Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences

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Background and Objectives: Dermatophytes are one of  the most prevalent agent of superficial fungal infections. Dermatophytes species identification can help us to find prevention and treatment ways. Therefore, this study was conducted to determine the species of dermatophytes by sequencing method in 2015-2016 in Ghayen.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive cross-sectional study was performed on 156 dermatophytosis suspected patients, who referred to the laboratories and health centers in Ghayen. Patients were sampled after completing the questionnaire. Specimens were directly examined, and all samples were inoculated on Sabouraud Dextrose Agar with Chloramphenicol and Cycloheximide medium. The DNA of the obtained fungi was extracted by DNA extraction Kit. Then, the internal transcribed spacer (ITS-rDNA) gene was amplified and sequenced, and the dermatophytes species were expressed as numbers and percentages.
Results: Of 156 samples, 32 samples (20.5%) were positive in the direct exam or culture. The types of Tinea in this study were respectively: Tinea corporis (72 %), tinea capitis (21.8 %), tinea manuum and tinea unguium (3.1 %) each one. Dermatophytes species included Arterodermabenhamiae (25%), Trichophyton interdigitale (9.3%), T. violaceum and T. verrucosum (6.2%) each one, and T.erinacei (3.1%). The comparison of the sequence of the derived species with the sequence of reference dermatophytes in wester-dijkinstitute showed 98-100% similarity.
Conclusion: According to this study, the incidence of dermatophytosis in Ghayen is 20.5% . The Trichophyton genus and  zoophilic species are dominant in this area.
Key words: Dermatophytosis, Molecular Identification, Ghayen
 
Funding: This research was funded by mashhad University of Medical Sciences
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: None declared.
How to cite this article: Behzadi Z, Parham S, Fata A.M, Najafzadeh M.J.The Molecular Identification of Dermatophytes in Patients Suspected to Dermatophytosis in Ghayen (South Khorasan Province) in 2015-16 : A Short Report. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2018; 16(10): 983-90. [Farsi]

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Background and Objectives: The subtilisin genes (SUBs) of Trichophyton rubrum play an important role in destroying the keratin to produce a nutritional source and virulence. This study was carried out to determine the presence of subtilisin genes in T. rubrum isolated from patients with dermatophytosis in Tehran in 2017.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was performed on 32 patients with fungal infections referring to Tehran University of Medical Sciences from July to September 2017. Based on microscopic and macroscopic observations, T. rubrum was isolated and identified. Dermatophyte DNA was extracted and SUB1, SUB2, SUB3, SUB4, SUB5, SUB6 and SUB7 genes of T. rubrum were amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) using specific primers. The relative frequency of the seven genomic sequences was also calculated.
Results: Seven species of T. rubrum were isolated from the clinical specimen of skin (5 cases) and nail (2 cases). The presence of subtilisin family (SUB1-7) was reported with a frequency of 57%. While SUB5 gene was observed in all isolates (100%), the SUB6 gene with the lowest frequency (4 out of 7 cases) and SUB1-7 genes presence in isolates from nail samples were reported.
Conclusion: The presence and absence of subtilisin genes in T. rubrum DNA may indicate the importance of genes in different stages of dermatophyte infection  (adherence, invasion and inflammation) and the type of nail and skin structure.
Keywords: Subtilisin genes, Dermatophytosis, Trichophyton rubrum, Skin, Nail, Tehran

• : This was a self-funded study.

Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of Tehran University of Medical Sciences (IR.TUMS.SPH.Rec1395.1339).
 
How to cite this article: Karami Robati A, Khalili M, Hashemi Hazaveh S.J, Bayat M. Studying  the Subtilisin Virulence Genes (1-7) in Trichophyton Rubrum Isolated from Clinical Samples of Skin and Nail in 2017: A Descriptive Study. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2019; 17 (10): 925-36. [Farsi]