Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
1735-3165
1
2
2002
6
1
Hyperendemic goiter in the Raviz of Rafsanjan, are there another unknown goiterogens?
64
74
OTHER
Introduction: Endemic goiter due to lodine deficiency is one of the health problems in developing cointries includs Iran. So, national committee for control of lodine dificiency disorders has been planed salt lodinization program from 1368. The purpose of this study was to evaluate goiter status and it’s relation with urinary lodine excretion in schoolchildren in vill of Raviz (Raviz includs 6 smal – villages) of Rafsanjan.
Methods: 320 schoolchildren (boys and girls) the age of 6-12 years, those were whole schoolchildren in the Raviz, were examined for goiter and classified according to WHO classification and their urinary lodine excretion was measured. Also, drinking water lodine of Raviz was measured.
Results: 87.34% of girls and 81.47% of boys had different grades of goiter, but, the majority were found grade I and since II. 25% of schoolchildren had severe urinary lodine defeciency (<2ug/dl), 4.4% moderate (2.1-4.9ug/dl) and 10.3% mild (5-9.9 ug/dl). The concentration of urinary lodine in 60.3% of schoolchildren were more than 10ug/dl (normal). Of 6 small – villages of vill of Raviz which this study were carried out there, only in one of them, concentration of lodine in the drinking water was 15.2 ug/dl, but in others were less than 2ug/dl.
Discussion:Although , the concentration of lodine in drinking water in 5 small-villages of Raviz were less than 2mg/dl, but in 60.3% of schoolchildren urinary lodine were found normal. So lodized salt consumption have had considerable effects on control of lodine deficiency. In addition severe endemic goiter in this area is independent to lodine deficiency, or the period of time of lodized salt consumption was not enough. Another possibility is present of unknown goitrogens in this area that should be discovered by more study.
Key words: Goiter, disturbance due to lodine dificiency, goitrogen.
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
1735-3165
1
2
2002
6
1
Evaluation of root canal anatomy in mandibular anterior
Teeth and mandibular and maxillary premolars.
75
84
OTHER
Background: Knowledge about the anatomy of root canals is an important facror in the prognosis of root canal therapy .The purpose of this study is to derermine the root canal
anatomy in mandibalar anterior reeth and premolars by clear and dye peneration
method.
Materials and methods:In this study, 350 human mandibular anterior teeth and mandibular and maxillary premolars(from each:50 teeth)were used to determine the number of root canals and accessory and lateral canals . The examination of root canal systems was based on vertucci’s classification and with the method of clear and dye penetration with a little difference to compare with other researches.
Results:The frequency of type I in central,lateral incisors and cuspids averaged 84.%78and %94, type II:%10 ,%12 and%4, typeIII%2 ,%2 and%0, typeIV averaged%8 and%2. The frequency of lateral canals in these teeth averaged %10 , %12 and %10 and accessory canals averaged %24,%28 and%20.
The frequency of type I in mandibular premolars averaged %78 and%90,typeII%2 and%4,typeIV%6 and %4, type V averaged %14 and%2.The frequency of lateral canals in these teeth was %34 and %28 and accessory canals was %20 and %20.
The frequency of type I in maxillary permolars averaged %10, %54, typeII %24 and %20, type IV %4 and %24 , type V averaged %2 and %2. The frequency of lateral canals in these teeth was %14 and %4 and accessory canals averaged %18 and %22.
Conclusion : Our method with a little difference to compare with other researches is a good and precise way for evaluation of root canal anatomy.
Keywords: Clear and dye penetration-accessory canal-lateral canal
Root canal anatomy-premolar-anterior teeth
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
1735-3165
1
2
2002
6
1
The factors influencing the immune response to hepatitis B vaccine and persistence of the protection.
85
98
OTHER
Hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection and its sequelae which include cirrhosis and hepatocellular carcinoma is a major public health problem throught the world.The WHO strategy for effective control of HBV infection is vaccination with the surface antigen of virus(HBsAg).The results obtained from a large number of studies demonstrated that the vaccine induces a protective antibody resonse (anti-HBs > 10 IU/L) in the majority of vaccinees,but 1-10% of subjecte fail to repond.This unresponsiveness to HBsAg has been attributed to a variety of mechanisms including expression of certain HLA antigens and haplotypes, defect in HBsAg-specific T-cell and B-cell repertoire , defect in antigen presenting cell function, immunological tolerance and imbalance in T helper cell function. Furthermore immunization factors that influence immunogenicity include type of vaccine dosage ,number and timing of injections, site and route of injections.Host factors such as sex, age weight ,genetics,immunological competency of the host and smoking also may influence the immune response to HB vaccine.The level of anti-HBs dose wane after vaccination.This phenomenon has fuctional significance for booster vaccination.In this review article the factor that affect the immunogenicity of HB vaccine,immunological basis of unresponsiveness to vaccine and persistence of protection were evaluated.
Key words. Hepatitis B vaccine, Immunogenicity, Unresponsiveness, Anti-HBs antibody
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
1735-3165
1
2
2002
6
1
Inhibitory effects of curcumin, lawsonia, and ginger on kaolin induced paw edema in the rat
99
112
OTHER
Background: Curcumin is yellow pigment of tumeric, and, that is extracted from it lawsonia (2-hydroxy 1,4 naphtoquinon) is a natural product and it is extracted from henna. Ginger is a dried rhizomes gained from a plant called zingiber officinalea, which is extracted from the family of ginger.
Material and Methods: This experimental study performed on adult male rats. Acute inflammatory edema was induced by intraplantar injection of 0.1ml of 4%kaolin. Various concentrations of curcumin 5,10mmol, Lowsonia 10,20 mmol, ginger 5,20 mg/kg and ibuprofen 12mg/kg given S.C. immedately after kaolin injection. Paw edema assessed by calculation of volume changes and by extravasation of Evans blue dye in test group compared to the control, 4 hours after kaolin injection.
Results: The results showed that 4% kaolin increased paw volume by 0.36±0.06ml, which was significantly inhibited by curcumin 69.4% at both concenterations (P<0.001). Lawosonia also had significantly inhibitory effect on increased paw volume, by 72% and 66% at 10 and 20 mmol respectively (P<0.001). The paw volune was significantly reduced, 38.8%, and 44.8% by giner at 5 and 20mg/kg respectively (P<0.01). No significant difference were found between inhibitory effects of ibuprofen and curcumin or lawsonia, but the effects of ibuprofen was found to more than ginger (P<0.05). Kaolin injection also induce 237% increase in Evans blue extravasation, which was reduced only by ginger 30.7% and 33.3% at low and high doseses respectively.
Conclusion: These data suggest that, curcumin, Lawsonia, and ginger can inhibit kaolin-induced inflammatory edema, so that, the effects of curcumin and lawsonia are comparable to ibuprofen. Ginger also reduced protein leakage from vessels.
Keyword: Curcumin, Lawsonia, Ginger, Paw edema, Acute inflammation
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
1735-3165
1
2
2002
6
1
Detection of P 53 gene mutations in exons 5 and 8 in patients of familial breast cancer with PCR-SSCP methode.
113
125
OTHER
Background: Breast cancer is one of the most common cancer of women in the world. Although different genetic alteration has been reported in this malignancy, but P 53 gene mutations has more frequency. P 53 gene is one of the most important suppressor genes and it play a central role in breast cancer and detecting of mutations in this gene would be very helpful in understanding of genetic mechanisms in intiation and progress of this cancer.
Materials - Methods: 32 patients with familial breast cancer were selected and biopsy of breast as sample were studied. DNA extraction were performed by phenol-chloroform method and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for amplification of exons 5 and 8 were carried out. Inorder to detection of mutations SSCP (single strand conformation polymorphism) method was used and SSCP polyachrilamid gels were staind by silver nitrate. Abnormal band incompare with controls were selected as matation.
Results: 2 mutations in exon 5 and 4 mutations in exon 8 were detected by analysing of SSCP gels. There were not found any statistical differences relationship between breast cancer and different tumour establisher agents.
Discussion: Mutation of P 53 gene has been known as starter of breast cancer in the different population. In some area mutation of P 53 gene is cause of breast cancer with 80%
frequency.
Due to some limitation in our study, such as: number of patients and exons that were studied, could not conclude an exact interpretation between P 53 gene mutation and breast cancer.
In order to reveal dominant P 53 gene mutations in iranian people, we recommend to perform this study on more patients with breast cancer and all exons of P 53 gene in Iran.
Key words: Breast cancer, P53 gene, Mutation, PCR-SSCP
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
1735-3165
1
2
2002
6
1
Evaluation of iron status in patients with coronary artery disease
126
134
OTHER
Background: Iron can causes lipid peroxidation in vivo and in vitro. Iron promotes myocardial injury in experimental animals. Low Density Lipoprotein (LDL) oxidation by oxidants including iron have a central role in atherosclerotic process. By this means, evaluation of serum iron in patients with coronary artery disease (CAD) has a significant importance. Materials and Methods: In this cross sectional, prospective study, 112 patients with C.A.D and 63 cases without CAD, with known coronary anatomy by coronary angiography, were evaluated. Serum iron, ferritin, Lipoprotein (a), LDL, HDL were measured in their fasting blood sample with elisa kite. patien's were also evaluated for known CAD risk factors eg. diabetes mellitus, hypertension, cigarette smoking family history of CAD and hyperuricemia. Patients with anemia, renal and hepatic disease, history of malabsorption, hemochromatosis, chronic infection, inflammatory or immunological disorders, known neoplastic disorders and heart failure were excluded Both groups were identical in socioeconomic status.
Results: Mean serum iron level in case group (with C.A.D) was 12.9+4umol and in control group (without CAD) was 8.1+5umol, there was significant difference between these valuse (P<0.001). Mean serum ferritin level in case group was 126+75ug/L and 101+75ug/L in control group. There was also significant difference between these values P<0.005.
Conclusion: Regard to the results of this study that shows serum iron and ferritin level were significantly higher in groups with CAD, without interference of other known risk factros, it may be possible that iron status of body can play a role in atherosclerotic process.
Keywords: Coronary atherosclerosis, ferritin, serum iron
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
1735-3165
1
2
2002
6
1
Determination of frequency the non-immune to rubella in 14-18 years old girls in
rafsanjan city 1379
135
144
OTHER
Background and objective: Congenital Rubella Syndrom (CSR) could be prevented if young women knew their immune status befor pregnancy,contributing in this way to decrease the birth morbidity rate due to CRS amonge the children.
Method: In order to determination the level of antibody or immunity to rubella in rafsanjan city,270 sera of 14-18 years old girls were evaluated reterospectivly.ELISA method used for detection of IgG Antibody against rubella virus.
Finding: from 270 cases that contributed in this study, 19 cases (7.1%) were nonimmune and 251 (92.9%) were immune according to this method. None of the people in the study had the history of rubella vaccination. The average of antibody concentration in age groups 14, 15, 16, 17 and 18 was respectively 264.8, 209.25, 241.25, 214.13 and 148.17 (Iu/ml). Except the 15 year olds, in the other groups with rasing of age the antibody also rises.
Conclusion: Due to lack of past vaccination history, it was conducted that the immunity acquisition was in natural route. It could be due prevalance Rubella infection in the Rafsanjan city.
Key Words: rubella,immunity, Antibody, Young Women