Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences

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Background and Objective: The anti-inflammatory effects of the vitamin D and ginger have been demonstrated in some studies. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of vitamin D and ginger extract on the clinical symptoms and leukocyte infiltration of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis (EAE).

Materials and Methods: For the induction of EAE, the (C57BL/6) were immunized subcutaneously MOG peptide emulsified in complete Freund's adjuvant. The mice divided into EAE group includimg: vitamin D-treated, ginger extract-treated, olive oil and phosphate-buffered saline, and also one group which was considered as normal group and received only PBS(phosphat- Buffered Saline). The mice were sacrificed at day 31 after immunization and the leukocytes infiltration was evaluated in the CNS (central nervous system). The EAE scores and the body weight were evaluated till day 30. Data were analyzed using t-test.

Results: Two control groups showed the clinical symptoms at day 10, whereas vitamin D and ginger-treated groups exhibited the symptoms at days 13 and 15, respectively. The maximum mean score of disease was (1.87±1.61), (1.92±1.79), (1.05±1.01), and (0.73±0.81) for olive oil-, PBS-, vitamin D3-, and ginger-treated groups, respectively. Vitamin D3 and ginger extract increased the body weight significantly )P =0.05) as compared to control groups. The leukocytes infiltration was also significantly lower in treated groups as compared to control group.

Conclusion: These observations represent that the vitamin D₃ and ginger extract have significant capability to attenuate the EAE severity.

Key words: EAE, Vitamin D₃, Ginger extract, Clinical symptoms

 

Funding: This research was funded by both Kerman University of Medical Sciences and Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences.

Conflict of interest: None declared.

Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences approved the study

 

How to cite this article: Mohammadi M, Ahangar-Parvin R, Azizi SV, Ayobi F, Taghipour Z_, Shamsizadeh A_, Moazeni M_, Goujani R_, Nemati M_, Jafarzadeh A. Evaluation of the Effect of Vitamin D₃ and Ginger Extract on the Clinical Symptoms and the Severity of Inflammation in EAE. J RafsanjanUniv Med Sci 2014 13(7): 683-94. [Farsi]

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Background and Objective: Evaluation of clinical competency of medical students can give very useful information to the authorities for setting educational aims according to student’s requirements and qualitative promotion in the educational process. The present study has been evaluated the clinical competency of fourth-year medical students.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study has been done in 2011 to assess clinical competence of all the fourth-year students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences, that all of them had passed the skills lab course. Data-gathering tool was a questionnaire which assessed nine main competencies in medical students. All data was analyzed by Chi-square and analysis variances by SPSS software.

Results: 68 students enrolled in the study with the mean age of 24-year old. In the field of effective communication, 78% of students scored excellent. In the clinical skills, applying sciences as guidelines in diagnosis and management of patients, lifetime learning, self-awareness, socio-medical affairs and understanding the role of a professional physician fields, result in 84% of the students were average.Most of students had low scores only in the field of ethical understanding and judgement. There was no significant relation in the clinical competency of the different fields according to the age and sex.

Conclusion: Generally, the students in our study reached a reasonable level of competence in participating in clinical treatment.

Key words: Medical students, Clinical competency, Competency-based education.

 

Funding:. This research was funded by Guilan University of Medical Sciences.

Conflict of Interest: None declared.

Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Guilan University of Medical Sciences approved the study.

 

How to cite this article: Soleymanha M, Jalali MM, Mirblouk AR, Ahaki HR. Survey of Clinical Competency in Fourth-year Medical Students of Guilan University of Medical Sciences in 2011:A Short Report. 2012. J RafsanjanUniv Med Sci 2014 13(8): 731-36. [Farsi]

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Background and Objective: According to the complications of dementia, its screening is important in elderly stage. Dementia screening tests need to have acceptable sensitivity and specificity. This study aimed at determining the cut-off point of the Persian version of Clinical Dementia Rating (P-CDR) and testing its diagnostic accuracy in the early detection of dementia among the elderly.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted by using the known-groups method. The purposive sampling of 50 patients with age-related dementia and 150 the elderly without dementia was recruited in kashan, Iran, 2014. The clinical interviewing and the findings of CT-Scan were used as the reference standard test. The index test was the P-CDR. A demographic questionnaire, the Geriatric Depression Scale (GDS-15), and the P-CDR were used for data collection. The median of CDR scores in two known groups were compared using Mann-Whitney U test. The Receiver Operating Characteristic (ROC) analysis was conducted for determining the cut-off point. The diagnostic parameters were calculated for determining the diagnostic accuracy of the test with 95% confidence interval.

Results: The cognitive state scores of the elderly with and without dementia differed significantly (8.36±1.76 vs. 0.82±1.69, respectively p< 0.001). The area under the ROC curve was 0.968 (p < 0.001). The Youden’s index showed that the optimal cut-off point for the test was 3.75. The sensitivity, specificity, positive and negative predictive values, positive and negative likelihood ratio, overall diagnostic accuracy, and diagnostic odds ratio of the test at the cut-off point of 3.75 were 1, 0.94, 0.88, 1, 0, 21.42, 0.96, and infinity, respectively.

Conclusion: The P-CDR is a sensitive and precise test for assessing cognitive state in the elderly. So, it can be used in dementia screening and the program of monitoring elderly people’s health.

Key words: Clinical dementia rating, Dementia, Diagnostic test, Sensitivity, Specificity

Funding: This research was funded by Kashan University of Medical Sciences.

Conflict of interest: None declared.

Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Kashan University of Medical Sciences approved the study.

 

How to cite this article: Lotfi MS, Tagharrobi Z, Sharifi K, Abolhasani J. Diagnostic Accuracy of Persian Version of Clinical Dementia Rating (P-CDR) for Early Dementia Detection in the Elderly. J RafsanjanUniv Med Sci 2015 14(4): 283-98. [Farsi]

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سخن سردبیر

Editorial

مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان

دوره پانزدهم، فروردین 1395، 2-1

طبقه‌بندی انواع مقالات بر اساس میزان ارزش آن‌ها در

تعدیل ممارست بالینی

Classification of Types of Articles Based on Their Values in Modifying Clinical Practice

محسن رضائیان[1]

M. Rezaeian

در طول سالیانی که از نشر مقالات علمی در حوزه سلامت می‌گذرد [1]، در نگارش این مقالات تغییرات و تحولات عمده‌ای رخ داده است. به نحوی که امروزه، مطالعات با طراحی‌های گوناگونی در قالب مقالات علمی به رشته تحریر در‌می‌آیند. از این رو، این امکان وجود دارد که انواع مقالات نگارش شده در حوزه سلامت را بر اساس میزان ارزش و اهمیت آن‌ها در تعدیل ممارست بالینی طبقه‌بندی نمود. هدف از نگارش این سخن سردبیری، آشنا ساختن خوانندگان فرهیخته مجله دانشگاه با چنین طبقه‌بندی می‌باشد.

در این طبقه‌بندی می‌توان مقالات را به ترتیب افزایش اهمیت آن‌ها در تعدیل ممارست بالینی، به شرح زیر معرفی نمود [2]:

1. مطالعات درون محیط آزمایشگاهی (In Vitro Studies)

2. مطالعات انجام شده بر روی حیوانات آزمایشگاهی (Animal Studies) یا مطالعات تجربی (Experimental Studies) [3]

3. مقالات سردبیری و نقطه نظرات (Editorials and Opinions) [4]

4. گزارش مورد (Case Report) [4]

5. گزارش موارد (Case Series) [4]

6. مطالعات مقطعی (Cross- Sectional Studies) [5]

7. مطالعات مورد-شاهدی (Case- Control Studies) [5]

8. مطالعات همگروهی (Cohort Studies) [5]

9. مطالعات کارآزمایی بالینی دوسو کور (Randomised Controlled Double Blind Clinical Trials Studies) [6]

10. مطالعات مروری منظم و فراتحلیل‌ها(Systematic Reviews and Meta- Analysis)  [7]

بر اساس این طبقه‌بندی، مطالعات درون محیط آزمایشگاهی و مطالعات تجربی کمترین و مطالعات کارآزمایی‌های بالینی دوسو کور، مطالعات مروری منظم و فرا‌تحلیل‌ها، بیشترین اثر و فایده را برای ایجاد تغییر و تعدیل در ممارست بالینی دارند. البته، شرط اصلی در ایفای چنین نقشی آن است که کلیه مطالعات بر اساس اصول اساسی خود طراحی و اجرا شده و به رشته تحریر درآیند. لازم به توضیح است که مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان در راستای وظیفه خطیر خود درباره آموزش چگونگی گزارش صحیح اغلب این مطالعات، مقالات کوتاهی را در قالب سخن سردبیری به رشته تحریر در آورده است و علاقمندان می‌توانند به منابع استناد شده برای هر مطالعه ارجاع نمایند.

References

[1] Rezaeian M. The History of the Scientific Article Writing. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2013; 12 (8): 597-8.

[2] Earnshaw JJ. How to write a clinical paper for publication. Surgery 2012; 30(9): 437-41.

[3] Rezaeian M. How to report the experimental studies. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2016; 14(10): 811-2

[4] Rezaeian M. Non-research articles . J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2014; 13(1): 1-2.

[5] Rezaeian M. How to Report Observational Studies. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2013; 12(6): 415-6.

[6] Rezaeian M. How to Report Randomised Trial Studies. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2013; 12(5): 331-2.

[7] Rezaeian M. How to report systematic reviews and meta-analyses. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2013; 12(2): 87-8.

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Background and Objectives: Leadership style of head-nurses and clinical competency of nurses have a crucial role in developing of healthcare services quality. Recent studies showed differences between leadership styles and clinical competency of nurses in public and private hospitals. Therefore , this study aimed to assess leadership styles of head-nurses and clinical competency of nurses in public and private hospitals of Ahvaz.

Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 67 head-nurses and 335 nurses in public and private hospitals of Ahvaz during 2014. Head-nurses and nurses were selected through census and systemic sampling methods, respectively. Data was collected by Burdens & Metzcus Leadership Behavior questionnaire and Meretoja questionnaire, and was analyzed using chi-square test and independent t-test.

Results: Most of the head-nurses in the public (%52.9) and private (%57.5) hospitals had relationship-oriented leadership style, and no significant difference was observed between leadership styles of the head-nurses in the two kinds of the hospitals (p=0.703). The nurses in the private hospitals (125.32±8.41) had significantly higher clinical competency compared to the  nurses in the public hospitals (118.22±9.51) (p=0.002).

Conclusion: The results showed more clinical competency in the nurses of the private hospitals compared to the public hospitals. Due to scanty of studies in this regard, further investigations are recommended.

Key words: Leadership style, Clinical competency, Nurse, Head-nurse, Ahvaz

Funding: This research was funded by Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences.

Conflict of interest: None declared.

Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Ahvaz University of Medical Sciences approved the study.

How to cite this article: Saeidi S.Gh, Elahi N, Neysi A, Latifi S.M. A Survey on Leadership Styles of Head-Nurses and Clinical Competency of Nurses in Public and Private Hospitals of Ahvaz in 2014: A Short Report. J RafsanjanUniv Med Sci 2016; 15(1): 81-90. [Farsi]

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Background and Objectives: Computerized Physician Order Entry (CPOE) is one of the modern technologies to increase the quality of hospital services.The present study was designed to develop and localize CPOE in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences.

Materials and Methods: This exploratory study was conducted for software designing and was practically performed between 2013 to 2015 in Namazi Teaching Hospital in Shiraz. The study population consisted of physicians, nurses, and information technology professionals in Shiraz University of Medical Sciences. The study included four phases; in the first three phases documentations review, Delphi, and focused group discussions methods for data collection and CPOE software was designed in the fourth stage.

Results: The CPOE software was designed in 13 months and had seven main including data entry, drug interactions management system, warning system, treatment services, ability of writing in the software, software reporting and technical capabilities. The most important features of this software were the possibility of physician-nurse relationship, software connection with the Hospital Information System (HIS) and use of Clinical Decision Support Systems (CDSS). The software was implemented in the general Intensive Care Unit (ICU) ward and used for physicians’ order registration for three months.

Conclusion: The CPOE was designed and implemented in Namazi Hospital. The comments of operators have to be considered for successful application of any software in hospital. The integration between CPOE and CDSS is recommended for improving the system performance.

Key words: Computerized physician order entry, Clinical decision support systems, Physician, Iran

Funding: This project was financially supported by Shiraz University of Medical Sciences.

Conflict of interest: Authors have no conflict of interest to declare.

Ethical approval: the research proposal was reviewed and approved in institutional ethics committee and research council of Shiraz University of Medical Sciences.

How to cite this article: Khammarnia M, Sharifian R, Zand F, Khademian F, Setoodezadeh F. Design and Localization of Computerized Physician Order Entry System in Iran during 2013-2015. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2016; 15(6): 537-50. [Farsi]

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Background and Objective: Interventional clinical trial is the study in which the participants are simultaneously placed in the intervention and control groups to investigate the cause-effect relationship between an intervention and an outcome. Because of the probability of some bias in human intervention, non-standard clinical trials design produce unreal interventional results. For standardizing the clinical trials, Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) statement was presented that is a guideline including the design, implementation and reporting of the results. CONSORT statement includes a flowchart and a Flow Diagram. CONSORT statement has a 25-item list that describes how to write a title, abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, registration, and access study protocol and sources of research funding. In the Flow Diagram of CONSORT, the way to access the participants, along the study, is taken into consideration. Of the importance of clinical trials on new diagnostic and therapeutic methods, present study was conducted to survey and evaluate the performance of CONSORT statement.

Key words: Clinical trial, Randomized Clinical Trial, Intervention, Consort

Funding: This research was funded by Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences.

Conflict of interest: None declared.

Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences approved the study.

How to cite this article: Ayoobi F, Rahmani MR, Assar S, Jalalpour S, Rezaeian M. The Consort (Consolidated Standards Of Reporting Trials). J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2017; 15(10): 977-94. [Farsi]

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Background and Objective: This study aimed to evaluate the medical students' viewpoints about the role of basic science courses in achieving clinical objectives in Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences.

Materials and Methods: This is a discriptive study performed in 2010 through filling out a two-sectional questionnaire by medical students (Clerk and intern students). The questionnaire included the importance of each course of basic sciences and quality of courses presentation inachieving the clinical objectives. The sample size was 58. The data of the study was analysed using descriptive statistics, independent t- test,and determining the mean and the percentage of scores for each question.

Results: While physiology was the most important course for clerk students in achieving the clinical objectives, intern students introduced the anatomy course for this purpose. The lowest score was given to medical physics by both groups in achieving the clinical objectives. Regarding the presentation quality of courses to achieve the clinical objectives, the maximum score belonged to coordination of the final and comprehensive exams with course subjects and the lowest one was related to applicability of basic science courses in clinic.

Conclusion: According to the findings of the study, emphasizing practical aspects of basic science courses in medical education is essetial. This suggests performing a revision in the current educational methods of courses of medical basic scienses.

Key words: Educational Status, Medicine, Clinical, Rafsanjan

Funding: There was no funding for this article.

Conflict of interest: None declared.

Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences approved the study.

How to cite this article: Abdollahi SH, Bakhshi H, Ebrahimi Shahmabadi H, Soltani Nejad A. The Medical Students' Viewpoints in Achieving Clinical Objectives of Medical Education Program in Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences in 2010: A Short Report. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2017; 15(10):1077-86. [Farsi]

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Background and Objectives: Enterococci as a part of the normal flora of human gastrointestinal tracts can cause infections in children and adults who have a weaker immune system. The aim of this study was to determine and compare vancomycin, gentamicin, erythromycin and tetracycline resistance in enterococci isolated from  Tabriz Children’s Hospital.
Materials and Methods: In this laboratory study,  between May 2016 and May 2017, one hundred enterococci isolates (fifty clinical isolates from variant specimens and fifty stool isolates from different parts of Tabriz Children’s Hospital) were collected. After determinig the type, they were tested for their resistance against antibiotics (vancomycin, gentamicin, erythromycin, tetracycline) by disk diffusion. Data analysis was performed using T-test.
Results: Out of 50 clinical isolates, 23 (46%) isolates belonged to Enterococcus faecium while 27 (54%) isolates were Enterococcus faecalis. Among 50 stool isolates, 48 (96%) isolates were Enterococcus faecium and 2 (4%) isolates were Enterococcus faecalis. The results also indicated that there was a significant difference between the clinical and stool isolates in regard to vancomycin (p=0.004), but no significant difference  was observed between the  clinical and stool isolates in regard to the other antibiotics.  
Conclusion: Considering the results, stool isolates have higher resistance to antibiotics than those of clinical isolates. Increasing antibiotic resistant strains, especially vancomycin among enterococci, is a serious threat to the general public, especially hospitalized patients, and limits the treatment options for patients with nosocomial infections.
Key words: Enterococcus, Antibiotic resistance, Clinical isolate, Stool isolate, Tabriz
 
Funding: This article did not have any funds.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
How to cite this article: Khanmohammadi Sh, Nahaei M.R, Ahangarzadeh Rezaee M, Sadeghi J. Frequency of Vancomycin, Gentamicin, Erythromycin and Tetracycline Resistance in Enterococci Isolated from Children’s Hospital of Tabriz in 2017: A Short Report. Univ Med Sci 2018; 17 (4): 385-92. [Farsi]
 

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Background and Objectives: Since non-adherence to urinary catheterization standards has irrecoverable consequences, the aim of this study was to assess the effect of an educational program of urinary catheterization on adherence to the standards.
Materials and Methods: This educational trial study was conducted on a sample of 35 medical interns of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences in 2017. External evaluation was conducted by completion of a checklist with 5 subscales and 19 items before and one week after the intervention. To analyze the data the paired t-test and McNemar’s test and independent t-test were used.
Results: Self-confidence with the skill of catheterization had statistically significant increase after the intervention (p=0.016). The improvement of  the score of catheterization skill after the intervention was considerable (p=0.007). The mean score of catheterization skill in men, was significantly higher than women (p=0.031)
Conclusions: In spite of significant improvement in the skill of medical students for urinary catheterization, providing the students with regular continuous education seems necessary.
Key words: Urinary catheterization, Clinical competence, Education, Standards
 
Funding: This study did not have any funds.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences approved the study (IR.TBZMED.REC.1396.3.24-34720).
 
How to cite this article: Baradaran-Binazir M, Heidari F, Hajebrahimi S. The Effect of Simulated Education on the Adherence to Standards of Urinary Catheterization in Hospitalized Patients by Medical Students: A Short Report. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2019; 17 (12): 87-96. [Farsi]
 

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Background and Objectives: Given the fact that randomized controlled clinical trials are more valid than other research methods to determine the therapeutic effects of treatment, proper design and accurate reporting is of particular importance. This study was conducted with the aim of evaluating the quality of writing the title and abstract of randomized clinical trials of Iranian medical universities journals in 2016 using the Consolidated Standards of Reporting Trials (CONSORT) checklist.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, information gathering through internet search was limited to Persian language journals affiliated to the medical universities of the country. Based on the CONSORT checklist, which contains 18 questions, all randomly controlled clinical trials, consisting of 262 papers published in these magazines in 2016, were reviewed. Statistical analysis was performed using descriptive statistics and Chi-square and Fisher’s exact tests.
Results: Only 34 (13%) of the articles refered to “randomized” word in the title of the article. Regarding the proportion of cases observed in the articles, based on the gender of the author, only two "mentioning the place of data collection" (p=0.009) and "mentioning clinical trial registration number" (p=0.020) and based on the scientific rank two cases, namely, “mentioning the full details of the responsible author” (p=0.002) and "mentioning the randomized method" (p=0.039) were significantly different.
Conclusion: The need to follow CONSORT criteria and eliminate the deficiencies mentioned for conducting these studies in the country seems necessary. Therefore, it is recommended to the authors to use the CONSORT clinical checklist while writing randomized controlled clinical trials.
Key words: Clinical trial, CONSORT, Writing quality
 
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How to cite this article: Hosseini SM, Ahmadinia H, Rezaeian M. Evaluation of the Quality of Writing of the Title and Abstract of Randomized Controlled Clinical Trial Papers Published in the Journals of the Iran^,s Universities of Medical Sciences in 2016, Based on the CONSORT Checklist: A Descriptive Study. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2019; 18 (3): 267-84. [Farsi]

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Background and Objectives: Prescription of acid supressive therapy (AST) for prophylaxis of stress-related mucosal disease (SRMD) in hospitalized patients is inappropriate in many cases. Therefore, this study was designed to determine the role of clinical pharmacist in optimizing prescription of these therapies.
Materials and Methods: This quasi-experimental study was conducted on 101 patients admitted to the Nephrology Ward in Shafa Hospital affiliated to Kerman University of Medical Sciences. All patients with a length of hospital stay of more than 24 hours were included. In the pre-intervention phase, each patient was evaluated regarding the risk of SRMD and receiving or not receiving SRMD prophylaxis. In the second phase, the clinical pharmacist actively intervened for discontinuation of AST in patients at low risk of SRMD and initiation of AST in patients who were at high risk of SRMD but did not receive any medication. Finally, in each phase of the study, the number of patients who appropriately or inappropriately received prophylactic drug was reported. Chi square test was used to analyze data.
Results: Fifty-seven and 44 patients were evaluated in the pre-intervention and intervention phases, respectively. The number of patients who inappropriately received prophylactic drugs significantly decreased from 37 patients (77%) in the pre-intervention phase to 6 patients (31.6%) in the intervention phase (p<0.001).
Conclusion: Considering the effective role of the clinical pharmacist in this study, consultation with a clinical pharmacist for optimizing rational prescription of drugs for prophylaxis of SRMD in hospitalized patients is recommended.
Key words: Clinical pharmacist, Mucosal disease, Stress, Prevention, Nephrology
Funding: The study was funded by Kerman University of Medical Sciences (Grant number: 95000267).
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: The Ethics committee of Kerman University of Medical Sciences approved the study (IR.KMU.REC.1395.699).
How to cite this article: Nikvarz N, Seyedi Z. Evaluation of the Role of Clinical Pharmacist in Optimizing Stress-Related Mucosal Disease Prophylaxis in Patients Admitted to Nephrology Ward: A Quasi-Experimental Study. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2020; 19 (3): 223-34. [Farsi]

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Background and Objectives: Scorpion bite is one of the public health problems, which sometimes causes human death. The aim of this study was to determine various epidemiological aspects, clinical signs and outcomes of patients with scorpion bite referred to the emergency of Hazrat Ali Ibn Abitaleb Hospital in Rafsanjan in 2017-2018.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in 2017-2018. A total of 59 people stung by scorpion referred to the Emergency Department of Hazrat Ali Ibn Abitaleb Hospital in Rafsanjan were selected through census method. Using a researcher-made checklist, demographic and clinical information were completed by the researchers. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics (frequency, percentage and mean) and inferential statistics (independent t-test, chi-square or Fisher test).
Results: Most scorpion stinges were in people aged 30-39. The highest incidence of scorpion stings was observed by black scorpions with 53 cases (89.8%) from June to August, at 6 pm to 12 pm. The most local clinical symptom with 37 cases (62.7%) was pain and the most systemic clinical symptom was dizziness with 8 cases (13.6%) and hemoglobinuria, the highest laboratory index was 17 (28.8%) cases. A total of 54 cases (91.5%) were discharged after receiving medical treatment in the emergency room.
Conclusion: The most common local and systemic clinical symptoms were pain and dizziness, respectively. The hemoglobin index was the most important laboratory indicator and most people were discharged from the emergency room. Preventive training is needed to protect people's health and well-being
Key words: Epidemiological study, Scorpion Sting, clinical outcomes, Rafsanjan
 
Funding: This study did not have any funds.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences approved the study (IR.RUMS.REC.1396.192).
 
How to cite this article: Shahrabadi E, Moradi M S, Rezaeian M, Salimabadi Y, Esmaeili Ranjbar A, Moinaddini Sh, Sanji Rafsanjani M. The Epidemiological Study of Clinical Signs and Outcomes of Patients with Scorpion Stings Referred to Emergency Department of Rafsanjan Ali-Ibn-Abitaleb Hospital in 2017-2018: A Descriptive Study. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2020; 19 (7): 713-26. [Farsi]

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Background and Objectives: COVID-19 infection, which began since 2019 from China, is introduced as a medicinal problem in the world. There is no certain treatment and preventive way actually. In countries that have been successful in controlling the disease, people's participation has played an important role in controlling the disease. This study was a review on epidemiology, pathophysiology and clinical manifestations of COVID-19 infection in order to guide policy making and promotion of knowledge, attitude and practice of the society associated with COVID-19
Materials and Methods: This is a review study in which appropriate key words were researched within authentic scientific spaces such as PubMed, Google scholar, CDC, WHO, NEJM and Cell Press from December 2019 till August 2020 and then, subjects were collected and analyzed.
Results: Rapid spread of COVID-19 virus, the relationship between disease severity and mortality with various factors, respiratory transmission, especially in short distance, masks, hand washing and physical distance observance as the most important way to prevent, diversify clinical symptoms and at the same time fever and cough as the most common clinical symptoms, treatment with non-specific antiviral drugs and treatment based on controlling clinical symptoms and strengthening immunity with known drugs, paying attention to children as asymptomatic carriers, and pretentious pregnancy in the event of COVID-19 are the most important findings of this study.
Conclusion: The findings of this study are practical points that awareness of those points is effective in both policy making and promoting the necessary knowledge for COVID-19 infection in the community.
Key words: COVID-19, Review study, Epidemiology, Clinical Manifestations, Traditional Medicine, Knowledge Promotion
 
Funding: This study did not have any funds.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: Not applicated.
 
How to cite this article: Mehrtash B, Siahpoosh MB. A Review on Epidemiology, Pathophysiology and Clinical Manifestations of COVID-19 Infection in Order to Guide Policy Making and Promotion of Knowledge, Attitude and Practice of the Society Associated with COVID-19: A Validity Review. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2021; 19 (11): 1195-1224. [Farsi]

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Background and Objectives: Clinical education in therapeutic settings is presented in different forms, one of which is journal club meetings. The aim of this study was to investigate the satisfaction of medical students in the clinical department of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences from the educational activity of the Club Journal.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences in 2021. 157 medical students of three internships participated in the study by census. Data were collected using a researcher made questionnaire and were analyzed using independent t-test and one-way analysis of variance.
Results: The mean score of students' satisfaction with the Journal Club sessions was relatively good in both male and female groups, as well as by type of ward and grade, but none of them had a significant relationship with satisfaction (p>0.05). Satisfaction with regular meetings was significantly higher than irregular meetings (p<0.001), and satisfaction in absentee meetings was more than face-to-face meetings (p=0.027). The results also showed that there was a relative satisfaction with the way the sessions are held, but there was no satisfaction with the level of participation of students, especially trainees.
Conclusion: Students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences were relatively satisfied with the meetings of the Journal Club. The highest level of satisfaction was related to the place, time, number of participants, order of meetings, level of articles, and the highest level of satisfaction was related to the level of students' participation in the topics, especially during the internship. It is suggested that special sessions be held for interns and trainees and the scientific level of the content be selected in accordance with each level with the participation of students.
Key words: Club journal, Major wards, Clinical education, Medical assistants, Medical students, Rafsanjan
 
Funding: This study was funded by Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences approved the study (IR.RUMS.REC.1397.252).
 
How to cite this article: Taghvaei M, Ahmadinia H, Rezaeian M. The Medical Students' Satisfaction with the Journal Club Meetings in Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences in 2021: A Descriptive Study. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2022; 20 (11): 1239-52. [Farsi]

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Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the level of anxiety and depression in clinical residents who worked in the COVID-19 ward of Afzalipour Hospital of Kerman in 2020.
Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive study. The statistical population was all assistants working in the COVID-19 center of Afzalipur Hospital (n=50). Data collection was done through the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS) and the Corona Disease Anxiety Scale (CDAS) in a self-reported manner. Data was analyzed using independent t-test, one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA), and Pearson’s correlation test.
Results: There was a statistically significant association between the total CDAS score (p=0.041) and HADS anxiety score (p=0.033) and gender. A statistically significant association was found between the HADS anxiety score (p=0.045) and the HADS depression score (p=0.030) and a history of psychiatric diseases.
Conclusion: The mean score for coronavirus anxiety was moderate, and the mean score for hospital anxiety and depression was low. It seems necessary to implement appropriate policies to reduce the psychological problems of clinical assistants.
Key words: Depression, Anxiety, Clinical residents, COVID-19, Kerman

Funding: This study did not have any funds.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Kerman University of Medical Sciences approved the study (IR.KMU.AH.REC.1399.152).

How to cite this article: Mayel Masoud, Rahimimanesh Mohsen, Ghaedamini Hossein, Ghaedamini Alireza, Divsalar Fatemeh. Investigating the Level of Anxiety and Depression of Clinical Assistants Who Worked in the COVID-19 Center in Afzalipour Hospital of Kerman in 2020: A Short Report. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2023; 22 (6): 649-58. [Farsi]