fa بررسی کمیت و کیفیت پسماندهای شهر مشهد در سال 1395: یک گزارش کوتاه بهداشت Environmental Health پژوهشي Research <strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">چکیده</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;"></span></span></strong><br> <strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">زمینه و هدف</span></span></strong><strong><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12.0pt;">:</span></span></strong> <span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12pt;">اطلاعات کمی و کیفی پسماندهای شهری یکی از گام‌های اساسی در زمینه مدیریت علمی پسماندها می‌باشد. لذا پژوهش حاضر با هدف تعیین کمیت و کیفیت پسماندهای شهر مشهد انجام پذیرفت.</span></span></span><br> <strong><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12pt;">مواد و روش‌ها:</span></span></span></strong><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> در مطالعه</span></span></span> <span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12pt;">توصیفی حاضر</span></span></span> <span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12pt;">به‌ منظور بررسی کیفی نمونه‌ها، مواد جداسازی شده وزن شد. برای آنالیز فیزیکی پسماندها، نمونه&shy;ها به‌صورت تصادفی در چگالی&shy;سنج قرار داده شد. پسماندها برحسب نوع، جداسازی شده و داخل کیسه‌های نایلونی وزن شدند. داده&shy;ها توسط آزمون آماری مجذور کای آنالیز شدند.</span></span></span><br> <strong><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12pt;">یافته‌ها:</span></span></span></strong><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> نتایج نشان داد که میانگین پسماندهای تولیدی در فصل تابستان &nbsp;17/126</span></span></span><span dir="LTR" style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"><span style="font-family:times new roman,serif;">&plusmn;</span></span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12pt;">2190 و در فصل زمستان 63/100</span></span></span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"><span style="font-family:cambria,serif;"><span style="font-size:12pt;">&plusmn;</span></span></span><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12pt;">1890 تن در روز بوده است<strong>. </strong>بالاترین مقدار پسماندها مربوط به مواد فسادپذیر و کم‌ترین مقدار مربوط به شیشه بوده است. بیش‌ترین نوع فلز سنگین در شیرابه شهر مشهد نیکل با مقدار 1/3 میلی‌گرم بر لیتر بود.</span></span></span><br> <strong><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12pt;">نتیجه‌گیری:</span></span></span></strong><span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12pt;"> با</span></span></span> <span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12pt;">توجه</span></span></span> <span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12pt;">به</span></span></span> <span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12pt;">میزان</span></span></span> <span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12pt;">بالای</span></span></span> <span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12pt;">مواد</span></span></span> <span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12pt;">فسادپذیر</span></span></span> <span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12pt;">در</span></span></span> <span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12pt;">پسماندهای تولیدی،</span></span></span> <span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12pt;">توصیه</span></span></span> <span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12pt;">می‌شود</span></span></span> <span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12pt;">تولید</span></span></span> <span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12pt;">کمپوست</span></span></span> <span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12pt;">مورد توجه</span></span></span> <span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12pt;">قرار</span></span></span> <span style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12pt;">گیرد.</span></span></span><br> <strong><span dir="RTL" style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12pt;">واژه‌های کلیدی: </span></span></span></strong><span dir="RTL" style="background-image:initial;background-position:initial;background-size:initial;background-repeat:initial;background-attachment:initial;background-origin:initial;background-clip:initial;"><span style="font-family:b nazanin;"><span style="font-size:12pt;">پسماندها، کمیت، کیفیت، مشهد</span></span></span> <strong>Background and Objectives:</strong> The quantitative and qualitative data on urban solid waste is one of the essential steps in the scientific management of solid waste. The purpose of this study was to survey the qualitative and quantitative production of solid waste in Mashhad.<br> <strong>Materials and Methods</strong>: In this descriptive study, in order to examine the quality of the samples, the separated materials were weighed. For physical analysis, samples were randomly assigned to a volume of 0.125m³ inside the density gauge. Solid wastes&nbsp; were sorted according to the type and placed in the nylon and weighed. Data were analyzed using Chi-square test.<br> <strong>Results:</strong> According to the results,the mean of the solid waste produced in summer was 2190 &plusmn; 126.17 and in winter 1890 &plusmn; 100.63 tons per day. The highest amount of waste was related to corrosive materials and the minimum amount pertaining to glass. &nbsp;The highest type of heavy metal in the leach of Mashhad city was Ni (3.1 mg/L).<br> <strong>Conclusion:</strong> Due to high amount of garbage materials in solid waste, compost production is recommended to be attended.<br> <strong>Key words</strong>: Solid waste, Quantity, Quality, Mashhad<br> &nbsp;<br> <strong>Funding:</strong> There was no funding for this study.<span dir="RTL"></span><br> <strong>Conflict of interest:</strong> None declared<br> <strong>Ethical approval:</strong> This project was not registered.<br> &nbsp;<br> <strong>How to cite this article: </strong>Rezaee E, Rahnama Bargard Z, Kharghani M, Aghalari Z. The Survey of Qualitative and Quantitative Production of Solid Waste in Mashhad in 2016: A Short Report. <em>J Rafsanjan</em> <em>Univ Med Sci</em> 2019; 18 (4): 407-14. [Farsi] پسماندها, کمیت, کیفیت, مشهد Solid waste, Quantity, Quality, Mashhad 407 414 http://journal.rums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-3192-4&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 E. Rezaee الهام رضایی m.kharghani.21@gmail.com 6900319475328460034129 6900319475328460034129 No Department of Environment,Islamic Azad University North of Tehran, Tehran دانشگاه آزاد تهران Z. Rahnama Bargard زهره رهنما برگرد m.kharghani.21@gmail.com 6900319475328460034130 6900319475328460034130 No Student Research Committee, Mashhad University of Medical Sciences, Mashhad, Iran گروه مهندسی بهداشت محیط و حرفه‌ای،کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی مشهد، مشهد، ایران M. Kharghani مهناز خرقانی m.kharghani.21@gmail.com 6900319475328460034131 6900319475328460034131 No Student Research Committee, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گناباد، گناباد، ایران Z. Aghalari زهرا آقالری z.aghalari@gmail.com 6900319475328460034132 6900319475328460034132 Yes Student Research Committee, Gonabad University of Medical Sciences, Gonabad, Iran کمیته تحقیقات دانشجویی، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی گناباد، گناباد، ایران