69 1735-3165 Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences 2707 Microbiology When to Write the Article Derived from a Research? Rezaeian M. 1 6 2015 14 3 173 174 02 06 2015 02 06 2015 سخن سردبیر Editorial مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان دوره 14، خرداد 1394، 174-173       چه زمانی مقاله حاصل از یک پژوهش را به رشته تحریر در آوریم؟   When to Write the Article Derived from a Research?     محسن رضائیان[1] M. Rezaeian   یکی از مهم‌ترین سؤالاتی که پژوهشگران ممکن است با آن روبه‌رو گردند، این است که: "چه زمانی مقاله حاصل از یک پژوهش را باید به رشته تحریر در آوریم؟" شواهد موجود، پاسخ به این سؤال را این گونه ارائه می‌نمایند که : "در کوتاه‌ترین زمان ممکن پس از انجام پژوهش و انجام تجزیه و تحلیل‌های مرتبط!" نوشتن یک مقاله بلافاصله پس از انجام پژوهش و تکمیل تجزیه و تحلیل‌های مرتبط، محاسن زیادی را در بر ‌دارد [‍‍1] که در این سخن سردبیری به برخی از این موارد اشاره می‌نمائیم: 1- مهم‌ترین دلیلی که برای این امر می‌توان اقامه نمود آن است که به ویژه در تحقیقات مرتبط با سلامت، محققین از نظر اخلاقی موظف هستند که یافته‌های خود را در اسرع وقت چاپ و منتشر نمایند تا جامعه از نتایج این یافته‌ها استفاده لازم را بنماید. 2- هرگونه تأخیر در نگارش و چاپ مقاله حاصل از یک پژوهش، منجر به کهنگی یافته‌های پژوهش خواهد شد. هر چقدر زمان تأخیر به طول انجامد، این کهنگی بیشتر و بیشتر خواهد شد. 3- ممکن است علاوه بر کهنه شدن مطالب، یک تیم پژوهشی دیگر یافته‌های مشابه با یافته‌های تحقیق شما را به دست آورده و چاپ نماید. در این صورت، چاپ نتایج حاصل از تحقیق شما نه تنها تازگی اولیه را ندارد، بلکه ممکن است به دلیل چاپ یافته‌های مشابه، با مشکل روبرو شود. 4-  دلیل دیگری که تسریع در چاپ و انتشار مقاله را ضروری می‌سازد، این است که داوران ممکن است از شما درخواست تجزیه و تحلیل‌های بیشتری را بنمایند. همچنین، آن‌ها ممکن است سؤالاتی مرتبط با مواد و روش‌های مطالعه شما مطرح نمایند. در این صورت، شما آمادگی بیشتری برای انجام چنین تجزیه و تحلیل‌ها و ارائه پاسخ مناسب به این قبیل سؤالات را خواهید داشت. 5- بالاخره نگارش و چاپ مقاله، شما را در نردبان بی‌نهایت علم یک پله بالاتر می‌برد. در این صورت نه تنها افق جدیدی در پیش روی شما گسترده می‌شود، بلکه شخصیت علمی والاتری برای شما رقم زده خواهد شد. بنابراین، هرگاه پروژه پژوهشی شما به پایان رسید، بدون معطلی یافته‌های نوین خود را در قالب یک مقاله علمی به رشته تحریر درآورید.   Reference   [1] Davidson A, Delbridge. How to write a research paper. Pediatrics and Child Health 2011 22(2): 61-5.     [1]- استاد گروه آموزشی پزشکی اجتماعی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان  تلفن: 34264003-034، دورنگار: 34255209-034، پست الکترونیکی: moeygmr2@yahoo.co.uk
2289 Nursing Surveying Health-Related Quality of Life and Related Factors in the Diabetic Elderly in Mashhad in 2013 Kooshyar H. c Shoorvazi M. d Dalir Z. e Hoseini S.M. f c mashhad university of medical d mashhad university of medical e mashhad university of medical f mashhad university of medical 1 6 2015 14 3 175 188 04 09 2014 13 04 2015 Background and Objective: Increasing of life expectancy and aging is associated with noncommunicable diseases including diabetes, so this disease can affect various aspects of their lives. Therefore, this study is aimed to determine the level of health-related quality of life in the elderly with diabetes and its effectors. Materials and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on the 300 diabetics elderly (60 years and older) who referred to health centers in Mashhad. Multi-stage cluster sampling was used. Data was collected by in-person interviews using standardized health-related quality of life, demographic characteristics and Duke Social Support Questionnaire. Data analyses were done by using SPSS (version 21) descriptive statistics and linear regression. The p-value less than 0.05 were considered as significant. Results: The results showed that the mean of health-related quality of life among the elderly is 57.56±11.01. According to the classification, (58.7%) 176 of the elderly had moderate health-related quality of life. Also, the social dimension of (70%) 210 the diabetics elderly was  good. But in the physical dimension, (45%) 135 had low levels and in the psychological dimension, (63.3%) 190 were moderate. Furthermore, multiple linear regression showed that the most significant elderly quality of life predictors were sex, history of diabetes, education, marital status, health insurance status, respectively (p<0.05). Conclusion: The increasing elderly population with diabetes and the importance of the various factors on quality of life, it is seemed to plan for improvement affecting factors and promotion of their quality of life. Key words: Health-related quality of life, Elderly, Diabetes, Related factors   Funding: This research was funded by Mashhad University of Medical Sciences. Conflict of interest: None declared. Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences approved this study.   How to cite this article: Kooshyar H, Shoorvazi M, Dalir Z, Hoseini SM. Surveying Health-Related Quality of Life and Related Factors in the Diabetic Elderly in Mashhad in 2013. J RafsanjanUniv Med Sci 2015 14(3): 175-88. [Farsi] 2390 تغذیه The Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among Dental Students Yazd University of Medical Sciences of Yazd in 2014 Mohammadi M. Mahmoodi Darvishani S. Mirzaei M. Bahrololoomi Z. Sheikhi A. Bidbozorg H. Sajedi S. 1 6 2015 14 3 189 198 18 11 2014 08 04 2015 Background and Objective: The prevalence of overweight and obesity is significantly increasing in the world and this study aims to investigate the rate of overweight and obesity among students of dentistry to obtain correct and better information about enforcement of dental treatment and create a very useful guide for health policy-makers. Materials and Methods: The present study is a descriptive study.A total of 181 dental students of Yazd Shahid Sadoughi University of Medical Sciences and Health Services, in the first semester of the academic year 2014-2015 were studied by random selection as examples, their information were collected by questionnaires and by anthropometric device, then an independent t-test analysis was done inorder to study the difference of average. Data, was divided by age, sex and family history. Results: The prevalence of obesity, overweight and abdominal obesity among boys was more than girls. The prevalence of obesity among boys was 21 %, while the rate among girls was 2%, and overall prevalence was 11%. The prevalence of overweight among boys was 28% and among girls 15%, and the overall prevalence was 22%. The prevalence of abdominal obesity among boys was 19% and among girls was 11%, and the overall prevalence was 15%. These results indicates the significant statistical differences between males and females (p value < 0.05). Conclusion: In the Faculties of Dentistry, due to high activity of students and the high number of clients, the students' attention to their nutrition is very low. So, it can be recommended that the Ministry of Health and Medical Education, and the presidents of the faculties, put priority on paying attention to students nourishment. Key words: Obesity, Abdominal obesity, Overweight, Students   Funding: This research was funded by Shahid Sadoughy University of Medical Sciences. Conflict of interest: None declared. Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Shahid Sadoughy University of Medical Sciences approved the study.   How to cite this article: Mohammadi M, Mahmoodi Darvishani S, Mirzaei M, Bahrololoomi Z, Sheikhi A, Bidbozorg H, Sajedi S. The Prevalence of Overweight and Obesity among dental students of Medical Sciences of Yazd in 2014. J RafsanjanUniv Med Sci 2015 14(3): 189-98. [Farsi] 2405 Nursing Waiting Time Facilitators from Viewpoint of Family Members of Patients Undergoing Surgery: A Qualitative Study Sadeghi T. n Dehghan nayeri N. o Abbaszadeh A. p n rums o tums p shahid beheshti 1 6 2015 14 3 199 210 05 12 2014 15 04 2015 Background and Objective: The surgical waiting area is that place where families and friends await news concerning their patient who is undergoing surgery they spend hours wondering and worrying. This study aimed to explain factors that facilitate waiting time according to experience of family members of patients undergoing surgery. Materials and Methods: This is a qualitative research. Participants were 17 from family members of patients undergoing surgery, they were selected by purposeful and theoretical sampling. Semi-structured interviews were performed for data collection and data were analyzed using content analysis approach. Results: During analysis 2 themes and 5 subthemes emerged. They included: support [“family support”, “personnel support”], satisfaction [“attention and personnel accountability”, “skill of medical team” and “nursing care”]. Conclusion: These findings of the present study could help nurses for better and holistic care services. Keywords: Waiting, Surgery, Family members, Facilitators, Qualitative study   Funding: This research was funded by Kerman University of Medical Sciences. Conflict of interest: None declared. Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Kerman University of Medical Sciences approved the study.   How to cite this article: Sadeghi T, Dehghan nayeri N, Abbaszadeh A.. Waiting Time Facilitators from Viewpoint of Family Members of Patients Undergoing Surgery:A Qualitative Study. J RafsanjanUniv Med Sci 2014 14(3): 199-210. [Farsi] 2191 Physiology Effects of Metformin Microinjection into Lateral Ventricles on Memory Retention of Streptozotocin Rat Model of Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease Haghdost H. Esmaeili M.H. Sofiabadi M. Rastak S. Heydari B. Charmchi Z. Ghasemi L. Qazvin university of medical science Qazvin university of medical science Qazvin university of medical science Qazvin university of medical science Qazvin university of medical science Qazvin university of medical science free university 1 6 2015 14 3 211 222 10 06 2014 08 04 2015 Background and Objective: Insulin regulates many important processes in the central nervous system such as synaptic plasticity, learning and memory. Experimental evidence suggest a link between type 2 diabetes and Alzheimer’s disease (AD). Insulin modulates the metabolism of beta-amyloid precursor protein in neurons, decreasing the intracellular accumulation of beta-amyloid. The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of intraventricular injection of Metformin on memory retention in streptozotocin (STZ) rat model of Alzheimer's disease. Materials and Methods: A total of 56 male wistar rats (200-250 gr) were divided into 7 groups (n=8): Control, Sham, STZ, STZ +Salin, STZ +Metformin. For induction of AD, STZ (3 mg/kg, i.c.v, 10 μl each) were administered bilaterally into latral ventricles. Two weeks later all rats were trained in one trial step-through passive avoidance learning. Saline (5 ul) or Metformin (50,100,200ug/kg, 5 ul, i.c.v) were injected through the guide cannula immediately after training. Retention test was done two days later. Results: Our results showed that post-training microinjection of Metformin into lateral ventricles improves memory retention in STZ rat model of AD in a dose dependent manner, so that the time spent in the light chamber before entering to the dark area in the STZ + Metformin (200ug/kg) group rats were significantly more than STZ group. Conclusion:  The results indicated that Metformin is useful for treatment of Alzheimer's disease. Key words: Alzheimer, Metformin, Intraventricular, Passive avoidance learning, Memory retention, Streptozotocin   Funding: This research was funded by Qazvine University of Medical Sciences. Conflict of interest: None declared. Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Qazvine University of Medical Scinces approved the study.   How to cite this article: Haghdost H, Esmaeili MH, Sofiabadi M, Rastak S, Heydari B, Charmchi Z, Ghasemi L. Effects of Metformin Microinjection into Lateral Ventricles on Memory Retention of Streptozotocin Rat Model of Sporadic Alzheimer's Disease.. J RafsanjanUniv Med Sci 2014 14(3): 222-211. [Farsi] 2281 روانپزشکی Study of the Perfectionism Role and Body Mass Index in Prediction of Eating Disorders with Mediating the Role of Body Dissatisfaction among Female Students of University Rezaei M. Aflakseir A. Mohammadi N. Yavari A. H. Ghayour M. shiraz university shiraz university shiraz university shiraz university tehran university 1 6 2015 14 3 223 234 28 08 2014 08 04 2015 Background and Objective: The eating disorder is one of the most psychological disorders in women. There are many causes of eating disorder , which include perfectionism, body mass index (BMI) and body dissatisfaction. Therefore, the aim of this study was to design and test a model of perfectionism, BMI as precedents for eating disorder with mediating the role of body dissatisfaction among female students of university. Materials and Methods: The designed model in this descriptive study was tested in a sample of 302 female students of Shiraz University in the academic year 2013-2014. Eating Attitude Test (EAT-26), Perfectionism Ahvaz Scale and Body Shape Questionnaire (BSQ-8D) were used to assess eating disorder, perfectionism and body dissatisfaction. The proposed model was tested based on structural equations modeling (SEM). In order to test the mediating effects of the proposed model and determine their significance, Cohen and Cohen method was used. Results: The findings indicated that the proposed model is suitable. The results also supported the mediating role of body dissatisfaction in the relationship between BMI, perfectionism and eating disorder. Conclusion: The perfectionism and BMI were good precedents and body dissatisfaction was good mediator for eating disorder in female students. Due to the impact of these disorders on physical and mental health of young people, the lifestyle, environmental, and social aspects influencing the development eating disorders and body dissatisfaction in this group should be monitored. Key words: Body Mass Index, Body dissatisfaction, Eating disorder, Perfectionism, Female students of university   Funding: This study did not have any funds. Conflict of interest: None declared. Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of  Shiraz University approved the study.   How to cite this article: Rezaei M, Aflakseir A, Mohammadi N, Yavari AH, Ghayour M. Study of the Perfectionism Role and Body Mass Index in Prediction of Eating Disorders with Mediating the Role of Body Dissatisfaction among Female Students of University. J RafsanjanUniv Med Sci 2015 14(3): 223-34 [Farsi] 2287 Community Medicine Effects of Stress Management Training on Social Adjustment of Rasht Hospitals Female Medical Staff Khoshravesh V. Pourmohsen M. Khayyat S. Islamic Azad University of Tonekabon, Iran. Shahid Behshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran Zahedan Medical Sciences 1 6 2015 14 3 235 244 01 09 2014 15 06 2015 Background and Objective: Stress management training as one of the life skills including awareness and promoting socio-mental abilities and causing better adjustment, also increasing mental, physical and social health of individuals. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of stress management training on social adjustment of Rasht hospitals female medical staff. Materials and Methods: This study is an educational trial. The statistical sample of the research included 30 female medical staff in hospitals who were selected through cluster sampling and divided randomly into control and experimental groups. The research instrument was a Bell's adjustment questionnaire. It should be noted that the subjects with lower scores on test of Bell's adjustment questionnaire, are more adjustable and vice versa. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, t-dependent (Paired t- Test), Independent t-Test and the significance level was 0.05. Results: The mean and standard deviation of the post-test (14.47±1.35) versus pre-test scores (19.20±1.41) decreased which represents an increase of compatibility after the intervention (p<0.0001). Results of independent t-test showed that after stress management training, there was significant difference between experimental and control groups (p<0.0001). Conclusion: The results showed that stress management training is effective on social adjustment, as adjustment after a stress management training, was improved. Stress management training programs to improve the adjustment of components in various aspects of life, especially social one. Key words: Stress management training, Social adjustment   Funding: This research was funded by Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon Branch. Conflict of interest: None declared. Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Islamic Azad University, Tonekabon Branch approved the study.   How to cite this article: Khoshravesh V, Pourmohsen M, Khayyat S. Effects of Stress Management Training on Social Adjustment of Rasht Hospitals female Medical Staff. J RafsanjanUniv Med Sci 2015 14(3): 235-44. [Farsi] 2477 Psychiatry The Comparison of the Internal-External Religious Orientation and Membership in Social Networks among the Youth with a History of Delinquency and Ordinary People: A Short Report Ataie Moghanloo V. Alaei Bousjin M. Mosayyebzadeh L. Ataie Moghanloo R. 1 6 2015 14 3 245 252 17 01 2015 23 05 2015 Background and Objective: Recognizing effective factors influencing crime among adolescents and young people is very important in terms of the impact of religious orientation and emerging social networks. The aim of the present research was to compare the internal-external religious orientation and membership in social networks among young people with history of criminality and normal individual. Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, samples included two groups individuals with a history of delinquency and normal. Each group contained 45 people and they were selected by convenience sampling. To collect data, administered demographic characteristics and Religious Orientation Allport Questionnaires were carried out on subjects. Data were analyzed using Multivariate Analysis of Variance (MANOVA). Results: The findings indicated that there was a significant difference between the mean of months of membership in social networks (p=0.021), internal religious orientation (p=0.002) and external one (p=0.036), among young people with history of criminality and normal individuals. Thus, mean of months of membership in social networks, external religious orientation in young people with history of criminality was significantly more than that of normal individuals and internal religious orientation among them was significantly less than that in normal individuals. Conclusion: According to the results, strengthening the internal religious orientation and informing the youth can avoid effectively consequences of presence in the emerging social networks. Key words: Religious orientation, Social networks, Youth, Delinquent   Funding: This study did not have any funds. Conflict of interest: None declared. Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Azad Ardabil University approved the study.   How to cite this article: Ataie Moghanloo V, Alaei Bousjin M, Mosayyebzadeh L, Ataie Moghanloo R. The Comparison of the Internal-External Religious Orientation and Membership in Social Networks among the Youth with a History of Delinquency and Ordinary People: A Short Report. J RafsanjanUniv Med Sci 2015 14(3): 245-52. [Farsi] 2726 Statistics; Epidemiology A review on the book “Modern Epidemiology” Rezaeian M. 1 6 2015 14 3 253 254 15 06 2015 15 06 2015 سومین چاپ کتاب «اپیدمیولوژی نوین» (Modern Epidemiology) در سال 2008 میلادی و توسط انتشارات Lippincott Williams Wilkins با قیمت 101 دلار، روانه بازار کتاب شد. سرنوشت این کتاب، همانند سرنوشت دانش اپیدمیولوژی، بسیار جذاب و شنیدنی است. چاپ اول کتاب 20 سال قبل از چاپ سوم، یعنی در سال 1988 میلادی منتشر شده بود. چاپ اول، فقط یک نویسنده داشت و بسیار کم حجم بود. چاپ دوم کتاب 12 سال بعد از چاپ اول، یعنی در سال 2000 میلادی و با دو نویسنده اصلی و همکاری تعدادی از متخصصین رشته در زمینه‌های مختلف و با حجم وسیعتری منتشر شد تا منعکس کننده روند رو به رشد دانش اپیدمیولوژی باشد. اما، چاپ سوم، با سه نویسنده اصلی یعنی Geenland, Rothman و Lash همراه با همکاری شانزده متخصص دانش اپیدمیولوژی در زمینه‌های مختلف، به رشته تحریر در آمده است تا هر چه بیشتر در بر گیرنده زوایای گوناگون این دانش در حال توسعه باشد. چاپ اخیر کتاب در 758 صفحه و در برگیرنده 33 فصل است که در چهار بخش مختلف و به شکل نسبتاً استادانه‌ای به دنبال هم آمده‌اند. البته، لازم به توضیح است که فصل اول کتاب با عنوان مقدمه، جدای از این چهار بخش قرار دارد. بخش اول کتاب، در برگیرنده 4 فصل و با عنوان «مفاهیم پایه» (Basic Concepts) به خوانندگان کتاب کمک می‌کند تا درک صحیحی از مفاهیم بنیادین رشته نظیر: علیت، اندازه گیری‌های رویداد، اندازه‌های تأثیر و ارتباط و موضوعاتی از این دست داشته باشند. بخش دوم کتاب با عنوان «طراحی و اجرای مطالعه» (Study design and conduct) در برگیرنده 7 فصل می‌باشد که توضیح دهنده انواع مطالعات اپیدمیولوژیک، نظیر مطالعات همگروهی، مطالعات مورد شاهدی و موضوعاتی نظیر دقت و اعتبار در طراحی و تجزیه و تحلیل مطالعات اپیدمیولوژیک است. بخش سوم کتاب با عنوان «تجزیه و تحلیل داده ها» (Data analysis) در برگیرنده 8 فصل و پوشش دهنده موضوعاتی نظیر تجزیه و تحلیل‌های گروه ‌بندی شده (Categorized) و طبقه بندی شده (Stratified) و موضوعاتی نظیر آمار بیزین(Bayesian Statistics)  تجزیه و تحلیل تورش (Bias analysis)، مدل‌های رگرسیون (Regression models) و موضوعاتی از این دست می‌باشد. بالاخره بخش چهارم کتاب نیز، با عنوان «موضوعات خاص» (Special Topics) با 12 فصل در برگیرنده مباحث بسیار متنوعی به ویژه از شاخه‌های دانش اپیدمیولوژی، نظیر اپیدمیولوژی بالینی (Clinical epidemiology)، اپیدمیولوژی اجتماعی (Social epidemiology)، اپیدمیولوژی تغذیه (Nutritional epidemiology) و موضوعاتی از این دست می‌باشد. همچنین، مطالعات اکولوژیک (Ecological studies) که بیشتر به بخش دوم کتاب مرتبط می‌شود نیز در این بخش قرار داده شده است. اگر چه نهایت تلاش به عمل آمده است تا اغلب موضوعات مهم اپیدمیولوژیک در این کتاب آورده شوند، اما توجه به این نکته ضروری است که این کتاب بر اساس مسائل و مشکلات اپیدمیولوژیست‌ها در کشورهای پیشرفته به ویژه آمریکای شمالی به رشته تحریر در آمده است. بنابراین، جای خالی موضوعات بسیار مهمی نظیر اپیدمیولوژی جنگ و درگیری‌های نظامی (1) و اپیدمیولوژی بلایای طبیعی (2) که بیشتر گریبانگیر اپیدمیولوژیست‌ها در کشورهای در حال توسعه می‌باشد، در این کتاب مشهود است. همچنین، جالب توجه است که در سرتاسر کتاب، فقط یک بار به واژه فقر (Poverty) و آن هم در صفحه 536 کتاب و در فصل اپیدمیولوژی اجتماعی اشاره شده است. صرف نظر از این موضوعات، کتاب حاوی مطالب بسیار ارزشمندی است و از این رو، مطالعه آن به تمامی اساتید و دانشجویان تحصیلات تکمیلی رشته اپیدمیولوژی و سایر علاقمندان به این رشته که مشتاق درک بنیادین از این رشته می‌باشند، توصیه می‌گردد.       References   [1] Rezaeian M. War Epidemiology: An Urgent Plea. Epidemiology 2015 26(1): 10-11. [2] Rezaeian M. Epidemiological approaches to disasters and emergencies within the Middle East region. Middle East J Emerg Med 2007 7: 54-6.