Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences

Background and Objective: The human environment is very sensitive and fragile. In recent years the rate of pollutants has been increasing. Ahvaz city (located in South-West of Iran) with a population of 1,000,000 persons is one of the seven polluted Iranian metropolises. So, the aim of current study was to estimate the number of respiratory and cardiovascular deaths related to ozone exposure in Ahvaz, during 2011.

Materials and Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we used exposure metrics of ozone for estimation health effects on Ahvaz citizens. Collected data was processed by Excel software (through correcting temperature and pressure, coding, averaging and filtering). Finally, estimation of health effects attributed to ozone air pollution by Air Q model.

Results: Findings showed that the number of cardiovascular deaths resulted from ozone exposure was estimated to be 142 persons per year. 67% of these cases have been occurred in days with ozone levels not exceeding 120 μg/m³. Based on the results of this study, 49 persons were estimated as respiratory deaths within one year of exposure. 80 %of these cases have been occurred in days with ozone levels not exceeding 140 μg/m3.

Conclusion: We need to extend epidemiologic study for calculating relative risks, attributable proportion and baseline incidence until using data for estimating health effects on humans. The use of emission reduction scenarios such as emission reductions by industries and vehicles can step forward to have environment free of contaminants.

Key words: Ozone, Cardiovascular deaths, Respiratory deaths

Funding: This research was personally funded.

Conflict of interest: None declared.

Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Ahvaz Jundishapur University of Medical Sciences approved the study.

How to cite this article: Geravandi S, Neisi AK, Goudarzi G, Vousoghi Niri M, Mohammadi MJ. Estimation of Cardiovascular and Respiratory Deaths Related to Ozone Exposure in Ahvaz, During 2011. J RafsanjanUniv Med Sci 2015 13(11): 1073-82. [Farsi]

Background and Objective: Hospital waste water due to infectious organisms and other risk factors is important. In this study, the possibility of coliform bacteria removal from hospital waste water using ozone separately and combining with hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂ + O₃) as a pre-treatment was investigated.

Material and Methods: This is an experimental study that in the second moiety of 1392 in Kerman University of Medical Sciences and Engineering Research Center for Environmental Health Institute of the East Azerbaijan province was executed. Hospital microbial load in raw waste water,ozone disinfected and advanced oxidized raw sewage was determined by 9-tube most probable number(MPN) method.

Results: Average coliform bacteria and fecal coliform in raw sewage samples from 10 hospitals respectively 3.6×10⁵ and 2.5×10⁵ MPN were calculated. Coliform and fecal coliform removal efficiency of hospital wastewater by ozonation method back in time 10 and 20 minutes respectively (99.79 and 99.91%) and (99.99and 100%). was. Also, removal of coliform and fecal coliform wastewater advanced oxidation hospitals with contact times of 10 and 20 minutes (99.98 and 99.99%) and (100and 100%), respectively.

Conclusion: The trial showed that the effective performance both ozone disinfection and advanced oxidation process (O₃ + H₂O₂) as a pre-treatment is the removal of total coliform bacteria. However, the same results were obtained with a single injection of ozone. It is recommended that the hospital wastewater treatment in order to removal of total coliform bacteria only be done with ozone disinfection.

Key words: Coliform, Advanced oxidation, ozone disinfection, hospital sewage, Removal

Funding: This research was funded by Kerman University of Medical Sciences.

Conflict of interest: None declared.

Ethical approval: The Ethical Committee of Kerman University of Medical Sciences, approved the study.

How to cite this article:Malakootian M, Dehghanzageh Reyhani R, Sattarvand S, Loloei M. The Effectiveness of Ozone Disinfection and Advanced Oxidation (H₂o₂ + O₃) in the Elimination of Coliform Bacteria from Raw Sewage Hospital. J RafsanjanUniv Med Sci 2015 14(8): 679-90. [Farsi]