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JRUMS 2026, 24(10): 921-936 |
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Ethics code: IR.IAU.SHIRAZ.REC.1404.169
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Parhizgar N, khabir L, samani S, hooman F. Cognitive, Familial, and Psychosocial Predictors of Suicide Attempt through Drug Overdose: A Case-Control Study. JRUMS 2026; 24 (10) :921-936
URL: http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-7829-en.html
URL: http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-7829-en.html
Department of Psychology, Shi. C., Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
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Cognitive, Familial, and Psychosocial Predictors of Suicide Attempt through Drug Overdose: A Case-Control Study
Nazanin Parhizgar[1], Leila Khabir[2], Siamak Samani[3], Farzaneh Hooman [4]
Received: 13/09/25 Sent for Revision: 20/10/25 Received Revised Manuscript: 07/12/25 Accepted: 09/12/25
Background and Objectives: Suicide by drug overdose remains a critical public health concern. This study aimed to identify cognitive, familial, and psychosocial predictors of suicide attempts among high-risk adults in Tehran.
Materials and Methods: A case-control study was conducted in summer 2025 involving 30 hospitalized individuals following drug overdose and 30 matched controls based on gender, age, occupation, education, and marital status. Participants completed Fonagy’s Mentalization Questionnaire, the Perceived Parenting Style Scale, the Family Functioning Scale, the Childhood Psychosocial Trauma Scale, and the Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Behavior Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests, chi-square tests, and conditional logistic regression in Stata.
Results: The mean age of participants was 33.47±10.21 years, and the gender distribution was equal. Higher maternal parenting scores (OR=0.92, 95% CI: 0.88–0.96, p=0.003), paternal parenting scores (OR=0.94, 95% CI: 0.82–0.98, p=0.013), and family support (OR=0.69, 95% CI: 0.35–0.89, p=0.024) were associated with a reduced risk of suicide. Higher childhood trauma scores (OR=1.11, 95% CI: 1.01–1.25, p=0.027) and a history of self-harm (OR=1.42, 95% CI: 1.01–2.02, p=0.012) were associated with an increased risk of suicide. No significant association was observed between mentalizing scores and suicide risk (OR=0.88, 95% CI: 0.76–1.03, p=0.192).
Conclusion: Cognitive, familial, and psychosocial factors collectively influence suicide risk among adults. Preventive efforts should prioritize strengthening family relationships, mitigating childhood trauma, and early identification of individuals with self-injury history.
Keywords: Suicide, Childhood trauma, Family dynamic, Self-injurious behavior, Case-control studies
Funding: This research received no external funding and is part of a doctoral dissertation conducted at the Islamic Azad University, Shiraz Branch.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical considerations: The Ethics Committee of Islamic Azad University, Shiraz Branch of Medical Sciences, approved the study (IR.IAU.SHIRAZ.REC.1404.169).
Authors’ contributions:
- Conceptualization: Nazanin Parhizgar, Leila Khabir, Siamak Samani, Farzaneh Hooman
- Methodology: Nazanin parhizgar, Leila Khabir
- Data collection: Nazanin Parhizgar
- Formal analysis: Nazanin Parhizgar, Leila Khabir
- Supervision: Nazanin Parhizgar, Siamak Samani, Farzaneh Hooman
- Project administration: Leila Khabir
- Writing – original draft: Nazanin Parhizgar, Leila Khabir
- Writing – review & editing: Nazanin Parhizgar, Leila Khabir
Nazanin Parhizgar[1], Leila Khabir[2], Siamak Samani[3], Farzaneh Hooman [4]
Received: 13/09/25 Sent for Revision: 20/10/25 Received Revised Manuscript: 07/12/25 Accepted: 09/12/25
Background and Objectives: Suicide by drug overdose remains a critical public health concern. This study aimed to identify cognitive, familial, and psychosocial predictors of suicide attempts among high-risk adults in Tehran.
Materials and Methods: A case-control study was conducted in summer 2025 involving 30 hospitalized individuals following drug overdose and 30 matched controls based on gender, age, occupation, education, and marital status. Participants completed Fonagy’s Mentalization Questionnaire, the Perceived Parenting Style Scale, the Family Functioning Scale, the Childhood Psychosocial Trauma Scale, and the Non-Suicidal Self-Injury Behavior Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using independent t-tests, chi-square tests, and conditional logistic regression in Stata.
Results: The mean age of participants was 33.47±10.21 years, and the gender distribution was equal. Higher maternal parenting scores (OR=0.92, 95% CI: 0.88–0.96, p=0.003), paternal parenting scores (OR=0.94, 95% CI: 0.82–0.98, p=0.013), and family support (OR=0.69, 95% CI: 0.35–0.89, p=0.024) were associated with a reduced risk of suicide. Higher childhood trauma scores (OR=1.11, 95% CI: 1.01–1.25, p=0.027) and a history of self-harm (OR=1.42, 95% CI: 1.01–2.02, p=0.012) were associated with an increased risk of suicide. No significant association was observed between mentalizing scores and suicide risk (OR=0.88, 95% CI: 0.76–1.03, p=0.192).
Conclusion: Cognitive, familial, and psychosocial factors collectively influence suicide risk among adults. Preventive efforts should prioritize strengthening family relationships, mitigating childhood trauma, and early identification of individuals with self-injury history.
Keywords: Suicide, Childhood trauma, Family dynamic, Self-injurious behavior, Case-control studies
Funding: This research received no external funding and is part of a doctoral dissertation conducted at the Islamic Azad University, Shiraz Branch.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical considerations: The Ethics Committee of Islamic Azad University, Shiraz Branch of Medical Sciences, approved the study (IR.IAU.SHIRAZ.REC.1404.169).
Authors’ contributions:
- Conceptualization: Nazanin Parhizgar, Leila Khabir, Siamak Samani, Farzaneh Hooman
- Methodology: Nazanin parhizgar, Leila Khabir
- Data collection: Nazanin Parhizgar
- Formal analysis: Nazanin Parhizgar, Leila Khabir
- Supervision: Nazanin Parhizgar, Siamak Samani, Farzaneh Hooman
- Project administration: Leila Khabir
- Writing – original draft: Nazanin Parhizgar, Leila Khabir
- Writing – review & editing: Nazanin Parhizgar, Leila Khabir
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Citation: Parhizgar N, Khabir L, Samani S, Hooman F. Cognitive, Familial, and Psychosocial Predictors of Suicide Attempt Through Drug Overdose: A Case-Control Study. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2026; 24 (10): 921-36. [Farsi]
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[1]- PhD Student, Department of Psychology, Shi. C., Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
[2]- Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Shi. C., Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran, ORCID: 0000-0003-4068-9749
(Corresponding Author) Tel: (071) 32333440, E-mail: Leila.khabir@iau.ac.ir
(Corresponding Author) Tel: (071) 32333440, E-mail: Leila.khabir@iau.ac.ir
[3]- Professor, Department of Psychology, Shi. C., Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
[4]- Assistant Professor, Department of Psychology, Shi. C., Islamic Azad University, Shiraz, Iran
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Psychiatry
Received: 2025/09/10 | Accepted: 2025/12/9 | Published: 2026/02/21
Received: 2025/09/10 | Accepted: 2025/12/9 | Published: 2026/02/21
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