wastewater.
Key words: Tetracycline, Adsorption, Modified zeolite, Cationic surfactant, Aqueous solution

Funding: This study was funded by Kerman University of Medical Sciences [Grant number 400000747].
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Kerman University of Medical Sciences approved the study (IR.KMU.REC.1400.510).

How to cite this article: Ahmadzadeh S, Dolatabadi M. Removal of Tetracycline Antibiotic from Aqueous Solution Using Zeolite-X Modified by Pyridium Bromide Cationic Surfactant: A Laboratory Study. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2022; 20 (12): 1339-56. [Farsi]