Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences

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  Background and Objectives: Retinoic acid has a major role in a variety of biological processes including growth and differentiation. One of these effects is epithelialization seen in blastema tissue exposed to different concentration of retinoic acid, due to its embryo-like cells. The main objective of this research was to investigate an experimental studies of employed different concentration of retinoic acid on embryonic- like tissue as an experimental model in vitro.

  Materials and Methods: This research is interventional study. The blastema tissue was prepared as the rings by punching pinna of New Zealand white rabbits with professional ethics. Then blastema tissues were cultured with different dose of retinoic acid (10^-5 µl/ml, 10^-4 µl/ml, 10^-3 µl/ml) and evaluated in days of 3, 7, 14, 21 and 28 by histotechniques such as hematoxylin and eosin and Masson's trichrome staining.

  Results: The results showed that epithelialization process occurs at the day of 14 in control specimen (without retinoic acid) but samples treated with RA in concentration of 10^-5 µl/ml show increases in epithelialization. Cell death was seen with concentration of 10^-3 µl/ml.

  Conclusion: Results revealed that retinoic acid has an effect on epithelialization of dynamic tissues such as blastema which has an embryonic- like cells and tissues properties .

  Key words: All-trans Retinoic acid, Blastema, Epithelial, New Zealand rabbit.

 

  Funding: This research was funded partly by Mashhad University of Medical Sciences.

  Conflict of interest: None declared.

  Ethical approval: The Ethics Committe of Mashhad University of Medical Sciences approved the study.

 

  How to cite this article : Mahdavi-Shahri N, Baharara J, Tavassoli A, Rasti H, Shahabipour F, Saghiri N . Effect of All-TransRetinoic Acid on Epithelialization of Blastema Tissue in vitro J Rafsanjan Univ Med Scie 2012 11(5): 471-80. [Farsi]

 

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  Background and Objectives: One of the main needs of the patients is receiving clear and adequate information . Nurses are often the first educator s to them. The present study has been designed to explore the barriers to patient education from the viewpoints of nurses and nurse managers in hospitals of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences in 2008.

  Materials and Methods : In this descriptive cross - sectional study , 253 nurses and nurse managers were assasssed . Data was collected by two -part resaercher- made questionnaire include demographic characteristics of participants and barriers to patient education (27 phrases ). Data were analyzed by SPSS software using descriptive statistical tests (such as frequency distribution, mean, SD) and independent t-test .

  Results : Results indicated that there was no significant difference between total mean score of nurse managers and staff nurses about barriers of patient education including environmental factors, patient related factors, and nurse related factors (3.98±0.54 vs 3.82±0.56, 3.50±0.75 vs 3.40±0.69 and 3.35±0.98 vs 3.10±0.89).

  Viewpoint of participants were different about the "lack of planning of patient education as a routine duty (p = 0.006 ) lack of educational materials"(p=0.013) and" lack of patient knowledge about patient education as one of his/her rights"(p=0.037)

  Conclusion : Regarding nurses and nurse managers beliefs about their educational role and in order to eliminate barriers to patient education measures such as adequate nursing staff, preparation of pamphlets and booklets for patient education , adequate budgeting for education and proper encourage ment means for nurses are essential.

  Key words : Patient education, Barriers, Nurses, Nurse Managers

 

  Funding : This research was funded by Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences.

  Conflict of interest : None declared.

  Ethical Approval : The ethics committee of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences approved the study.

 

 How to cite this article : A. Sultani, M. Hadavi, Sh. Heydari, M. Shahabinezhad . Barriers to Patient Education Based on the Viewpoints of Nurses and Nurse Managers in Hospitals of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences , 2008. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Scie 2013 12(4): 309-18. [Farsi]

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  Background and Objectives: The ultimate goal of educational appraisal is to promote higher education quality. In this regard, internal evaluation is considered as a judgment about the quality and the strengths and weaknesses of the educational system. This study was carried out to assess the internal evaluation of nursing discipline in Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences.

  Materials and Methods: In this cross- sectional study, subjects were 16 academic members, 4 Instructors and 166 Nursing students participated through census method. The data was gathered by self –reporting researcher made questionnaires and analyzed by descriptive statistics using SPSS software.

  Results: The results showed that the nursing group in "organizational structure and goals, "faculty member", "learning- teaching process" and "clinical education" were favorable. From nursing students’ perspective domains of "educational programs", "research- educational" and "laboratory equipments" were partially favorable and in "research activities" was unfavorable.

  Conclusion: Evaluating groups and disciplines helps illustrate strengths and weaknesses points in higher education. His implementing the approach in all disciplines is recommended.

  Key words: Internal Evaluation, Nursing course, School of Nursing & Midwifery

  

  Fundin: This research was funded by Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences.

  Conflict of interest: None declared.

  Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences approved the study.

 

  How to cite this article : Shahabinejad M, Ansari A, Negahban T, Sadeghi T, Halakoi M, Soltani A, Alidalaki S, Hidari Sh. Internal Evaluation of Nursing Course in Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Scie 2012 12(5): 353-64. [Farsi]

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Background and Objectives: Psychological disorders, especially obesity and depression, are the common health problems which are growing all over the world especially in the developing countries. The purpose of the study was to determine the relationship between BMI (Body Mass Idex) and psychological disorders by using SCL-90-R (Symptom Checklist-90) questionnaire according to the demographic characteristics among  nursing, midwifery and paramedical students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences in 2015.

Materials & Methods: In this cross-sectional study, 404 students were selected using stratified sampling and random selection. Demographic questionnaire was used to compelete the studends’ personal information and then psychological disorders were determined using SCL-90-R self- report questionnaire Height and weight were measured by using standard equipments and then, students’ BMI values were calculated. Data were analyzed by using independent t-test, Chi-square and ANOVA and the value of p<0.05 was considered significant.  

Results: The study showed that 70%  of the participants (282people ) were girls and 78.5% (317) of them were single. Most of the students were non- native and lived in dormitory or rental house, and 42.2% (169 students) were Sophomore. It was observed a significant relationship between BMI and somatisation in the girls (p= 0.020), and also between BMI and hostility in the single students (p= 0.046). This study found a significant association between BMI and obsession(p= 0.038( and a weaker significant relationship with depression in the native students (p= 0.054).  

Conclusion: This study found a significant positive association between BMI and somatization in the girls, hostility in the single students, as well as, between obsession and depression in the native students.

Key words: Body Mass Index, Psychological Disorders, SCL-90-R questionnaire, Students

Funding: This study did not have any funds.

Conflict of interest: None declared.

Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences approved the study.

How to cite this article: Salem Z, Shahabinejad M, Sadeghi T, Aghamohammad Hasani P, Sheikh Fathollahi M. Correlation between BMI (Body Mass Index) and Psychiatric Problems According to the Demographic Characteristics Among Nursing/Midwifery Students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences in 2015. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2016; 15(3): 223-34. [Farsi]

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Background and Objectives: It is very important to calculate the costs of inpatient services covered by the global tariff and compare it with the approved tariff in hospitals in regard to the financial profit and loss. In this regard, this study was conducted with the aim of comparing the costs of global inpatient services bills with their approved tariffs in Niknafs Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital in Rafsanjan.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, the population included all the invoices of hospitalized cases subjected to the global tariff in 2019 in Niknafs Hospital in Rafsanjan. The required data were collected from the patients' accounts and analyzed using descriptive statistics and SPSS 20 software.
Results: In 2019, out of the total inpatient services related to the obstetrics and gynecology group, 6 services subjected to the global tariffs were performed in Niknafs Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital in Rafsanjan. A comparison of the average costs incurred in these services with their approved tariffs showed that in all of them, hospital costs were between 10.74% and 20.54% higher than the approved global tariffs. The highest difference (20.54%) was related to cesarean section, and the lowest (10.74%) was related to hysterectomy.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the global services of this hospital have no economic justification and global tariffs lead to losses of the hospital. Therefore, it is suggested that hospital officials focus more on managing the costs of global services, and approved tariffs be reviewed in a timely manner, commensurate with the growth of inflation and taking into account the different conditions of patients.
Key words: Cost comparison, Global tariff, Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
Funding: This study was not funded by anywhere.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of University of Semnan approved the study (IR.IAU.SEMNAN. REC.1399.002).
How to cite this article: Zare Askari A, Mir Mohammadkhani M, Shahab MR, Ebrahimian AA. Comparison of Global Inpatient Services Costs with Approved Tariffs in Niknafs Obstetrics and Gynecology Hospital in Rafsanjan in 2019: A Descriptive Study. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2022; 20 (10): 1117-28. [Farsi]

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Background and Objectives: In most observational studies, researchers try to find causal relationships between observations. This correlation is associated with error due to lack of controlling confounding variables. One of the methods used to control the confounding variables is propensity score matching. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to explain the steps of propensity score matching.
Materials and Methods: Propensity score matching has 5 steps. The first step is to estimate the propensity score, which includes selecting the appropriate model and variables. The second step is to select an appropriate matching method based on the estimated propensity scores. The third step is overlap and common support. At this stage, observations that are outside the range of matching scores are removed. The quality of the match is then evaluated, and finally the sensitivity of the estimated effects must be estimated.
Results: In the propensity score matching, the observed basic variables are balanced between the exposure and non-exposure groups. However, if the statistical model used to calculate the propensity score is not correctly selected, an imbalance between the basic characteristics of the two groups can still exist.
Conclusion: Propensity score matching is useful in cases where the confounding variables of study are high. In observational studies, this method can be used as an alternative to randomization in experimental studies, which makes the estimates more accurate by reducing the selection bias and controlling confounding variables.
Key words: Propensity score matching, Confounding variables, Observational studies

Funding: This study did not have any funds.
Conflicts of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences approved the study (IR.KERMANSHAH.KUMS.REC.1399.1168).
How to cite this article: Tahmasebi Fard Mina, Najafi Farid, Rezaeian Shahab, Moradinazar Mehdi. How Can Causal Relationships Be Measured in Observational Studies? Propensity Score Matching: A Tutorial Article. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2022; 21 (03): 343-66. [Farsi]

 

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Background and Objectives: Diabetes mellitus, like any other chronic illness, causes the person with the disease to experience problems that affect all aspects of the daily life of the individual.  This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of online cognitive-behavioral stress management training on blood glucose control and problems in sexual function of married women with diabetes during the pandemic of coronavirus.
Materials and Methods: This experimental study was conducted with a pretest-posttest design with a control group. The statistical population included all diabetic married women referred to the Parsian Diabetes Clinic in Tehran in year 2022. At first, 30 people were selected by convenience sampling method and then randomly divided into two groups of 15. For the people in the experimental group, the online cognitive-behavioral stress management training was implemented in 8 sessions, each session lasting 90 minutes, but the control group received no training and remained in the waiting list. The instruments used in this study included Diabetes Management Self‐Efficacy Scale of Bijl (1999) and Quality Of Life of Boyer and Earp (1997). Data was analyzed using multivariate analysis of covariance.
Results: The results indicated that online cognitive-behavioral stress management training significantly improved problems in sexual function of women with diabetes (p=0.022, F=5.934). However, online cognitive-behavioral stress management training was not effective in reducing blood glucose control in women with diabetes (p=0.188, F=0.668)
Conclusion: According to the obtained results, it can be said that cognitive-behavioral stress management can be used in quarantine conditions during the outbreak of infectious diseases such as Corona, and diabetic patients can use this method to reduce their problems in sexual function.
Key words: Cognitive behavioral therapy, Oxidative stress, Blood glucose, Sexual behavior, Diabetes mellitus, Coronavirus

Funding: This study did not have any funds.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Azad University of Shahrood approved the study (IR.IAU.SHAHROOD.REC.1400.012).

How to cite this article: Mottaghi Samaneh, Rahimian Boogar Ishagh, Moradi Shahab, Sotodehasl Nemat. The Effectiveness of Online Cognitive-Behavioral Stress Management Training on Blood Glucose Control and Problems in Sexual Function of Married Women with Diabetes During the Coronavirus Pandemic: A Quasi-Experimental Study. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2023; 22 (4): 333-48. [Farsi]
 

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Background and Objectives: Health-promoting behaviors and healthy lifestyle are the main strategies to facilitate and maintain health. The purpose of this research was to determine health-promoting behaviors in students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 450 students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences were studied by stratified random sampling method in 2022. The data collection tool was a questionnaire including demographic information and a valid health-promoting behavior questionnaire. The questionnaires were completed as a self-report by students. Data were analyzed using independent two-sample t-test and one-way analysis of variance.
Results: The mean and standard deviation of the age of the students was 20.86±3.19 years. The scores of the self-improvement section (23.33±5.20) were the highest scores and the scores of the stress management section (18.54±3.68) were the lowest scores. There was a significant statistical association between the total score of students' health-promoting behaviors and the scores of the variables of marital status and educational level (p<0.05). Also, a statistically significant association was observed between the physical activity dimension score and the gender variable and the responsibility and nutrition dimensions score and the marital status variable (p<0.05).
Conclusion: Since the total score of the health-promoting behaviors of the studied students was in the middle class, with proper planning, the university can help students create a positive health concept and strengthen their awareness and performance about balanced nutrition, regular exercise, stress management, and attention to their health or self-care.
Key words: Health promotion, Health behavior, Students, Rafsanjan

Funding: This study was funded by Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences approved the study (IR.RUMS.REC.1401.149).

How to cite this article: Rezaeian Mohsen, Asadpour Mohammad, Mahbobi Rad Mahmood, Abdolkarimi Mehdi, Mobini Lotfabad Mohammad, Khodadadi Hassan, Shahabinejad Erfan, Shakoeizadeh Amirreza. The Survey of Health-Promoting Behaviors among Students of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences in 2022: A Descriptive Study. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2024; 22 (10): 1191-1204. [Farsi]