Ali Yalfani, Fatemeh Ahadi, Mohammadreza Ahmadi, Azadeh Asgarpoor,
Volume 23, Issue 8 (1-2025)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Vertical ground reaction force (Vertical ground reaction force; VGRF) is a kinetic variable that plays an important role in developing patellofemoral pain (Patellofemoral pain; PFP). This clinical trial aimed to determine the effect of hip and knee strengthening exercises along with gait retraining on VGRF and loading rate in women with PFP while walking.
Materials and Methods: In this clinical trial, 40 women with PFP were enrolled and randomly assigned to experimental (n=20) and control groups (n=20). In the experimental group, the patients received the relevant intervention for 8 weeks. The patients in the control group did not receive any intervention. Pain intensity, fear of movement, quadriceps muscle strength, hip abductor, hip extensor, VGRF components, and loading rate were the variables of this research which were evaluated in pre-test and post-test. Data was analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA).
Results: The results showed that there was a significant effect in the experimental group compared to the control group in pain intensity, fear of movement, quadriceps muscle strength, hip abductor muscle strength, hip extensor muscle strength, first force peak, valley, second force peak, and loading rate (p<0.001).
Conclusion: It appears that 8 weeks of hip and knee muscle strengthening exercises along with gait retraining can decrease pain intensity and fear of movement and increase muscle strength, and subsequently the first and second peak forces increase and the loading rate and valley decrease. It is recommended to combine strengthening exercises with movement pattern retraining to obtain better clinical results in the rehabilitation of women with PFP.
Key words: Patellofemoral pain, Vertical ground reaction force, Loading rate, Strengthening exercises, Gait retraining
Funding: This study did not have any funds.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical Considerations: The Ethics Committee of Bu-Ali Sina University approved the study (IR.BASU.REC.1402.012).
Authors’ Contributions:
- Conceptualization: Ali Yalfani, Fatemeh Ahadi
- Methodology: Ali Yalfani, Fatemeh Ahadi
- Data collection: Fatemeh Ahadi, Mohammadreza Ahmadi, Azadeh Asgarpoor
- Formal analysis: Fatemeh Ahadi, Mohammadreza Ahmadi, Azadeh Asgarpoor
- Supervision: Ali Yalfani
- Project administration: Ali Yalfani
- Writing – original draft: Ali Yalfani
- Writing – review & editing: Fatemeh Ahadi, Mohammadreza Ahmadi, Azadeh Asgarpoor
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Citation: Ahadi F, Yalfani A, Ahmadi MR, Asgarpoor A. The Effect of Hip and Knee Strengthening Exercises Along with Gait Retraining on Vertical Ground Reaction Force and Loading Rate in Women with Patellofemoral Pain: A Clinical Trial Study. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2024; 23 (8): 705-20. [Farsi]
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