Showing 2 results for Ghaffarian Bahraman
A. Ghaffarian Bahraman, A. R. Taherifard, M. Rezaeian,
Volume 20, Issue 7 (10-2021)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Although breast milk is a complete food for the newborn development, it can also be an important route for the exposure to lead. Therefore, the aim of this systematic review was to explore the status of lead in Iranian mothers’ milk, and also to identify its affecting factors.
Materials and Methods: In the present systematic review, the databases including PubMed, Science Direct, Google Scholar, Scientific Information Database (SID), Iran Medex, and Magiran were searched to find the relevant articles upto 2020. After completing the search, the articles were evaluated according to a pre-prepared checklist.
Results: A total of 10 studies were included in our study according to the inclusion and exclusion criteria. The highest mean of lead concentration in milk was related to mothers living in Hamadan and Tehran provinces, while the lowest was related to Kordestan province. Among the factors studied, maternal age, parity, employment, and the use of lipstick were significantly related to concentration of lead in breast milk.
Conclusion: It seems that increasing health care to reduce the exposure of pregnant and lactating mothers to lead should be seriously pursued by health policy-makers. It is also necessary to conduct more extensive studies to clarify the situation of infants exposed to lead through breast milk in the other areas of the country.
Key words: Lead, Toxic metals, Breast milk, Iran
Funding: This study did not have any funds.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: Not applicable.
How to cite this article: Ghaffarian Bahraman A, Taherifard AR, Rezaeian M. Status of Lead in Iranian Mothers' Milk: A Systematic Review. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2021; 20 (7): 817-34. [Farsi]
Ali Ghaffarian Bahraman, Mohsen Rezaeian,
Volume 21, Issue 2 (5-2022)
Abstract
Background and Objectives: Exposure to lead and its effects on children's health is one of the most important and widespread concerns of human societies today. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic study was to evaluate blood lead levels in Iranian children.
Materials and Methods: In this systematic review, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Scientific Information Database (SID), and Iran Medex databases were comprehensively searched for papers published from 2005 to the end of October 2021. Studies that reported blood lead levels in Iranian children were collected. Then the articles were evaluated according to a pre-prepared checklist.
Results: Of a total of 143 articles found in the initial search, 13 studies were included in our systematic review. The lowest and highest mean blood lead levels were 0.65 micrograms per deciliter in Abadan and 57.1 micrograms per deciliter in Mashhad, respectively. In three studies conducted in Mashhad and Isfahan, blood lead levels were reported to be higher than 5 Micrograms per deciliter in all children studied. The level of education of the father, the use of canned food, the habit of eating soil by the child, damage to the paint of the house, and the reduction of blood iron levels were the effective factors in increasing the blood lead levels in Iranian children.
Conclusion: Due to the high prevalence of blood lead samples above 5 micrograms per deciliter in some studies, reducing the exposure to lead should be seriously pursued by health policy makers and health systems.
Key words: Blood lead levels, Children, Iran, Systematic review
Funding: This study did not have any funds.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: None applicable.
How to cite this article: Ghaffarian Bahraman Ali, Rezaeian Mohsen. Evaluation of Blood Lead Levels in Iranian Children: A Systematic Review. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2022; 21 (02): 221-44. [Farsi]
