Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences

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  Background and Objectives: This study aimed to determine the prevalence of presbyopia in patients examined in Optometry clinic of Faculty of Rehabilitation of Shahid Beheshti Medical Univessity.

  Meterials and Methods : In this crosse- sectional study, 600 files of the patients examined in the optometry clinic of Rehabilitation Faculty of Shahid Beheshti Medical university in year 2008/2009 were analyzed. Variables included age, sexe, amount and type of refractive errors, presbyopia and health of anterior and posterior eye segment. The patients were divided into two groups: groupe 1, included the pattients ages less than 40 and groupe 2, patients ages 40 years and older. Groupe 2, were divided. The deta were analyzed using X² and descriptive test.

  Results : The mean and standard deviation of ages of all the 600 patients' was 34.21±21 and for presbyopic patients was 55.53±10.9 years. Prevalence of presbyopia in total population was 41% and in population over 40 years, was 92.5%. From 246 presbyopic patients, 131 cases (53.3%) were females and 115 cases (46.7%) were males. There was a significant statistica l difference between the presbyopia patients compared to the other groups (p<0.0001) but this different between men and women was not significant (p= 0.23).

  Conclusion: In this study, the prevalence of presbyopia increased with aging. The prevalence of presbyopia in hypermetropia patients was more than myopic patients.

  Key word s: Presbyopia, Refractive error, Age and gender

 

  Funding : This research was funded by Shahid Beheshti Medical University.

  Conflict of intrest: None declared.

  Ethicts committe aproval: The nummer of 87-01-93-5971- December 22, 2009 Shahid Beheshti Medical University.

  

  How to cite this article : Akhgary M, Aghazadeh Amiri M , Ghassemi- Broumand M, Tabatabaee SM. Prevalence of Presbyopia in Patients Examined in Optometry Clinic Affiliated with Rehabilitation Faculty of Shahid Beheshti Medical University . J Rafsanjan Univ Med Scie 2013 11(6): 599-604. [Farsi]

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Background and Objective: Pregnancy is a major event in a woman's life that can bring a lot of stress for her. Fear of childbirth is a common problem for pregnant women.  This fear can be a predictor of caesarean section in them. This study aimed to investigate the causes of fear of childbirth in pregnant women in Shahrekord.

Materials and Methods: This descriptive-cross-sectional study was performed on 130 pregnant women referred to health centers in Shahrekord city. Fear of Childbirth Questionnaire was used to collect the data. For data analysis, it was used descriptive and analytical statistics (Pearson's correlation coefficient and t-test).

Results: The results showed that, the main cause of fear of childbirth in pregnant women was fear of painful injections during labor. The mean score for fear of delivery in multiparous women was significantly greater than the nulliparous women (p<0.001).

Conclusions: Concerningthe increase of caesarean rates, it is important that health care providers pay more attention to the causes of this fear.

Key words: Fear, Childbirth, pregnant woman

 

Funding: This research was funded by Isfahan University of Medical Sciences.

Conflict of interest: None declared.

Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Esfahan University of Medical Sciences approved the study.

 

How to cite this article: Taheri Z, Khorsandi M, Amiri M, Hasanzade A. Investigating the Causes of Fear of Childbirth in Shahrekord Pregnant Women, in 2013: A Short Report. J RafsanjanUniv Med Sci 2015 14(4): 345-50. [Farsi]

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Background and Objectives: Diabetes is a chronic and progressive disease that due to its nature, it needs the cooperation of patient in the treatment process. This disease has been developed with industrialization and urbanization. Patient empowerment program is an effective program to improve the function of patients with diabetes. The purpose of this study, was the evaluation of empowerment-based interventions in patients with diabetes.

Materials and Methods: We conducted a comprehensive overview in internatioanl and Iranian databases including Science Direct, PubMed, Cochrane library, Scopus, Iranmedex,and Google Scholar with the keywords of “empowerment”, “empowerment approach”, “empowerment program”, “patient empowerment”, “empowerment and diabetes” and “diabetic patients” from 2000 to 2014. After considering inclusion and exclusion criteria, 16 articles were selected.

Results: The results indicated that there was a lack of existence of a theoretical framework of empowerment, lack of attention to all dimensions of empowerment and the impact of demographic variables on empowerment of patients, and lack of programme follow- up.

Conclusion: Due to the limitations specified in empowerment interventions, it is suggested that interventions in diabetic patients should pay attention to all dimensions of empowerment.

Key words: Empowerment, Diabetes, Review, Patient

Funding: This research was funded by Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences.

Conflict of interest: None declared.

Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Shahrekord University of Medical Sciences approved the study.

How to cite this article: Taheri Z, Khorsandi M, Taheri Z, Ghafari M, Amiri M. Empowerment-based interventions in patients with diabetes: A review study J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2016; 15(5): 452-68. [Farsi]

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Background and Objective: According to the importance of health systems, assessing the different aspects of health care service quality comes into necessity. This assessment has not been done in Rafsanjan School of Dentistry yet. The purpose of this study was assesing and analysing the existing gap within service performance quality in clinical departments of this school.

Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was carried out in 2016-2017 academic year. Participants were 180 patients of clinical departments of Rafsanjan Dental School. Data were collected by SERVQUAL standard questionnaire which assesses quality of services in six dimentions and 31 questions and then analysed. In data analysis, independent t- test, paired t -test and one-way ANOVA were used.

Results: A significant gap (p<0.001) was reported in all dimentions of the questionnaire and between expectations and perceptions. The largest gap pertained to the dimention of accessibility (-1.57±0.91) and the lowest was related to the dimention of assurance (-1.37±0.58). The total mean of gap of this questionnaire was calculated -1.24±0.34 for this faculty. "In time service providing” had the largest gap among all of the questions (-2.26±1.06). Largest gap between clinical departments was reported for oral medicine department (-2.40±0.63).

Conclusion: Regarding to lack of relative satisfaction which was seen in all dimentions, measures, and clinical departments, requirement of effective planning for reducing each departments gap and promoting service quality look urgent.

Key words: Perceptions, Dental service, Patient satisfaction, Health care quality assessment, Servqual model, Rafsanjan

Funding: This study did not have any funds.

Conflict of interest: None declared.

Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences approved the study.

How to cite this article: Ghanbarzadegan A, Iranmanesh F, Amiri S, Esmaeili Nadimi A, Rezaeian M, Bastani P. Situation Analysis of Clinical Performance in Departments of Rafsanjan Dental School Based on Servqual Model in 2016- 2017Academic Year. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2017; 16(4): 365-80. [Farsi]

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Background and Objectives: Diazinon is one of the organophosphorus poisons that is widely used as insecticide and causes male infertility. The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of broccoli hydroalcholic extract on the changes of the cells of testicular tissue and the control of oxidative stress by diazinon.
Materials and Methods: In this experimental research, 30 adult male Wistar rats weighing 200-250 gr were used. The control group receivied no treatment and the T1 group recievied the peritoneal administration of 30 mg/kg b.w diazinon and the other experimental groups (T2, T3, and T4) received diazonin as well as broccoli extract at dosage of 100, 200, and 300 mg/kg b.w, respectively for 28 days. At the end of the study, the animals were weighed and euthanized. The right testicle was used for histological study and the left testis for measuring malondialdehyde. The data was analyzed using one-way ANOVA and Tukey's post hoc test.
Results: The lowest mean of body weight was 279.763±11.899 gr in the T1 group and the highest was 311.831±8.976 gr in the T4 group and it was observed a statistically significant difference (P=0.038). The number of the sertoli, spermatogonia, spermatocyt, and spermatides cells were 28.751±1.544, 60.501±4.828, 202.503±11.677, and 184.120±19.593, respectively in the T4 group. The highest number avarage was in the T4 group and the lowest in the T1 group (P=0.040). The highiest malondialdehyde concentration was 3.805± 0.017 in the T1 group and the lowest was 2.204± 0.056 µmol/ ml in the T4 group, which was significant (P<0.05).
Conclusion: Broccoli extract at dosage of 300 mg/kg b.w has a positive effect on the spermatogenesis damage caused by diazinon in male rats.
Key words: Oxidative stress, Brassica oleracea var. italica hydroalcholic extract, Diazinon, Testicular tissue, Rat
Funding: This study was funded by Islamic Azad University of Sanandaj Branch.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Sanandaj University approved the study.
 
How to cite this article: Qaderi Forough M, Raeeszadeh M, Amiri A.A. Dose-Response Changes of Brassica oleracea var. italica Hydroalcholic Extract in the Control of Oxidative Stress by Induction of Diazinon on the Cells of Testicular Tissue in Male Adult Rat. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2017; 16(7): 593-604. [Farsi]
 

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 Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a progressive neurological autoimmune disease that usually starts in the late third and early forth decades of life. Demyelination of neurons in the central nervous system (CNS) and, subsequently, loss of nerve cells is the known disease pathogenesis. The disease is controlled by a class of medicines which are mainly immunomodulators. Fingolimod (FIN) is the first approved oral medication for controlling relapsing-remitting type of MS. It is chemically modified form of a fungus metabolite with long history of use in traditional Chinese medicine. Its mechanism of action is through functional antagonism of sphingosine-1 phosphate receptors which leads to lymphocyte entrapment in lymphoid tissues and reduction of their circulating number in the CNS. FIN efficacy comparing with placebo and first line therapies for MS (e.g. Interferon) has been proved through several clinical trials. Common side effects of FIN are usually mild and are well tolerated. FIN can pass through placenta and has been assigned to pregnancy category C according to the observed effects in animal studies. Since the drug molecule is secreted into milk, lactation during consumption is not recommended.
Considering oral administration and mild side effects of FIN, it can be useful in management of MS. However, due to the incidence of some rare but serious adverse effects such as systemic viral infections, macular edema, and cardiovascular complications, physicians should investigate patient’s clinical status and underlying comorbidities carefully.
Key words: Relapsing-remitting multiple sclerosis, Fingolimod, Sphingosine-1-phosphate receptor modulators
 
How to cite this article: Amirimoghadam P, Alimardanzadeh A, Sabouri S. Fingolimod; the First Oral Medication for Multiple Sclerosis. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2018; 17(1): 3-14. [Farsi]
 

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Background and Objectives: Shoulder impingement syndrome is one of the important causes of shoulder pain, which affects the shoulder joint proprioception. Closed kinetic chain exercises are more useful and safer than opened kinetic chain exercises. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of total body resistance exercise (TRX) on the shoulder joint proprioception of athletes with overhead movements with impingement syndrome.
Materials and Methods: This research is a randomized clinical trial. 22 athletes with overhead movements with shoulder impingement syndrome in Kerman (2017) were selected and randomly assigned to two groups: TRX and control. The exercises were performed for 8 weeks, three days a week and 60 minutes each session. Proprioception sense was evaluated by Leighton’s flexometer in four movements of external rotation, internal rotation, abduction, and flexion of the arm. Independent t-test was used to analyze the data.
Results: The results showed that there was no significant difference between the control and TRX groups in the pre-test of external rotation, internal rotation, abduction, and flexion angles (p<0.05) but in post-test, there was a significant difference in all target angles of external rotation (p<0.001), internal rotation (p<0.001), abduction (p<0.001), and flexion (p=0.015).
Conclusion: According to the results, 8 weeks of TRX exercises had an effect on the condition of shoulder joint in athletes with overhead movements with shoulder impingement syndrome. It seems that it can be used as an appropriate training method in athletes with shoulder impingement syndrome.
Key words: Rehabilitation exercises, Athletes, Shoulder impingement syndrome, Proprioception
 
Funding: There was no funding for this study.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Kerman University of Medical Sciences approved the study (IR.KMU.REC.1396.16).
 
How to cite this article: Saadatian A, Sahebozamani M, Karimi MT, Sadegi M, Amiri Khorasani MT. The Effect of 8-Week Total Body Resistant Suspension Exercises on Shoulder Joint Proprioception in Overhead Athletes with Impingement Syndrome: A Randomized Clinical Trial Study. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2019; 17 (12): 1095-1106. [Farsi]
 

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Background and Objectives: Antibiotic resistance is known to be the main challenge against treatment of infectious diseases related to Staphylococcus aureus (S.aureus). Niosomal nanosystems are the new drug delivery systems which enhance antimicrobial potential activity of antibiotics. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of a niosomal drug delivery system containing gentamicin against S.aureus.
Materials and Methods: In this laboratory study, different niosomes including Span 60, Tween 60, and cholesterol in combination with gentamicin with different molar ratio were synthesized using the thin film hydration method. Synthesized niosomal nanosystems were identified by light microscope and dynamic laser light scattering (DLS) technique. Antibacterial activity of synthesized niosomes against S.aureus (PTCC: 1112) was evaluated by well diffusion and minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) methods. Data was analyzed using one-way analysis of variance (ANOVA) and Tukey's post hoc test.
Results: Niosomal nanosystems were identified in spherical vesicles and in 3 formulations with average particle sizes of 9.09±0.76, 27.59±15.20 and 9.10±0.30 µm, respectively. The results revealed that the formulation with 60:40 molar ratio had higher gentamycin encapsulation efficiency (90.82%) and also, 60:40 niosomal formulation with half the concentration of commercially available gentamicin solution had the same inhibition of growth on Staphylococcus aureus bacteria )p=0.658 (.
Conclusion: Controlled and continuous release of gentamicin from the niosomal nanosystem, along with enhanced drug penetration could reduce the growth of S.aureus. Accordingly, niosomal nanosystem has a good potential to be an effective drug delivery system.
Key words: Staphylococcus aureus, Gentamycin, Niosome
Funding: This study did not have any funds.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Islamic Azad University, Kerman Branch, approved the study (IR.IAU.KERMAN.REC.1401.009).
How to cite this article: Amiri Faezeh, Kazemipour Nadia. The Effect of Niosomal Nanosystem Containing Gentamicin on the Staphylococcus Aureus: A Laboratory Study. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2023; 22 (3): 223-36. [Farsi]
 

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Background and Objectives: Work-related injuries in surgical technologists cause burnout and poor quality of nursing care. Applying ergonomics can prevent musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs) and reduce work-related stress. Considering the high prevalence of MSDs and job stress in surgical technologists, the present study will aim to determine the effectiveness of ergonomic training interventions based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED model on musculoskeletal disorders and stress in surgical technologists.
Materials and Methods: This study will be conducted as a randomized controlled trial among surgical technologists working in two hospitals in Yazd in 2024-2025. The surgical technologists of one hospital will be assigned as the intervention group (34 people) and the other hospital as the control group (34 people). The intervention program will be implemented based on the framework of the 8-phase PRECEDE-PROCEED model and the use of ergonomic principles and stress-coping techniques based on the Lazarus interactive model. Data will be collected using the Rapid Entire Body Assessment (REBA), the Nordic Musculoskeletal Questionnaire, the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS-10), and the Behavioral Risk Factors Questionnaire at three stages: baseline, three months, and six months after the intervention. In the control group, data collection will take place in three stages simultaneously with the intervention group, without any intervention. Data were analyzed using independent two-sample t-test and non-parametric Mann-Whitney U test.
Ethical considerations: The study protocol has been approved by the Medical Ethics Research Center of Yazd University of Medical Sciences (IR.SSU.SPH.REC.1402.033) and the Iranian Clinical Trial Center (IRCT20230422057974N1).
Keywords: Ergonomics, Surgical technologist, PRECEDE-PROCEED model, Musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs), Work-related stress
Funding: The Research Committee of Yazd University of Medical Sciences was the financial sponsor of this research.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical considerations: The Ethics Committee of Yazd University Medical Sciences approved the study (IR.SSU.SPH.REC.1402.033).
Authors’ contributions:
- Conceptualization: Mojgan Amiri, Vida Sadat Anousheh, Hamid Reza Mokarami , Fatemeh Jabinian Sardehi
- Methodology: Hamid Reza Mokarami , Vida Sadat Anousheh, Tahereh Soltani
- Data collection: Mojgan Amiri, Fatemeh Jabinian Sardehi
- Formal analysis: Mojgan Amiri
- Supervision: Fatemeh Jabinian Sardehi, Vida Sadat Anousheh
- Project administration: Hamid Reza Mokarami , Tahereh Soltani
- Writing – original draft: Mojgan Amiri, Hamid Reza Mokarami, Vida Sadat Anousheh, Tahereh Soltani, Fatemeh Jabinian Sardehi
- Writing – review & editing: Mojgan Amiri, Hamid Reza Mokarami, Vida Sadat Anousheh, Tahereh Soltani, Fatemeh Jabinian Sardehi

Citation: Amiri M, Mokarami HR, Anoosheh VS, Soltani T, Jabinian Sardehi F. The Effectiveness of Ergonomic Training Interventions Based on the PRECEDE-PROCEED Model on Musculoskeletal Disorders and Stress in Surgical Technologists: Study Protocol for a Randomized Controlled Trial. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2024; 23 (7): 589-604. [Farsi]