1. Young KS. What makes the Internet addictive: Potential explanations for pathological Internet use. In 105th annual conference of the American Psychological Association, 1997 (Vol. 15, pp. 12-30).
2. Pew Research Center. Demographics of internet and home broadband usage in the United States. Retrieved from 2021.
3. Shorchi F, Javadi MJ, Davaie M, Farokhi N. The effectiveness of mindfulness-based group therapy with respect to the modification of early maladaptive schemas in reducing Internet addiction in high school girls. Medical Journal of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences (MUMS) 2020; 63(4): 2534-9 [Farsi]
4. Baturay MH, Toker S. Internet addiction among college students: Some causes and effects. ERIC 2019; 24: 2863-85.
5. Bustin S, Mohammadipour M. The Role of Positive Psychology Interventions on Emotion Control and Internet Addiction Treatment. Medical Journal of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences(MUMS) 2024; 67(1): 127-38. [Farsi]
6. Lehmann IS, Konstam V. Growing up perfect: Perfectionism, problematic Internet use, and career indecision in emerging adults. Journal of Career Development 2011; 89(2): 155-62.
7. Hill RW, Huelsman TJ, Furr RM, Kibler J, Vicente BB, Kennedy C. A new measure of perfectionism: The Perfectionism Inventory. Journal of Personality Assessment 2004; 82(1): 80-91.
8. Hewitt PL, Flett GL, Besser A, Sherry SB, McGee B. Perfectionism is multidimensional: A reply to. Behavior Research and Therapy 2003; 41(10): 1221-36.
9. Hauck C, Schipfer M, Ellrott T, Cook B. The relationship between food addiction and patterns of disordered eating with exercise dependence: In amateur endurance athletes. Eating and Weight Disorders 2020; 25: 1573-82.
10. Yang W, Morita N, Zuo Z, Kawaida K, Ogai Y, Saito T, et al. Maladaptive perfectionism and Internet addiction among Chinese college students: A moderated mediation model of depression and gender. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health 2021; 18(5): 2748.
11. Kuss DJ, Lopez-Fernandez O. Internet addiction and problematic Internet use: A systematic review of clinical research. World Journal of Psychiatry 2016; 6(1): 143.
12. Ko CH, Yen JY, Chen CS, Yeh YC, Yen CF. Predictive values of psychiatric symptoms for Internet addiction in adolescents: A 2-year prospective study. Archives of Pediatrics and Adolescent Medicine 2009; 163(10): 937-43.
13. Sadock BJ, Sadock VA. Kaplan & Sadock's Comprehensive Textbook of Psychiatry. 9th ed. Baltimore: Lippincott Williams & Wilkins; 2009. pp. 237.
14. Shannon J. The shyness and social anxiety workbook for teens: CBT and ACT skills to help you build social confidence. 1st ed. New Harbinger Publications; 2022. pp. 45.
15. Givon‐Benjio N, Oren‐Yagoda R, Aderka IM, Okon‐Singer H. Biased distance estimation in social anxiety disorder: A new avenue for understanding avoidance behavior. Depression and Anxiety 2020; 37(12): 1243-52.
16. ALHarbi BH, Al-Mehsin SA, Al-Rababaah JK, Ibrahim KA. The predictive ability of social anxiety within Internet addiction among university students. Journal of Education and e-Learning Research 2021; 8(3): 290-8.
17. Jaiswal A, Manchanda S, Gautam V, Goel AD, Aneja J, Raghav PR. Burden of Internet addiction, social anxiety, and social phobia among university students in India. Journal of Family Medicine and Primary Care 2020; 9(7): 3607-12.
18. Leo K, Kewitz S, Wartberg L, Lindenberg K. Depression and social anxiety predict Internet use disorder symptoms in children and adolescents at 12-month follow-up: Results from a longitudinal study. Frontiers in Psychology 2021; 12: 787162.
19. McGinty EE, Presskreischer R, Han H, Barry CL. Psychological distress and loneliness reported by US adults in 2018 and April 2020. JAMA 2020; 324(1): 93-4.
20. DiTommaso E, Brannen C, Best LA. Measurement and validity characteristics of the short version of the Social and Emotional Loneliness Scale for Adults (SELSA-S). Personality and Individual Differences 2004; 64(1): 99-119.
21. Buecker S, Horstmann KT, Luhmann M. Lonely today, lonely tomorrow: Temporal dynamics of loneliness in everyday life and its associations with psychopathological symptoms. SAGE 2024; 15(2): 170-81.
22. Maitland DW. Experiential avoidance and fear of intimacy: A contextual behavioral account of loneliness and resulting psychopathology symptoms. Journal of Contextual Behavioral Science 2020; 18: 193-200.
23. Oguz E, Cakir O. Relationship between the levels of loneliness and Internet addiction. The Anthropologist 2014; 18(1): 183-9.
24. Zareei MH, Yektafar M, Asadi S. The prediction of Internet addiction based on parental affection and social skills: The mediating role of loneliness in the ninth-grade students in Yazd. Journal of Family Research 2022; 18(1): 121-34. [Farsi]
25. Latief NS, Retnowati E. Loneliness and self-esteem as predictors of Internet addiction in adolescents. In 3rd International Conference on Current Issues in Education. Atlantis Press; 2019 Jun (pp. 382-6).
26. Demir Y, Kutlu M. The relationship between loneliness and depression: Mediation role of Internet addiction. Educational Process: International Journal 2016; 5(2): 97-105.
27. Ren YJ, Yang JJ, Liu LQ. Social anxiety and Internet addiction among rural left-behind children: The mediating effect of loneliness. Iranian Journal of Public Health 2017; 46(12): 1659–68.
28. Bagheri Asl S, Ebrahimi H, Ayadi N, Kasirloo N. The effects of perfectionism and fear of failure on performance in high school students. Middle East Journal of Disability Studies 2021; 11(1): 113. [Farsi]
29. Beutel ME, Klein EM, Aufenanger S, Brähler E, Dreier M, Müller KW, et al. Procrastination, distress, and life satisfaction across the age range–a German representative community study. PLoS ONE 2016; 11(2): e0148054.
30. Constantin K, English MM, Mazmanian D. Anxiety, depression, and procrastination among students: Rumination plays a larger mediating role than worry. Journal of Rational-Emotive & Cognitive-Behavior Therapy 2018; 36: 15-27.
31. Tras Z, Gökçen G. Academic procrastination and social anxiety as predictive variables of Internet addiction in adolescents. Canadian Center of Science and Education 2020; 13(9): 23-35.
32. Lardinoix J, Neumann I, Wartberg L, Lindenberg K. Procrastination predicts future Internet use disorders in adolescents but not vice versa: Results from a 12-month longitudinal study. In Healthcare 2023 Apr 29 (Vol. 11, No. 9, pp. 1274). MDPI.
33. Tarman GZ, Sari BA. The mediating role of mindfulness on social anxiety and procrastination. International Journal of Mental Health and Addiction 2023; 21(2): 1013-24.
34. Kline RB. Methodology in the social sciences. Principles and Practice of Structural Equation Modeling. 2005;2.
35. Young KS. Internet addiction: A new clinical phenomenon and its consequences. American behavioral scientist. 2004 Dec;48(4):402-15.
36. Nastizaei N. Validity and reliability of Internet Addiction Test. Journal of Educational Psychology Research 2012; 20: 45-54.
37. Alavi SS, Maracy MR, Jannatifard F, Eslami M. Psychometric properties of IAT in Persian context. Addiction and Health 2010; 2(3-4): 51-6.
38. Tuckman BW. Development of procrastination scale. Educational and Psychological Measurement 1991; 51(2): 473-80.
39. Moghadas Bayat D. Validation of procrastination scale in Iran. Journal of Counseling Research 2005; 10: 65-80.
40. Hill RW, Huelsman TJ, Araujo G. Development and validation of the Perfectionism Inventory. Journal of Personality Assessment 2004; 82(1): 80-101.
41. Besharat MA. Psychometric evaluation of perfectionism inventory in Iran. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry and Clinical Psychology 2006; 12(4): 350-9.
42. Connor KM, Davidson JR, Churchill LE, Sherwood A, Weisler RH, Foa E. Psychometric properties of the Social Phobia Inventory (SPIN): New self-rating scale. The British Journal of Psychiatry (BJPsych) 2000; 176(4): 379-86.
43. Hassanvand Amouzadeh M. Psychometric properties of SPIN in Iranian students. Iranian Journal of Psychiatry 2013; 8(2): 78-89.
44. Heidari S, Nemattavoosi M. Validation of SPIN among Iranian populations. Iranian Journal of Clinical Psychology 2017; 19(3): 289-99.
45. DiTommaso E, Brannen C, Best LA. Measurement and validity characteristics of the short version of the social and emotional loneliness scale for adults. Educational and Psychological Measurement. 2004; 64(1): 99-119.
46. Salimi A. Validation and factor analysis of SELSA-S in Persian. Psychological Research Quarterly 2012; 24(1): 33-40.
47. Khoshnood M, Farhadi M. Procrastination and its relationship with social anxiety in adolescents. J Behav Sci 2020; 18(4): 322-37.
48. Lee DS, McCrary J, Moreira MJ, Porter JR, Yap L. What to do when you can't use'1.96'Confidence Intervals for IV. National Bureau of Economic Research; 2023 Nov 27.
49. Hu LT, Bentler PM. Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural equation modeling: a Multidisciplinary Journal 1999; 6(1): 1-55.
50. Parsa H, Azizi S. The mediating role of procrastination in the relationship between perfectionism and internet addiction. J Ment Health Stud 2019; 7(2): 128-45.
51. Farahani A, Rezaei S. The role of procrastination in mediating the relationship between anxiety and internet addiction. J Clin Psychol 2022; 25(1): 100-15.
52. Asgarian S, Shamsi R. The relationship between perfectionism and internet addiction in adolescents. J Addict Stud 2021; 10(4): 174-85.
53.