Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences

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Background and Objective: Physical and chemical quality of water is necessary for consumer’s acceptance, health promotion, and guarding of water distribution systems. The aim of this study was to determine the physical and chemical quality of drinking water in Qazvin.

Material and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted in 2014-2015. During three seasons a total of 150 samples were collected from different points of water distribution. Then, water pH, turbidity, residual chlorine, EC (Electrical Conductivity), TDS (Total Dissolved Solis), nitrate, total hardness, alkalinity, and concentrations of Pb, Hg, Cd and Cr were measured. Heavy metals were measured by atomic absorption spectrophotometerand other parameters were analyzed based on the Standard Method book. ANOVA was used for comparing the mean values between seasons.

Results: The average values during three seasons were reported as the following: pH=7.47, turbidity=0.28±0.05 (NTU), residual chlorine =42±0.24 (mg/L), EC=623.46±48.99 (mS/cm), TDS = 499.52±49.92 (mg/L), nitrate =42.65±4.73 (mg/L), total hardness=148.33±1.4 (mg/L CaCo₃), alkalinity=222.23±5.67 (mg/L CaCo3), and concentrations of Pb=0.008±0.0024 (mg/L), and Cr=0.031±0.002 (mg/L). The concentration of Hg and Cd were negligible in the total samples.

Conclusion: According to the obtained results, all the parameters were found to be within the permissible Iranian standards and the quality of Qazvin drinking water is safe for the consumers.

Key words: Drinking water, Water supply, Water quality, Pysicho-chemical, Qazvin

Funding: This study was funded by Tehran Universities of Medical Sciences, Iran.

Conflict of interest: None declared.

Ethical approval: This article does not need permission from the Ethics Committee.

How to cite this article: Panahi fard M, Mahvi AH., Asgari A, Nazemi S, Moradnia M. A Survey on Drinking Water Quality in Qazvin in 2015. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2017; 16(1): 3-16. [Farsi]

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Background and Objectives:  Breastfeeding self-efficacy is a modifiable and effective factor in initiation and continuation of breastfeeding. So, modifying breastfeeding self-efficacy by identifying the affecting factors is one of the strategies to improve breastfeeding status. This study was conducted to determine the breastfeeding self-efficacy status and its affecting factors in Kosar Hospital of Qazvin in 2016-2017.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive study consisted of 350 mothers who were admitted to the postpartum unit of the Kosar Hospital of Qazvin during the last 24 hours. The data were collected using demographic-obstetric questionnaire and short form of breastfeeding self-efficacy scale and evaluated using the independent t-test, one-way ANOVA and multiple liner regression.
Results: Mean and standard deviation of breastfeeding self-efficacy was 57.28±7.65. Among the factors studied, pariety (p=0.012), previous breastfeeding experience (p=0.001), planned breastfeeding type (p=0.008) and duration (p=0.025) and mother's satisfaction from infant feeding in the hospital (p<0.001) were significantly correlated with breastfeeding self-efficacy.
Conclusion: Based on the results of this study, there are some factors that associate with breastfeeding self-efficacy and can predict it. We can modify the factors that affect breastfeeding self-efficacy by educating health personnel and conducting interventions in hospitals and health centers, and subsequently improve the breastfeeding status.
Key words: Breastfeeding, Self-efficacy, Affecting factors, Qazvin
 
Funding: The study was funded by Qazvin University of Medical Sciences.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences approved the study (IR.QUMS.REC.1394.827).
 
How to cite this article: Moafi F, Hajnasiri H, Hosseini T, Alimoradi Z, Bajalan Z. Breastfeeding Self-Efficacy and Its Associated Factors in Women who Gave Birth in Kosar Hospital of Qazvin in 2016-2017: A Descriptive Study. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2019; 17 (11): 1003-16 [Farsi]
 

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Background and Objectives: The aim of this study was to determine the prevalence of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus aureus in traditional and device-made ice cream in Qazvin.
Materials and Methods: In this cross- sectional study, 100 samples of traditional and device-made ice cream in Qazvin were randomly collected over a period of one year and in different seasons. The culture method was then confirmed by PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) technique.
Results: The inflammation rate of Staphylococcus aureus bacteria was 5% in most seasons in the traditional and device-made ice cream and the most inflammation was in summer, and 80% (4 cases) of the isolated bacteria were methicillin resistant.
Conclusion: The use of pasteurized ice cream and observance of health principles in producing traditional and device-made ice cream will reduce the risk of contamination and food poisoning.
Key words: Staphylococcus aureus, Traditional ice cream, Device-made ice cream, PCR, Antibiotic resistance, Qazvin

Funding: This research was funded by Qazvin University of Medical Sciences, Qazvin, Iran.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences approved the study (Ethic Nubmer: IR.QUMS.REC.1396.352).

How to cite this article: Ebrahimi H, Mahmoudi R, Ghajarbeygi P, Shahsavari S, Mousavi Sh, Biglarikhoshmaram N. Study of Methicillin-Resistant Staphylococcus Aureus in Traditional and Device-Made Ice Cream in Qazvin, 2017-2018: A Short Report. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2019; 18 (7): 721-8. [Farsi]

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Background and Objectives: Fear of coronavirus disease 2019 (Covid-19) may lead to sexual disinterest and frustration and affect sexual function. This study aimed to determine the relationship between fear of Covid-19 disease and the sexual function of married people.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive study, 400 married residents of Qazvin participated in 2020. Data was collected as random multi-stage clusters. The study tools included the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF) in Men and Female's Sexual Function Index (FSFI) in Women, and Coronavirus Fear Questionnaire (FDCS). Data were analyzed using independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, and Spearman’s correlation test.
Results: There was a significant reverse relationship between the fear of coronavirus and the total score of female sexual function (r= -0.261, p= 0.007), but there was no significant relationship between the fear of coronavirus and the total score of male sexual function (r= -0.060, p= 0.812). The mean score of sexual function of men and women in people with a fear of having sex and employment in health centers was significantly lower, while in people that used sex flirting was significantly higher (p<0.05)
Conclusion: Fear of Covid-19 disease may harm the sexual function of married people, especially women, and reduce their quality of married life. Therefore, to prevent the destructive psychological effects of the epidemic, more attention and interventions are needed to improve sexual function.
Key words: Fear, Sexual function, COVID-19, Qazvin

Funding: This study was funded by Qazvin University of Medical Sciences.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences approved the study (IR.QUMS.REC.1399.270).

How to cite this article: Somaye Minaei Moghadam, Peyman Namdar, MohammadHusein Mafi, Leili Yekefallah. A Survy between Fear of COVID-19 Disease and Sexual Function of Iranian Married Men and Women Living in Qazvin: A Descriptive Study. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2022; 21 (1): 33-48. [Farsi]
 

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Background and Objectives: Hospital foodservices are fundamental to the care provided to patients throughout their healing processes. Therefore, this study was designed to identify and evaluate the environmental health indicators in hospital kitchens in Qazvin.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted in five different government hospitals, two private hospitals, and the Social Security Hospital of Qazvin in 2022. Data were collected by a standard structured checklist followed by observing, interviewing, and using available documents. Also, the study included 70 available food service staff that completed a standard questionnaire to assess their food safety KAP (knowledge, attitude, performance). Data were analyzed using independent t-test, one-way ANOVA, Spearman’s correlation coefficient, and non-parametric Wilcoxon test.
Results: In terms of environmental health indicators, 50% of kitchens were in good condition, 25% in average condition, and 25% in poor condition. A significant positive correlation was found between the number of employees and the status of environmental health indicators (r_s=0.982, p<0.001). Moreover, only 14.3% of personnel of kitchens (10 subjects) had good food safety knowledge. Knowledge was significantly associated with work experience and level of health education (p<0.05).
Conclusion: It has been observed that the knowledge of the staff on hygiene and food safety is low, and kitchens are in average condition in terms of environmental health indicators. So, it is suggested to have more interventional training, control, and surveillance.
Key words: Environmental health indicators, Hospital food services, Staff, Questionnaire, Qazvin

Funding: This study did not have any funds.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Qazvin University of Medical Sciences approved the study (IR.QUMS.REC.1400.505).

How to cite this article: Soleymani Saeid, Ranjbaran Mahdi, Jamali Hamzeh Ali, Emamjomeh Mohammad Mahdi. Identification and Quantification of the Environmental Health Indicators of Hospital Kitchens in Qazvin in 2022: A Descriptive Study. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2023; 21 (11): 1153-1170. [Farsi]