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Volume 10, Issue 1 (6-2011)
Background and Objectives: Reviewing the scientific literature concerning the analysis of different aspects of PhD education systems can help improve the knowledge promotion system in Iran. Different PhD training models around the world and their advantages and disadvantages have been investigated. The study explored the published papers using a systematic approach. Promotion plans in other countries were also investigated.
Materials and Methods: Main databanks between 1998 and 2008 were systematically reviewed using ten standard and sensitive keywords. In the next step, the contents of eligible papers were analyzed and classified.
Results: Thirty-two eligible papers were included in the final analysis. The main themes in these papers were about the student admission, supervision of PhD students and evaluation methods. In addition, these papers discussed how universities might improve the links between their PhD students and the community and industry. Moreover, we found information about the variety of training method between different countries, the trends in the number of PhD students and their age, sex and ethnic compositions. Major challenges for Ph.D education include: discipline, law and order in Ph.D programs, quality of supervision, completion time, drop-out rates, increasing number of students, preparation for employment, labor market qualifications and skills, cost of education, inter- university student exchange programs and foreign students admission.
Conclusion: Based on our findings, we need to pay more attention to diversify PhD training schemes particularly research-based PhD and professional PhD and to provide PhD education systems appropriate to the present and future needs of our society.
Keywords: PhD, Projection of scientific progress, Iran, Graduate education development, Higher education, Systematic review
Funding: This study was funded by a grant from deputy of research and technology, ministry of health and medical education.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: The Ethics Review Committee of Kerman University of Medical Sciences approved the study.
How to cite this article: Rooholamini A, Haghdoost A.A, Sadeghirad B, Fasihi Harandi M. Redefining Ph.D. Education in Iran: a Systematic Review of Literature. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2011; 10(Supll): 3-18. [Farsi]Volume 12, Issue 2 (4-2013)
سخن سردبیر
Editorial
مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان
دوره دوازدهم، اردیبهشت 1392، 88-87
چگونه مقالات مروری منظم و فرا تحلیلها را گزارش کنیم
How to report systematic reviews and meta-analyses
محسن رضائیان [1]
M. Rezaeian
تعداد مقالات پژوهشی اصیل که در حوزههای گوناگون معرفت بشری و بهویژه در حوزه سلامت به رشته تحریر در میآیند، با سرعت شتابانی افزایش مییابند. برای نمونه فقط برآورد میگردد که موتور جستجوی مدلاین MEDLINE سالانه حدود 600000 مقاله جدید را نمایه میکند. از همین رو، برای متخصصان یک رشته خاص، مطالعه و جمعبندی همه مقالات منتشر شده در حوزه تخصصیشان کاری بسیار دشوار میباشد [1]. در پاسخ به این نیاز مهم، دانشمندان، مطالعات مروری منظم (Systematic review studies) و فرا تحلیلها (Meta-analyses) را طراحی نمودهاند. در این نوع مطالعات، گروه تحقیق نسبت به تدوین یک پروتکل، بر اساس یک سؤال مشخص اقدام مینمایند که در آن، به دقت چگونگی جمعآوری، تجزیه و تحلیل و جمعبندی مقالات در یک قلمرو خاص از دانش بشری مشخص شده است. در صورتی که جمعبندی نتایج به صورت کیفی ( Qualitative ) گزارش گردد، نوع مطالعه مروری منظم و در صورتیکه جمعبندی نتایج به صورت کمّی ( Quantitative ) گزارش گردد، نوع مطالعه فراتحلیل خواهد بود [2].
مطالعات مروری منظم و فرا تحلیلها نیز ممکن است، مانند هر نوع طراحی مطالعه دیگر به شکلی ضعیف طراحی و اجرا شوند، لذا دستورالعملهای خاصی برای چگونگی گزارش چنین مطالعاتی در نظر گرفته شده است. برای نمونه، در سال 1996 میلادی یک گروه بینالمللی از دانشمندان، دستورالعملی را برای گزارش فراتحلیلها طراحی نمودند که بهعنوان بیانیه کواروم [( (QuoRom Statement) (Quality of Reporting of Meta-analyses ] شناخته شد [3]. این بیانیه فقط مختص چگونگی گزارش یک فراتحلیل به عمل آمده بر روی کارآزماییهای تصادفی شاهددار ( Randomized Controlled Trials ) تهیه شده بود. از همین رو، بازنگری این بیانیه به ویژه به منظور در بر گرفتن مطالعات مروری منظم ضروری بود. از همین رو، گروهی از دانشمندان متخصص فعالیت خود را بر روی بیانیه کواروم متمرکز نموده و نتایج کار خود را در سال 2009 میلادی با عنوان بیانیه پریزما [ (Performed Reporting Items for Systematic reviews and Meta-analyses) ( PRISMA Statement )] منتشر نمودند [5-4]. از خصوصیات بیانیه جدید آن است که در آن علاوه بر فراتحلیلها، چگونگی گزارش استاندارد مطالعات مروری منظم نیز در نظر گرفته شده است. همچنین، اگر چه مرکز تمرکز این بیانیه نیز بر روی جمعبندی کارآزماییهای تصادفی شده شاهددار میباشد، اما تدوینکنندگان این بیانیه معتقدند که میتوان آن را برای جمعبندی سایر مطالعات نیز بکار برد.
بیانیه پریزما دارای یک چک لیست 27 آیتمی است که در آن چگونگی نگارش عنوان، خلاصه، روشها، نتایج، بحث و حتی منبع تأمینکننده بودجه مطالعه مورد سؤال قرار گرفته است. همچنین، این بیانیه دارای یک فلودیاگرام ( (Flow-diagram چهار مرحلهای است که در آن به دقت چگونگی پیدا کردن، غربالگری، دستیابی به مقالات مرتبط و جمعبندی آنها مورد پرسش قرار گرفته است.
با توجه به اینکه انجام مطالعات مروری منظم و فرا تحلیلها [5] در کشور ما نیز در حال افزایش است و مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان مانند سایر مجلات علوم پزشکی کشور در هر سال تعداد زیادی از این مقالات راجهت چاپ دریافت میکند، ضرورری است که محققین محترم قبل از انجام هرگونه مطالعه مروری منظم یا فراتحلیل، ازمفاد بیانیه پریزما و کاربرد دقیق آن در طراحی مطالعه خود اطمینان لازم را کسب نمایند تا مقاله حاصل از کار آنها با اقبال در انتشار روبرو گردد. لازم به توضیح است که علاوه بر منابع شماره 4 و 5 ذکر شده در این سخن سردبیری که به تشریح بیانیه پریزما میپردازد، این بیانیه دارای یک وب سایت مشخص است که در بهار سال 1392 آدرس آن ( http//www.prisma-statment.org/ ) میباشد.
References
[1] Chung KC, Shauver MJ. Crafting practice guidelines in the world of evidence-based medicine. Plast Reconstr Surg 2009 124: 1349-54.
[2] Leucht S, Kissling W, Davis JM. How to read and understand and use systematic reviews and meta-analyses. Acta Psychiatr Scand 2009 119(6): 443-50.
[3] Moher D, Cook DJ, Eastwood S, Olkin I, Rennie D. Improving the quality of reporting of meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials: The QUOROM statement. Lancet 1994 354: 1896-900.
[4] Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, Mulrow C, Gøtzsche PC, Ioannidis JP, et al. The PRISMA statement for reporting systematic reviews and meta-analyses of studies that evaluate healthcare interventions: explanation and elaboration. J Clin Epidemiol 2009 62(10): 1-34.
[5] Liberati A, Altman DG, Tetzlaff J, Mulrow C, Gøtzsche PC, Ioannidis JP, et al. Preferred reporting items for systematic reviews and meta-analyses: the PRISMA statement. BMJ 2009 339 : b2535.
[1] - استاد گروه آموزشی پزشکی اجتماعی، دانشکده پزشکی، دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان
تلفن: 5234003-0391، دورنگار: 5225209-0391، پست الکترونیکی: moeygmr2@yahoo.co.uk
Volume 15, Issue 1 (4-2016)
Today, understanding of systematic reviews and meta-analyses and their practical use is essential for who concerned with society's health. Most of the medical reports invoked to these reviews and statements and it is necessary for scientific experts to be familiar with their performing rules and the way of their writing. The basic sciences specialists and clinical professionals study them to keep up the level of their knowledge on the fields of interest.These articles are often seen as the beginning of the developing clinical guidelines for organizations that provide facilities to carry out a research and it is used to verify and justify further investigation. Some of the journals in the field of health adjust their publishing to this direction. Like other researches, Value of the systematic reviews and meta-analyses of the literature is to answer three questions: 1- what has been done? 2- what has been proven? and, 3- how has been it arranged? Systematic review and meta-analysis of basic sciences and clinical medicine could manage the problems of health system and formulate the guidelines for the collection and conclusions of the completed research, which is contributed to a specific subject or question. Guidelines developed at the PRISMA; Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses, included a checklist and a flow chart. Therefore, the present study aimed to inform the Persian language researchers to publish their writing according to PRISMA statement.
Key words: Systematic review, Meta-analysis, PRISMA statement, Reporting
Funding: This research was funded by Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences approved the study.
How to cite this article: Asar Sh, Jalalpour Sh, Ayoubi F, Rahmani MR, Rezaeian M. PRISMA; Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses. J RafsanjanUniv Med Sci 2016; 15(1): 63-80. [Farsi]
Volume 15, Issue 11 (2-2017)
Background and Objective: Suicide is a very important issue and because the students are active members of society, suicide behaviors among them are more important. Several factors are involved in students’ suicide behaviors and by identifying these factors it would be possible to prevent suicide among them. The aim of this review was to determine the prevalence of suicidal thoughts and attempts plus their relative risk factors among Iranian students.
Materials and Methods: This study is a systematic review carried out in October 2016, using different search engines including SID, Magiran, Google Scholar, Pubmed and Scopus. The keywords used were suicide, university, student and their Persian equivalents and it was found a total of 26 relevant articles.
Results: The results of this study revealed that suicide attempts varied from 1.8% to 3.5% and suicidal thoughts ranged from 6.2% to 42.7%. In most studies, suicide was associated with psychiatric disorders, especially depression. Suicidal thoughts and attempts were higher in single than married and in male than in female students. Being away from family has increased suicidal thoughts.
Conclusion: Suicidal thoughts and attempts are rather serious problems in Iranian students. Therefore, it is necessary to identify students who have suicidal thoughts and try to prevent them from committing suicide. Furthermore, suicidal thoughts which may lead to suicidal attempts can be decreased as much as possible.
Key words: Suicidal ideation, Support, Attempt, Systematic review, Iranian students
Funding: None.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
How to cite this article: Bakhtar M, Rezaeian M. The Prevalence of Suicide Thoughts and Attempted Suicide Plus TheirRisk Factors Among Iranian Students: A Systematic Review Study. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2017; 15(10): 1061-76. [Farsi]
Volume 16, Issue 11 (3-2018)
Background and Objectives: Suicide is a phenomenon that is common among young people and is divided into different types. Self-mutilation is a part of suicide behavior and is a major problem among the military forces, especially the soldiers. This systematic review aimed to assess the prevalence of suicidal behavior in Iranian military forces.
Materials and Methods: The present review article has been conducted in spring 2017 with the help of search engines: SID, Magiran, Google Scholar, and PubMed. In the search strategy the “Soldier”, “Suicide”, “Army” “Military”, and “Self-mutilation” key words and their Persian equivalents were used.
Results: During the screening process, of a total of 321 papers, 305 articles were excluded from the study for various reasons and only 16 articles were included. Of these, 4 articles had directly reported the statistics of suicidal thoughts of the soldiers. In most studies, several aspects of suicidal behavior had been investigated. The prevalence of suicidal ideation in the country's soldiers was estimated to be from 5.8 up to 28.4 percent
Conclusion: Suicidal thoughts in soldiers were estimated to be relatively high. Therefore, serious and appropriate measures should be taken by the relevant authorities to minimize it.
Key words: Suicide, Suicidal ideation, Suicide attempt, Military personnel, Soldier, Systematic review
Funding: No Funding.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
How to cite this article: Bakhtar M, Rezaeian M. A Survey on the Suicidal Behavior in Iranian Military Forces: A Systematic Review Study. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2018; 16(11): 1065-1080. [Farsi]
Volume 18, Issue 3 (6-2019)
Background and Objectives: Resistance to aminoglycosides has become a major problem in the treatment of urinary tract infection due to the extensive use of this antibiotic group. Due to the increased resistance of Escherichia coli to aminoglycosides, this study systematically evaluated the resistance to aminoglycosides by Escherichia coli isolated from urinary tract infection (UTI) in Iran over the past 12 years.
Materials and Methods: In this systematic review, data on resistance to aminoglycosides in UTI isolates of E. coli in Iran from 2000 to 2012 were studied by evalution of 43 studies (14129 cases) including English and Persian articles, accredited domestic and international websites (magiran , PubMed, ScienceDirect), dissertations and microbiology conferences summaries.
Results: Resistance to amikacin, gentamicin and tobaramycin was evaluated in 5, 24, 37 studies, respectively. Totally, 24 studies were done on outpatients, 11 on inpatients and 8 on both outpatient and inpatients. In 39 studies disc diffusion, 2 sudies E test and 2 studes MIC (Minimum inhibitory concentration) were used. According to the statistical analysis, the resistance to amikacin, gentamicin and tobramycin was estimated 20.84, 12.30 and 43.66 precent, respectively.
Conclusion: According to different methods of resistance measurement and statistical indices, there is a heterogeneity and fluctuation in the level of resistance to aminoglycosides, including the increasing trend of resistance to gentamicin and tobramycin in Iran. The appropriate use of this antibiotic group with the evaluation of isolated resistance along with continuous monitoring on epidemiology of regional resistance is needed.
Key words: Aminoglycoside resistance, Escherichia coli, Urinary tract infection, Systematic review, Iran
How to cite this article: Akya A, Salimi Ghale E, Izadi N. Resistance to Aminoglycoside Antibiotics in Escherichia coli Isolated from Urinary Tract Infection in Iran in 2000-2012: A Systematic Review. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2019; 18 (3): 285-304. [Farsi]
Volume 20, Issue 2 (5-2021)
سخن سردبیر
Editorial
مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان
دوره 20، اردیبهشت 1400، 146-145
درآمدی بر مرورهای نظاممند زنده
An Introduction to Living Systematic Reviews
محسن رضائیان[1]
M. Rezaeian
تا کنون در سخنان سردبیری مجله دانشگاه، درباره انواع مقالات مروری، مطالب گوناگونی را به رشته تحریر در آوردهایم. هدف از نگارش این مقالات، آشنا ساختن خوانندگان و نویسندگان فرهیخته مجله دانشگاه پیرامون انواع مقالات مروری و شیوه طراحی و نگارش آنها بوده است [3-1] . در این سخن سردبیری قصد دارم که پیرامون مرور نظاممند زنده Living Systematic Review (LSR) مطالبی را به رشته تحریر در آورم.
مرور نظاممند زنده برای اولین بار در سال 2014 میلادی مطرح گردید و از آن تاریخ تا کنون مقالات متعددی پیرامون آن به رشته تحریر در آمده است. مطالعه مروری نظاممند زنده، مطالعهای است که به طور مداوم به روز میشود تا در اولین فرصتی که شواهد جدید منتشر میشوند بتوان آنها را به شواهد قبلی متصل نمود. این رویکرد، برای هرگونه مطالعه مروری اعم از مطالعات مروری نظاممند یا فراتحلیلها قابل استفاده میباشد. منتهی، شرط آن این است که ابتدا پروتکل مطالعه به رشته تحریر در آمده و ترجیحاً در یک نشریه معتبر چاپ گردد. در این پروتکل، تعهد نویسندگان برای انجام یک مطالعه مروری نظاممند زنده مورد تأیید قرار گرفته و آنها به دقت مشخص میکنند که هر چند وقت یکبار، مرور خود را در میان پایگاههای اطلاعاتی مورد نظر خود، تکرار خواهند کرد [4].
به عبارت دیگر، یک مطالعه مروری نظاممند زنده، مطالعه مروری نظاممندی است که طراحی آنها به خوبی شرح داده شده است. به علاوه، در آن مشخص میگردد که هر چند وقت یکبار، مثلاً ماهانه یا سه ماه یکبار، کل مرور شواهد تکرار خواهد شد. همچنین در آن مشخص میگردد، در صورتی که شواهد جدید در هر بار تکرار، به دست نیاید این نکته چگونه به اطلاع علاقمندان خواهد رسید. همچنین، اگر در هر بار تکرار مرور، شواهد جدیدی به دست آید نیز چگونه به اطلاع خوانندگان خواهد رسید [4].
یکی از بهترین سلسله مقالات منتشر شده پیرامون مرور نظاممند زنده، مقالاتی است که در نشریه معتبر Journal of Clinical Epidemiology در سال 2017 میلادی به چاپ رسیدهاند. مقاله اول از این سلسله مقالات به ارائه مقدمه، چرایی، چگونگی، چیستی و زمان انجام مقالات مرور نظاممند زنده میپردازد [5] . مقاله دوم درباره این شرح میدهد که چگونه میتوان از تواناییهایی که تکنولوژیهای جدید در اختیار ما گزاردهاند، در نگارش یک مقاله مروری نظاممند زنده استفاده نمود [6]. مقاله سوم، درباره روشهای آماری که میتوان در انجام مقالات مرور نظاممند زنده از آنها بهره گرفت، مطالبی را ارائه مینماید [7] و بالاخره، مقاله چهارم نیز اختصاص به دستورالعملهایی دارد که در نگارش چنین مقالاتی باید از آنها بهره جست [8].
با توجه به رشد نگارش مقالات در حوزههای گوناگون سلامت، انجام چنین مرورهایی از ضرورت انکار ناپذیری برخوردار است. با این وجود، توجه به این نکته نیز بسیار ضروری است که رعایت دقیق قواعد و مقررات یک مرور نظاممند زنده، برای دستیابی به اهداف آن نیز از اهمیت شایان توجهی برخوردار میباشد.
References
[1] Rezaeian M. Writing Review Articles for JRUMS. JRUMS 2017; 16 (8):701-2.
[2] Rezaeian M. An Introduction to Scoping Review. JRUMS 2018; 17 (4):291-2.
[3] Rezaeian M. An Introduction to Umbrella Reviews. JRUMS 2019; 18 (7):621-2.
[4] Elliott JH, Turner T, Clavisi O, Thomas J, Higgins JP, Mavergames C, et al. Living systematic reviews: an emerging opportunity to narrow the evidence-practice gap. PLoS Med 2014 Feb 18; 11(2):e1001603.
[5] Elliott JH, Synnot A, Turner T, Simmonds M, Akl EA, McDonald S, et al. Living systematic review: 1. Introduction-the why, what, when, and how. J Clin Epidemiol 2017 Nov; 91:23-30.
[6] Thomas J, Noel-Storr A, Marshall I, Wallace B, McDonald S, Mavergames C, et al. Living systematic reviews: 2. Combining human and machine effort. J Clin Epidemiol 2017 Nov; 91: 31-7.
[7] Simmonds M, Salanti G, McKenzie J, Elliott J; Living Systematic Review Network. Living systematic reviews: 3. Statistical methods for updating meta-analyses. J Clin Epidemiol 2017 Nov; 91:38-46.
[8] Akl EA, Meerpohl JJ, Elliott J, Kahale LA, Schünemann HJ; Living Systematic Review Network. Living systematic reviews: 4. Living guideline recommendations. J Clin Epidemiol 2017 Nov; 91:47-53.
تلفن: 31315123-034، دورنگار: 31315123-034، پست الکترونیکی: moeygmr2@yahoo.co.uk، ارکید: 0000-0003-3070-0166
Volume 21, Issue 1 (4-2022)
Background and Objectives: Covid-19 disease, which appeared in Wuhan, China in December 2019, spread rapidly around the world. According to the World Health Organization (WHO), the virus has exposed us to a global crisis. Therefore, this study aimed at investigating the factors associated with the hospitalization of patients with Covid-19.
Materilas and Methods: In this systematic review, the information of studies carried out concerning surveying the factors associated with the hospitalization of patients with COVID-19 was extracted with no time limit up to April 2021, using the keywords "2019-nCoV", "COVID-19", "SARS-CoV-2", "Coronaviruses", "Hospitaliz*", and "Factor*" in SID, MagIran, Embase, ProQuest, Scopus, PubMed, Web of Science (ISI), and Google Scholar engine .
Results: Finally, out of 8710 received articles and after eliminating the articles irrelevant to inclusion criteria, 13 articles with a sample size of 129022 people were included in the study. According to various studies, aging, male gender, black race, obesity, high BMI, smoking, diabetes, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, hypertension are directly related to the hospitalization of patients with COVID-19 (p<0.05), but more research is needed on alcohol consumption and asthma.
Conclusion: The results of this study showed that the elderly, men, blacks, obese people, smokers, hypertension, diabetics, and patients with cardiovascular and kidney disease are at a higher risk of hospitalization due to COVID-19, which may be of interest to the related specialists.
Key words: Related factors, COVID-19, Hospitalization, Systematic review
Funding: This study was funded by Kermanshah University of Medical Sciences, Kermanshah, Iran.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
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How to cite this article: Ghavami T, Kazeminia M, Naghibzadeh N, Rasad R, Jafari F. Evaluation of Factors Related to the Hospitalization of Patients with COVID-19: A Systematic Review. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2022; 21 (1): 109-26. [Farsi]
Volume 21, Issue 2 (5-2022)
Background and Objectives: Exposure to lead and its effects on children's health is one of the most important and widespread concerns of human societies today. Therefore, the purpose of this systematic study was to evaluate blood lead levels in Iranian children.
Materials and Methods: In this systematic review, PubMed, Scopus, Science Direct, Scientific Information Database (SID), and Iran Medex databases were comprehensively searched for papers published from 2005 to the end of October 2021. Studies that reported blood lead levels in Iranian children were collected. Then the articles were evaluated according to a pre-prepared checklist.
Results: Of a total of 143 articles found in the initial search, 13 studies were included in our systematic review. The lowest and highest mean blood lead levels were 0.65 micrograms per deciliter in Abadan and 57.1 micrograms per deciliter in Mashhad, respectively. In three studies conducted in Mashhad and Isfahan, blood lead levels were reported to be higher than 5 Micrograms per deciliter in all children studied. The level of education of the father, the use of canned food, the habit of eating soil by the child, damage to the paint of the house, and the reduction of blood iron levels were the effective factors in increasing the blood lead levels in Iranian children.
Conclusion: Due to the high prevalence of blood lead samples above 5 micrograms per deciliter in some studies, reducing the exposure to lead should be seriously pursued by health policy makers and health systems.
Key words: Blood lead levels, Children, Iran, Systematic review
Funding: This study did not have any funds.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: None applicable.
How to cite this article: Ghaffarian Bahraman Ali, Rezaeian Mohsen. Evaluation of Blood Lead Levels in Iranian Children: A Systematic Review. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2022; 21 (02): 221-44. [Farsi]
Volume 21, Issue 3 (7-2022)
A scientific hypothesis article refers to articles that are written based on a careful study of the available evidence about a scientific problem. In this type of article, the authors try to present a hypothesis that can be tested in a laboratory environment or field, using the most important published articles in their specialty. Due to the importance of familiarity with scientific hypothesis articles for the Persian language readers, the present article is aimed to introduce such articles. The present article will first distinguish between a scientific hypothesis article and a systematic review article. Then, the structure of a scientific hypothesis article will be examined and it will be determined what parts a scientific hypothesis article consists of. The present article also contains important points about peer review of a scientific hypothesis article.
Key words: Scientific hypothesis article, Systematic review article, Peer review
How to cite this article: Rezaeian Mohsen. How to Write a Scientific Hypothesis Article. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2022; 21 (3): 367-74. [Farsi]
Volume 21, Issue 5 (9-2022)
Background and Objectives: Suicide is a serious issue, so it needs to be addressed. The purpose of this review study is to a Systematic Review on the prevalence and Causes of Suicide (Thoughts and Actions) In Iranian School and University Students.
Materials and Methods: This study is a systematic review carried out in April 2022, using different search engines including SID, Magiran, Google Scholar, Sciencedirect, PubMed, Scopus, as well as the keywords “Suicide”, “University”, “Student”, and their Persian equivalents in relation to Iranian school and university students. 27 articles were reviewed.
Results: The results of this study revealed that suicide attempt in students varied from 6 to 8.3% and suicidal ideation ranged from 2.8 to 7.49%. The most important causes of suicide were mental disorders, depression, low resilience, loneliness, hopelessness, family factors, weakness of religious beliefs, and stressors.
Conclusion: Psychological interventions include religion-based and metacognitive therapy, resilience and positive thinking skills training, mindfulness-based cognitive therapy, and positive psychology training. Regular screening and psychological interventions can be used to prevent, treat, and reduce suicidal ideation among students.
Key words: Suicidal ideation, Suicide Attempt, Suicide Prevalence, Suicide Risk Factors, A Systematic review study
Funding: None.
Conflict of interest:None declared.
Ethical approval: None applicable.
How to cite this article: Miri Minoo, Rezaeian Mohsen, Ghasemi Sayed Alireza. Prevalence of Suicidal Ideation, Suicidal Action, and Related Risk Factors in Iranian School and University Students: A Systematic Review Study. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2022; 21 (05): 551-74. [Farsi]
Volume 21, Issue 6 (9-2022)
Background and Objectives: Pre-hospital emergency staff face stressful environments. Job stress management can make employees stay in their occupations and provide appropriate services to patients as soon as possible. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of determining job-related stress and its management methods among pre-hospital emergency staff in Iran.
Materials and Methods: In this systematic review, published English and Persian studies without time limitation were searched and reviewed electronically in Persian and English databases from PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, SID, Magiran, and Google scholar using related keywords. After removing duplicate and unrelated articles, the quality of the articles was evaluated by the authors based on the Strobe checklist. Finally, the narrative synthesis method was used to combine the data.
Results: After screening, among the 113 studies, 12 studies reached the final synthesis stage based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Most of the studies reported moderate levels of occupational stress. Individual, occupational, organizational, and environmental factors were effective in the occupational stress of employees.
Conclusion: Pre-hospital emergency workers face stressful situations on average in Iran. Using strategies such as educational intervention programs, gratitude programs, and management measures such as reducing work shifts and improving comfort facilities can help reduce the occupational stress of employees working in pre-hospital emergency centers.
Key words: Pre-hospital emergency, Job stress, Stress management, Systematic review
Funding: This study did not have any funds.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: None applicable.
How to cite this article: Farrokhi Pouria, Irannejad Behrooz, Hajizadeh Alireza. Job Stress and Its Management Methods among Pre-Hospital Emergency Staff in Iran: A Systematic Review. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2022; 21 (06): 661-76. [Farsi]
Volume 22, Issue 5 (8-2023)
Background and Objectives: One of the psychological consequences of the COVID-19 epidemic was the occurrence of suicidal thoughts and attempts among people, especially the medical staff. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of investigating suicidal thoughts and attempts among the treatment staff.
Materials and Methods: The present systematic review was performed in relation to the thoughts and attempts of suicide of the treatment staff in April 2023, using search engines SID, Magiran, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, PubMed, Springer, and Scopus, and also keywords Suicide, Treatment staff, Health care workers, Nurses, Physicians, COVID-19, Coronavirus, and their Persian equivalents. A number of 10 articles were reviewed.
Results: The results of this study showed that suicidal thoughts ranged from 6.31 to 15.81 percent, and attempted suicide among the treatment staff ranged from 10.8 to 11.1 percent. Factors such as poor mental health, low sleep, high stress, low support, low self-confidence, use of psychoactive drugs, income worries, loneliness, social isolation, childlessness, stress caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, depression, anxiety, and previous suicide attempts, were among the most important predictors of suicide attempts.
Conclusion: The results of this research, while emphasizing the growth of awareness in the field of causes and methods of suicide among the medical staff, point out to the necessity of this issue that managers and planners of health and medical organizations have to take basic steps in order to formulate suicide prevention policies in epidemics.
Key words: Treatment staff, Suicidal thoughts, Attempted suicide, COVID-19, Systematic review
Funding: This study did not have any funds.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: Not applicable.
How to cite this article: Miri Minoo, Rezaeian Mohsen, Ghasemi Seyed Alireza. Investigating Suicidal Thoughts and Attempts Among Medical Staff During the Covid-19 Pandemic: A Systematic Review. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2023; 22 (5): 523-38. [Farsi]
Volume 22, Issue 6 (10-2023)
سخن سردبیر
Editorial
مجله دانشگاه علوم پزشکی رفسنجان
دوره 22، شهریور 1402، 554-553
مقدمهای بر مقالات مروری نظاممند کیفی
An Introduction to Qualitative Systematic Review
محسن رضائیان[1]
Mohsen Rezaeian
تاکنون در مجله دانشگاه، پیرامون انواع مقالات مروری، مطالبی را به چاپ رساندهایم [10-1]. مقالات مروری مورد اشاره، در خصوص جمعبندی مطالعات کمی مورد استفاده قرار میگیرند. همچنین، به این نکته نیز اشاره کردیم که چطور میتوان از مطالعات مروری نظاممند کمی، برای بهبود و تکمیل مطالعات کیفی استفاده نمود [11]. با این وجود ذکر این نکته ضروری است که، مقالات مروری نظاممند کیفی (Qualitative Systematic review) یا تحلیل شواهد کیفی (Qualitative evidence synthesis)، یکی دیگر از انواع مقالات مروری است که به ادغام و مقایسه نتایج مطالعات کیفی به عمل آمده پیرامون یک موضوع خاص، میپردازند [12].
از آنجایی که شیوه انجام مطالعات کیفی در مقایسه با مطالعات کمی، تفاوتهای بسیار زیادی دارد. از این رو، شیوه انجام مطالعات مروری نظاممند کیفی با مرور نظاممند کمی نیز، کاملاً متفاوت است. این نکته به ویژه از آنجایی حائز اهمیت است که انجام مطالعات مروری نظاممند کیفی، موضوع بسیار جدیدی است و هنوز شیوههای انجام این مطالعه، در دست توسعه میباشد [13]. برای مثال، "اینکه آیا باید تمام مطالعات کیفی به عمل آمده پیرامون موضوع نظر مورد شناسایی قرار گیرد یا اینکه اگر تعداد قابل قبولی از آنها نیز شناسایی شود کافی است؟"، موضوع قابل بحثی است و "اینکه آیا کیفیت مطالعات به دست آمده چگونه ارزیابی شود و یا اصولاً انجام چنین ارزیابی ضروری است؟"، موضوع قابل بحث دیگری است [12].
با این وجود، محققین در انجام مطالعات مروری نظاممند کیفی به دنبال گسترش دانش و پیداکردن تمها (Themes) و یا سازههایی (Constructs) هستند، تا بتوانند نتایج حاصل از مطالعات مروری خود را در قالب یک تئوری جدید، مطرح نموده و یا قدرت تعمیم نتایج آن را افزایش بدهند. برای نمونه، در مطالعه مروری نظاممند کیفی پیرامون تجارب و ادراک از خودکشی جوانان، محققین نتیجه گرفتند که: " خودکشی جوانان یک موضوع پیچیده با علل و عوامل خطر بسیاری است که با یکدیگر تعامل دارند. از این رو، برای درمان و پیشگیری موفق، اصلاح رویهها، همراه با تغییر نگرشهای اجتماعی نسبت به ابراز عاطفی و خودکشی، مورد نیاز است [14]."
References
[1] Rezaeian M. How to report systematic reviews and meta- analyses. JRUMS 2013; 12 (2): 87-8.
[2] Rezaeian M. Writing Review Articles for JRUMS. JRUMS 2017; 16 (8): 701-2.
[3] Rezaeian M. An Introduction to Scoping Review. JRUMS 2018; 17 (4): 291-2.
[4] Rezaeian M. An Introduction to Umbrella Reviews. JRUMS 2019; 18 (7): 621-2.
[5] Rezaeian M. An Introduction to Living Systematic Reviews. JRUMS 2021; 20 (2): 145-6.
[6] Rezaeian M. An Introduction to Rapid Review Articles. JRUMS 2022; 21 (8): 799-800.
[7] Rezaeian M. An Introduction to Mini Review Articles. JRUMS 2022; 21 (9): 909-910.
[8] Rezaeian M. An Introduction to State-of-the-Art Review Articles. JRUMS 2023; 22 (2): 109-10.
[9] Rezaeian M. An Introduction to Critical Review Articles. JRUMS 2023; 22 (3): 221-2.
[10] Rezaeian M. An introduction to Mapping Review Articles. JRUMS 2023; 22 (4): 317-18.
[11] Rezaeian M. An Introduction to Mixed Studies Review. JRUMS 2023; 22 (5): 435-6
[12] Grant MJ, Booth A. A typology of reviews: an analysis of 14 review types and associated methodologies. Health Info Libr J 2009; 26(2): 91-108.
[13] Butler A, Hall H, Copnell B. A Guide to Writing a Qualitative Systematic Review Protocol to Enhance Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing and Health Care. Worldviews Evid Based Nurs 2016; 13(3): 241-9.
[14] Grimmond J, Kornhaber R, Visentin D, Cleary M. A qualitative systematic review of experiences and perceptions of youth suicide. PLoS One 2019; 14(6): e0217568.
تلفن: 31315243-034، دورنگار: 31315243-034، پست الکترونیکی: moeygmr2@yahoo.co.uk، ارکید: 0000-0003-3070-0166
Volume 22, Issue 6 (10-2023)
Background and Objectives: Long-term pain experience and pain-related time beliefs are key factors for understanding pain experience and patients' psychological distress. The present study was conducted to determine the relationship between mental health and chronic pain in children and adolescents.
Materials and Methods: In this review research, using the English keywords chronic pain, chronic back pain, chronic headache, abdominal pain, neck pain, multiple pain, musculoskeletal pain, children, adolescents, and mental health, databases such as Google Scholar, PubMed, ISI, Scopus, EMBASE, and PsycINFO were searched in the period 2000 (from January) to 2022 (until November).
Results: The studies conducted showed that the prevalence of chronic pain was 4%-60% in children and adolescents, and abdominal pain, headache, back pain, and multiple pains were more common. Patients with depression, anxiety, fear, stress, pain catastrophizing, emotional ataxia, psychological distress, aggression, behavioral problems, and cognitive disorders had more severe chronic pain. On the other hand, factors such as favorable socio-economic status, quality of life related to health, good sleep quality, social communication, physical activity, resilience, and cognitive flexibility reduced pain and accelerated the treatment process of patients with chronic pain.
Conclusion: The obtained results indicated a significant association between mental health and chronic pain in children and adolescents. In this context, psychology and counseling centers of schools should provide training to increase the quality of life-related to the health and resilience of children and adolescents.
Key words: Mental health, Chronic pain, Children, Adolescents, Systematic review study
Funding: This study did not have any funds.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: The Ethics Committee of Tarbiat Modares University approved the study (IR.MODARES.REC.1401.197).
How to cite this article: Bagheri Sheykhangafshe Farzin, Farahani Hojatollah, Dehghani Mohsen, Fathi-Ashtiani Ali. Examining the Relationship Between Mental Health and Chronic Pain in Children and Adolescents: A Systematic Review Study. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2023; 22 (6): 617-36. [Farsi]
Volume 22, Issue 7 (11-2023)
همانطور که قبلاً به آن اشاره گردید، مقالات گزارش مورد و یا گزارش موارد برای بیان موارد نادر از یک بیماری و یا عارضههای نادر ناشی از یک بیماری، آسیب و یا رفتار، به کار میروند. این قبیل مقالات به طور معمول توسط همکاران بالینی که با آن مورد یا موارد نادر برخورد کرده، به رشته تحریر در میآیند و میتوانند تأثیر به سزایی را در افزایش دانش بشری به بیماریها و آسیبهایی داشته باشند که در نهایت، سلامت مردم یک جامعه یا سلامت تمامی مردم جهان را تحت مخاطره خویش، قرار میدهند [1].
نمونه بارز آن، گزارش مواردی از بیماران مرد همجنس باز جوانی بود که به سارکوم پیچیده و نادر کاپوسی (Kaposi’s sarcoma) مبتلا شده بودند. همین گزارش، راه برای شناخت بیماری ایذر باز نمود که امروز تبدیل به یک بیماری بسیار خطرناک شده است [2]. همچنین، شناخت عارضه نادر فوکوملیا (Phocomelia) در بین مادرانی که از داروی آرامبخش تالیدومید (Thalidomide) در دوران بارداری خود استفاده میکردند، نمونه دیگری از یک گزارش موارد بود که منجر به شناخت اثرات ناخواسته مصرف این دارو در زمان بارداری گردید [3].
برای آنکه مقالات گزارش مورد یا گزارش موارد به شیوه نسبتاً استانداری به رشته تحریر درآیند و به افزایش دانش بشری پیرامون عوارض نادر یا بیماریها نادر کمک نمایند، قواعد و دستورالعملهای خاصی تدوین شده است. همچنین، از آنجایی که این مقالات توسط همکاران بالینی به رشته تحریر در میآیند و آنها از وقت بسیار کمی برای نوشتن مقالات علمی برخوردارند، نباید نگارش یک مقاله گزارش مورد یا گزارش موارد، صرفاً به خاطر مشغلهی فراوان آنها از حالت استاندارد خود خارج شود. چرا که چنین مقالات غیر استانداری، از احتمال چاپ شدن بسیار پایینی برخوردارهستند [1].
با این وجود، وقتی که تعداد کافی از مقالات نسبتاً استاندارد در خصوص یک بیماری نادر، یا عارضهی نادر یک بیماری و یا آسیب چاپ میشوند، پژوهشگران میتوانند به مرور نظاممند این مقالات بپردازند. این نوع مقالات را میتوان مرور نظام مند گزارش مورد یا گزارش موارد(Systematic review of case reports/case series) ، نامید. برای نگارش این قبیل مقالات، محققین درست همانند یک مقاله مروری نظاممند و با دقت هر چه تمامتر در قسمت مواد و روشهای مقاله خود، استراتژی جستجوی خود را شرح میدهند. این استراتژی باید با چنان دقتی نوشته شود که توسط داوران و خوانندگان مقاله قابلیت تکرار داشته و در نتیجه، آنها بتوانند یافتههای یک مقاله نظاممند گزارش مورد را مورد راستی آزمایی قرار دهند.
محققین، همچنین میتوانند معیارها ورود و خروج مقالات گزارش مورد یا موارد بازیابی شده به مقاله مروری خود را شرح دهند. پس از جمعآوری و ورود مقالات گزارش مورد یا گزارش موارد به یک مقاله مروری نظاممند، آن وقت محققین نسبت به ارائه تحلیل نتایج مطالعه خود خواهند پرداخت. مقالات مرور نظاممند گزارش موارد، از یک تحلیل ساده کیفی استفاده خواهند کرد و با استفاده از این روش، سعی مینمایند که مهمترین یافتههای مقالات منتخب خود را به شیوهی علمی جمعبندی نموده و در اختیار سایر دانشمندان قرار دهند.
برای نمونه، اخیراً یک مطالعه مروری نظاممند که بر روی گزارش موارد مرتبط با طب سوزنی به عمل آمده است. یافتههای این مطالعه نشان میدهد که در فاصله سالهای 2010 تا 2023 میلادی، به طور متوسط، هر سال دوازده مقاله گزارش موارد مرتبط با طب سوزنی، منتشر شده است. با این وجود، این مقالات هنوز به طور کامل دستورالعمل استانداردی را برای ارائه یافتههای خود به کار نبرده و اطلاعات مربوط به طب سوزنی و ارزیابی اثرات آن در این مقالات، ناکافی است [4].
Volume 22, Issue 11 (12-2023)
Background and Objectives: The number of systematic reviews or secondary-level evidence is proliferating, even more than the increase in primary studies. Controversial topics, biased findings, and inconclusive evidence have led policymakers and researchers toward the tertiary level of evidence, that is, “umbrella review”. Despite the fact that umbrella reviews are a relatively new methodology, their numbers have steeply risen in the last decades, suggesting a growing interest and need in this line of research. Several guidelines have been published on conducting umbrella reviews; however, the existing incongruities leave researchers confused about the best way of practice. In the current study, we aimed to clarify the necessity, circumstances, challenges, and pitfalls of umbrella reviews. Lastly, step-by-step guidelines are proposed for the procedure of conducting and drafting the report of an umbrella review. We hope that the present text and the provided practical instructions draw the attention of the Iranian academic community to umbrella reviews s.
Key words: Umbrella review, Systematic review, Evidence
Funding: none.
Conflict of interest: none declared.
Ethical approval: not applicable.
How to cite this article: Asgarizadeh Ahmad, Akbari Zardkhaneh Saeed. Umbrella Reviews: What, Why, and How. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2024; 22 (11): 1205-24. [Farsi]
Volume 23, Issue 11 (12-2024)
Background and Objectives: Reminiscence therapy or recounting the past is a non-pharmacological intervention method that reviews memories. This study aimed at determining the effect of Reminiscence therapy as a non-pharmacological psychological treatment method in people.
Materials and Methods: The present study was designed and conducted by considering the latest suggestions of PRISMA in April 2024. The method involved four main stages. Searches were performed in databases such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Embase. Data extraction included the bibliometric data of each study, data related to the participants, data related to the intervention and control group, and the evaluated outcomes.
Results: In total, among 72 studies, 12 studies were related to the purpose of the present study. Among these 12 studies, 3 focused on sleep (2 studies on sleep quality and 1 study on insomnia), while 9 studies explored the impact on hope (7 studies on hope and 2 studies on despair). The duration of interventions ranged from 2 to 12 weeks and it was reported that the most common number of sessions held was 8, with each session lasting between a minimum of 25 minutes and a maximum of 2 hours.Conclusion: In all studies, the positive effect of memory therapy on improving sleep quality and hope was observed. So, memory therapy can be used as a non-pharmacological psychological intervention for people’s well-being.
Key words: Reminiscence, Reminiscence therapy, Hope, Sleep, Systematic review
Funding: This study did not have any funds.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical considerations): Not applicable.
Authors’ contributions:
- Conceptualization: Mahsa Hosseini
- Methodology: Soheila Shamsi Khani, Mahsa Hosseini
- Data collection: Mahsa Hosseini, Mahsa Rezaei
- Formal analysis: Soheila Shamsi Khani, Mahsa Hosseini
- Supervision: Soheila Shamsi Khani
- Project administration: Soheila Shamsi Khani
- Writing – original draft: Mahsa Hosseini, Mahsa Rezaei
- Writing – review & editing: Soheila Shamsi Khani, Mahsa Hosseini
Volume 24, Issue 2 (5-2025)
Rapid reviews have emerged as a valuable tool in the field of research and evidence synthesis. As a species of systematic review, this review follows its guidelines. Systematic reviews and rapid reviews are both important methods for interpreting research designed to answer scientific questions, but with their differences. A systematic review is a comprehensive and rigorous scientific method that requires significant resources and time to collect, evaluate, and analyze existing evidence. A rapid review is a knowledge synthesis method and follows the guidelines of a systematic review, but speeds up knowledge generation by simplifying or eliminating some of its steps. This review is designed as an efficient and rapid method for designing situations where urgent decisions are needed. The steps of a rapid review include formulating and refining questions by surveying knowledge users, determining eligibility criteria, searching limited and transparent sources, evaluating data and results, and presenting a summary and categorized presentation. In general, while systematic reviews are suitable for more robust and comprehensive decision-making, rapid reviews are particularly useful in emergency situations due to their speed and efficiency. This article first defines and explains the reasons for the emergence of rapid reviews and compares them with systematic reviews. Then the steps involved in conducting rapid reviews, and finally, the applications advantages, methodology, and challenges of conducting them are discussed.
Keywords: Rapid review, Systematic review, Rapid review method
Funding: There is no financial support.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical approval: Not applicable.
Authors’ contributions:
- Conceptualization: Zeinab Zamanpour, Saeed Akbari Zardkhaneh
- Methodology: Zeinab Zamanpour
- Data collection: Zeinab Zamanpour
- Formal analysis: Zeinab Zamanpour
- Supervision: Saeed Akbari Zardkhaneh
- Project administration: Saeed Akbari Zardkhaneh
- Writing - original draft: Zeinab Zamanpour
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Citation: Zamanpour Z, Akbari Zardkhaneh S. An Introduction and Guide to Conducting a Rapid Review as a Fast, Accurate, and Efficient Method in the World of Research: Continuing Education. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2025; 24 (2): 196-209. [Farsi]
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