Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences

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Background and Objectives: Solvents are widely used in industries. Occupational exposure to organic solvents can lead to dysfunction of the nervous system. Since color-vision impairment can be a sensitive and early marker of neurotoxic damage, this study was designed to determine the influence of chronic occupational exposure to organic solvent mixtures on color vision.
Materials and Methods: This discriptive study was conducted in an automobile plant in 2008. Workers employed in the painting saloon were considered as exposed and workers in the assembly were used as non-exposed. A questionnaire containing required data of workers was administered. After considering exclusion criteria, color vision of 157 exposed workers was compared with 174 non-exposed worker, using X² test.
Results: The percentage of acquired dyschromatopsia was 43% in the exposed group and 3.45% in the other group. The percentage of acquired dyschromatopsia exposed employees was significantly higher than that of the non-exposed subjects (OR = 21.95, CI = 9.16- 52.57) (p<0.001). Mean of the color-confusion index for exposed employees was significantly higher than that among the other subjects (1.32 and 1.02 respectively) (p<0.001). The logistic regression for color confusion index indicated that the color-confusion index was positively related to exposure to mixed organic solvents (p<0.001).
Conclusions: The results of this study suggested that chronic occupational exposure with mixture of organic solvents, in higher amounts of permissible levels, can cause acquired color vision defects.
Key words: Organic Solvent, Color Vision, Occupational Exposure
 
Funding: This study was supported by Iran Univrsity of Medical Sciences.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Iran Univrsity of Medical Sciences, approved the study.

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Background and Objectives: The impaction of upper maxillary central incisor occurs infrequently. However it is an important issue both for cusmethic and oral health. Odontomas, supernumerary teeth and space deficiency are the most prevalent reasons for the impaction of these teeth. This problem could be solved by orthodontics and different surgical methods in mixed dentition period.
Case Report: The patient was a 9.5 years old boy with a good general health in the mixed dentition period with skeletal and dental pattern of class І and two impacted central incisors due to supernumerary teeth that had been referred to orthodontic department of Rafsanjan's faculty of dentistry. After extraction of supernumerary teeth, he was treated by a period of removable orthodontic treatment for maintenance of available space and correction of deep curve of Spee and also a period of fixed orthodontic treatment with open surgical exposure of impacted teeth crown for bringing the teeth to the normal occlusal level. After a period of 2 and 1.5 years of removable and fixed orthodontic treatment, respectively, both impacted central incisors came into the dental arch. Final results were acceptable, aesthetically but in long term health, increasing attached gingival width should be controled.
Conclusion: Orthodontic force eruption of impacted teeth, preferred with closed surgical exposure method, should always be considered in young patients, because this treatment modality has better results than other alternative strategies regarding cusmetic, gingival health and occlusal aspects.
Key words: Force eruption, Upper maxillary central incisor, Open exposure, Supernumerary teeth
 
How to cite this article: Razeghinejad MH. Force Eruption of Impacted Upper Central Incisors with Open Surgical Exposure and Orthodontics: A Case Report. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2011; 10(2): 151-61. [Farsi]

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Background and Objective: Avoidance of thoughts related to traumatic events in traumatized people can play a role in incidence and persistence of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Given the importance of this issue, the current study was conducted in order to determine the role of experiential avoidance and mindfulness in predicting the symptoms of the PTSD in people exposed to trauma.

Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 100 subjects were selected through the stratified random sampling from traumatized people who are supported by Emdad Committee and Bonyade Shahid organization located in Gilan Gharb city. Mississippi Scale for PTSD, Acceptance and Action Questionnaire and Mindfulness Questionnaire were used for gathering data. Collected data were analyzed by Pearson’s correlation coefficient test and multiple linear regression.

Results: The correlation results showed that the symptoms of PTSD have positive relationship with experiential avoidance (r=0.768 p<0.001) and negative relationship with total score of mindfulness(r=-0.351 p<0.001) and components of observing (r=-0.328 p<0.001), mindful describing (r=-0.420 p<0.001), non-judgmental acceptance (r=-0.263 p=0.009). The results of linear regression analysis showed that 63% of variance of posttraumatic symptoms was positively explained by experiential avoidance and negatively by mindfulness (mindful describing).

Conclusion: The results of the current study show that the avoidance of thoughts related to the traumatic events and low mindfulness can play a role in predicting the symptoms of PTSD in traumatized people. 

Key words: Experiential avoidance, Mindfulness, Posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD),Exposure, Traumatic event

Funding: This research was funded by Research Committee of University of Mohaghegh Ardabili.

Conflict of interest: None declared.

Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of the University of Mohaghegh Ardabili approved the study.

 

How to cite this article: Basharpoor S, Shafiei M, Atadokht A, Narimani M.The Role of Experiential Avoidance and Mindfulness in Predicting the Symptoms of Stress Disorder after Exposure to Trauma in Traumatized People Supported by Emdad Committee and Bonyade Shahid Organization of Gilan Gharb in the first Half of 2014. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2015 14(5): 405-16. [Farsi]

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