fa تحلیل خوشه‌بندی فضایی-زمانی مرگ و میر کووید-19 در استان همدان: یک مطالعه اکولوژیک بهداشت Environmental Health پژوهشي Research <p><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:125%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:125%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">زمینه و هدف:</span></span></span></b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:125%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:"> اطلاعات مرتبط با نحوه انتشار بیماری و عوامل خطر مکانی می‌تواند به سیاست‌گذاران و مدیران در کنترل بیماری کمک کند</span></span></span><b>.</b> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:125%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">این مطالعه با هدف تحلیل </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:125%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">خوشه‌بندی فضایی- زمانی مرگ و میر کووید-19 در </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:125%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">استان همدان انجام شد.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:125%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:125%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مواد و روش‌ها: </span></span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:125%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">مطالعه حاضر یک پژوهش اکولوژیک است. کلیه بیماران با تشخیص قطعی کووید-19 و مرگ به علت کووید در استان همدان از ابتدای 1399 تا پایان 1401 </span></span></span><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:125%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">وارد مطالعه شدند. جهت نمایش توزیع موارد مرگ از نقشه‌های پهنه‌بندی استفاده شد. برای </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:125%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">تحلیل نقطه </span></span></span><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:125%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">داغ از آماره </span></span></span>Getis-Ord G <span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:125%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">استفاده شد.</span></span></span> <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:125%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">برای بررسی روند مرگ و میر کووید-19 در طول اپیدمی، از مدل پواسون استفاده شد.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:125%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:125%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">یافته‌ها: </span></span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:125%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">در مجموع، 7265 بیمار مبتلا به کووید-19 که در طول دوره مطالعه فوت کردند، وارد مطالعه شدند</span></span></span>. <span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:125%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">در آبان 1399، اردیبهشت و شهریور 1400 بیشترین موارد مرگ ناشی از کووید-19 رخ داده که این ماه‌ها در اوج موج‌های سوم، چهارم و پنجم اپیدمی قرار دارند. مرگ در هریک از دوره‌های زمانی، نسبت به دوره مبنا (اول 1399) به طور معنی‌داری تغییر کرده است. خطر نسبی مرگ به علت کووید-19 در استان در نیمه دوم سال 1399 و نیمه اول سال 1400 نسبت به دوره مبنا افزایشی و در دوره‌های بعدی کاهشی بوده است. نقاط پرخطر در استان همدان از نظر بروز مرگ از ابتدای 1399 تا پایان 1401</span></span></span><b> </b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:125%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">در تعدای از شهرستان‌های شمالی و مرکزی استان قرار داشته‌اند.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:125%"><span style="direction:rtl"><span style="unicode-bidi:embed"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:125%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">نتیجه‌گیری</span></span></span></b><b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:125%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">: </span></span></span></b><span lang="FA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:125%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">در ابتدا، مناطق پرخطر در شهرستان‌های شمالی استان قرار داشته‌اند و در میانه دوره اپیدمی، دامنه مناطق پرخطر به شهرستان‌های مرکزی-جنوبی و سپس جنوبی استان گسترش پیدا کرد.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">واژه‌های کلیدی: </span></span></span></b><span dir="RTL" lang="AR-SA" style="font-size:12.0pt"><span style="line-height:107%"><span b="" nazanin="" style="font-family:">کووید-19، سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی، تحلیل خوشه‌بندی فضایی- زمانی، همدان</span></span></span></p> <p><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:135%"><span style="tab-stops:-45.0pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><a name="_Hlk114425361"><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:135%">Background and Objectives: </span></span></b></a><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:135%">Information related to the spread of disease and spatial risk factors can assist policymakers and managers in disease control. This study aimed to analyze the spatial-temporal clustering of COVID-19 mortality in Hamadan Province.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:135%"><span style="tab-stops:-45.0pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:135%">Materials and Methods:</span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:135%"> The present study is an ecological research. All patients with a definitive diagnosis of COVID-19 and death due to COVID in Hamadan Province from the beginning of 2020 to the end of 2022 were included in the study. Zoning maps were used to display the distribution of death cases.The Getis-Ord G statistic was utilized for hot spot analysis. To examine the trend of COVID-19 mortality over the course of the epidemic, a Poisson model was employed.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:135%"><span style="tab-stops:-45.0pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:135%">Results:</span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:135%"> In total, 7265 COVID-19 patients who died during the study period were included. In November 2020, and May and September 2021, the highest cases of COVID-19 related deaths occurred, coinciding with the peaks of the third, fourth, and fifth waves of the epidemic. In each of the studied periods, COVID-19 mortality significantly changed compared to the baseline period (from March to September 2020). The relative risk of death due to COVID-19 in the province increased from October to February 2020 and March to September 2021 compared to the baseline period and decreased in subsequent periods. High-risk points in Hamadan Province regarding the incidence of deaths caused by COVID-19 from March 2020 to February 2022 were located in several northern and central counties of the province.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:135%"><span style="tab-stops:-45.0pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:135%">Conclusion:</span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:135%"> At the beginning of the epidemic, high-risk areas with high incidence rates were located in the northern counties of the province. In later stages, during the middle of the epidemic, the range of high-risk areas expanded to the central-southern and then southern counties of the province.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:135%"><span style="tab-stops:-45.0pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:135%">Keywords:</span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:135%"> COVID-19, Geographic information system, Spatial-temporal clustering analysis, Hamadan</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:135%"><span style="tab-stops:-45.0pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:135%"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:135%"><span style="tab-stops:-45.0pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:135%">Funding:</span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:135%"> This study did not have any funds.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:135%"><span style="tab-stops:-45.0pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:135%">Conflict of interest:</span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:135%"> None declared.</span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:135%"><span style="tab-stops:-45.0pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:135%">Ethical considerations:</span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:135%"> The Ethics Committee of Hamadan University approved the study (IR.UMSHA.REC.1401.393). </span></span></span></span></span></span></span><br> <span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:135%"><span style="tab-stops:-45.0pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:135%">Authors&rsquo; contributions:</span></span></b></span></span></span></span></span></p> <ul> <li style="margin-right:13px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:135%"><span style="tab-stops:-45.0pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-size:9.0pt"></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:135%">Conceptualization:</span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:135%"> Ali Moradi</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></li> <li style="margin-right:13px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:135%"><span style="tab-stops:-45.0pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-size:9.0pt"></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:135%">Methodology:</span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:135%"> Nastaran Moradi</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></li> <li style="margin-right:13px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:135%"><span style="tab-stops:-45.0pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-size:9.0pt"></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:135%">Data collection: </span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:135%">Mohammad Mirzaei</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></li> <li style="margin-right:13px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:135%"><span style="tab-stops:-45.0pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-size:9.0pt"></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:135%">Formal analysis: </span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:135%">Ali Moradi, Nastaran Moradi</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></li> <li style="margin-right:13px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:135%"><span style="tab-stops:-45.0pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-size:9.0pt"></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:135%">Supervision: </span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:135%">Ali Moradi, Nastaran Moradi, Mohammad Mirzaei</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></li> <li style="margin-right:13px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:135%"><span style="tab-stops:-45.0pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-size:9.0pt"></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:135%">Project administration: </span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:135%">Nastaran Moradi</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></li> <li style="margin-right:13px; text-align:justify"><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:135%"><span style="tab-stops:-45.0pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><span style="font-size:9.0pt"></span><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:135%">Writing &ndash; original draft: </span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:135%">Fatemeh Darabi, Ali Moradi, Nastaran Moradi</span></span></span></span></span></span></span></li> </ul> <p><span style="font-size:10pt"><span style="line-height:135%"><span style="tab-stops:-45.0pt"><span style="text-autospace:none"><span new="" roman="" style="font-family:" times=""><b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:135%">Writing &ndash; review & editing: </span></span></b><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:135%">Fatemeh Darabi, Ali Moradi, Nastaran Moradi</span></span><span style="font-size:9.0pt"><span style="line-height:135%"></span></span></span></span></span></span></span></p> کووید-19, سیستم اطلاعات جغرافیایی, تحلیل خوشه‌بندی فضایی- زمانی, همدان COVID-19, Geographic information system, Spatial-temporal clustering analysis, Hamadan 141 153 http://journal.rums.ac.ir/browse.php?a_code=A-10-4534-5&slc_lang=fa&sid=1 ّAli Moradi علی مرادی amoradi1350@yahoo.com 6900319475328460060465 6900319475328460060465 No 1. مرکز تحقیقات بهداشت و ایمنی شغلی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی همدان، همدان، ایران Fatemeh Darabi فاطمه دارابی fatemedarabi43@yahoo.com 6900319475328460060466 6900319475328460060466 No 2. گروه بهداشت عمومی، دانشکده علوم پزشکی اسداباد، اسداباد، ایران Mohammad Mirzaei محمد میرزایی mirzaei@yahoo.com 6900319475328460060467 6900319475328460060467 No 3. گروه اپیدمیولوژی، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی همدان، همدان، ایران Nastaran Moradi نسترن مرادی moradi.nastaran80@gmail.com 6900319475328460060468 6900319475328460060468 Yes گروه اپیدمیولوژی، دانشکده بهداشت، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی همدان، همدان، ایران