Volume 23, Issue 8 (1-2025)
JRUMS 2025, 23(8): 721-737 |
Back to browse issues page
Ethics code: IR.ARUMS.REC.1402.164
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Asadi H, Yousefian M, Mehri S. The State of Spiritual Intelligence in Iranian Nurses: A Systematic Review. JRUMS 2025; 23 (8) :721-737
URL: http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-7454-en.html
URL: http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-7454-en.html
Abstract: (692 Views)
Background and Objectives: Spiritual intelligence is a key factor in coping with the challenges and stress that come with working in demanding environments, such as nursing. This study aimed to assess the level of spiritual intelligence among nurses in Iran.
Materials and Methods: In this systematic review, an electronic search was conducted for English articles using the keywords "Nurse", "Spiritual Intelligence", "Iran", and "Hospital" in the PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Ovid databases. Additionally, Persian articles were searched using the keywords "Spiritual Intelligence", "Nurse", "Iran", and "Hospital" in the academic databases of Jihad University (Scientific Information Database; SID), the Iranian Nursing Publications Index (Iranian Nursing Index; Nindex), Magiran, and Iranmedex, covering the period from 2010 to 2022. Articles were extracted in 2023.
Results: A total of 142 articles were extracted, and finally, 30 articles were analyzed. Most of the studies reported the general scores of nurses' spiritual intelligence as being in the average or higher range. Spiritual intelligence was found to have a statistically significant relationship with various variables, including clinical competence, quality of nursing care, nursing performance, emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, mental health, resilience, stress, anxiety, depression, burnout, empathy, physical activity, general health, moral behavior, psychological well-being, patient support, life satisfaction, job stress, perceived stress, nurses' talent management, and happiness (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Since spiritual intelligence can effectively enhance the quality of services, it is recommended that policymakers in the healthcare system implement necessary planning and training programs to improve and promote spiritual intelligence.
Key words: Spiritual intelligence, Nurse, Iran, Systematic review
Funding: This study did not have any funds.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical Considerations: The Ethics Committee of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences approved the study (IR.ARUMS.REC.1402.164).
Authors’ Contributions:
- Conceptualization: Hosein Asadi, Saeid Mehri
- Methodology: Saeid Mehri, Mahzad Yousefian
- Data collection: Saeid Mehri, Hosein Asadi
- Formal analysis: Hosein Asadi, Mahzad Yousefian
- Supervision: Saeid Mehri
- Project administration: Saeid Mehri, Hosein Asadi
- Writing – original draft: Saeid Mehri
- Writing – review & editing: Saeid Mehri
Materials and Methods: In this systematic review, an electronic search was conducted for English articles using the keywords "Nurse", "Spiritual Intelligence", "Iran", and "Hospital" in the PubMed, Google Scholar, Scopus, ScienceDirect, and Ovid databases. Additionally, Persian articles were searched using the keywords "Spiritual Intelligence", "Nurse", "Iran", and "Hospital" in the academic databases of Jihad University (Scientific Information Database; SID), the Iranian Nursing Publications Index (Iranian Nursing Index; Nindex), Magiran, and Iranmedex, covering the period from 2010 to 2022. Articles were extracted in 2023.
Results: A total of 142 articles were extracted, and finally, 30 articles were analyzed. Most of the studies reported the general scores of nurses' spiritual intelligence as being in the average or higher range. Spiritual intelligence was found to have a statistically significant relationship with various variables, including clinical competence, quality of nursing care, nursing performance, emotional intelligence, self-efficacy, mental health, resilience, stress, anxiety, depression, burnout, empathy, physical activity, general health, moral behavior, psychological well-being, patient support, life satisfaction, job stress, perceived stress, nurses' talent management, and happiness (p>0.05).
Conclusion: Since spiritual intelligence can effectively enhance the quality of services, it is recommended that policymakers in the healthcare system implement necessary planning and training programs to improve and promote spiritual intelligence.
Key words: Spiritual intelligence, Nurse, Iran, Systematic review
Funding: This study did not have any funds.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical Considerations: The Ethics Committee of Ardabil University of Medical Sciences approved the study (IR.ARUMS.REC.1402.164).
Authors’ Contributions:
- Conceptualization: Hosein Asadi, Saeid Mehri
- Methodology: Saeid Mehri, Mahzad Yousefian
- Data collection: Saeid Mehri, Hosein Asadi
- Formal analysis: Hosein Asadi, Mahzad Yousefian
- Supervision: Saeid Mehri
- Project administration: Saeid Mehri, Hosein Asadi
- Writing – original draft: Saeid Mehri
|
Citation: Asadi H, Yousefian M, Mehri S. The State of Spiritual Intelligence in Iranian Nurses: A Systematic Review. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2024; 23 (8): 721-37. [Farsi]
|
Type of Study: Review Article |
Subject:
Nursing
Received: 2024/07/25 | Accepted: 2024/12/3 | Published: 2025/01/21
Received: 2024/07/25 | Accepted: 2024/12/3 | Published: 2025/01/21
References
1. Sohrabi F. Spiritual intelligence, human intelligence. Military Psychol 2010; 1(2): 63-6. [Farsi]
2. Karimi MH, Gazerani A, Vaghei S, Gholami H, Salehmoghadam A, Ashori A. Relationship between spiritual intelligence and nurse competence. J Sabzevar Univ Med Sci 2012; 18(2): 132-9. [Farsi]
3. Asharlus V, Dadashikhass E. The effect of spiritual intelligence of managers on employee performance governmental organizations. J Initiat Creativity Humanit 2012; 2(3): 97-110.
4. Emmons RA. Is spirituality an intelligence? Motivation, cognition, and the psychology of ultimate concern. International Journal for the Psychology of Religion 2000; 10(1): 3–26.
5. Khodabakhshi Koolaee A, Heidari S, Khoshkanesh A, Heidari M. Relationship between spiritual intelligence and resilience of stress in preference of delivery method in pregnant women. Iran J Obstet Gynecol Infertil 2013; 16(58): 8-15. [Farsi]
6. Zare Z, Sharifzadeh M, Rastaghi S, Mazandarani M, Mehri A. Relationship between occupational burnout and spiritual intelligence among midwives working in Mobini Hospital and Health Care Centers in Sabzevar city. JSUMS 2019; 26(2): 213-24. [Farsi]
7. Tavan H, Tavan S, Ahmadi Z, Zandnia F. The Relationship between Intellectual Intelligence and Emotional Intelligence and some Demographic variables among Students of the Faculty of Nursing and Midwifery, Ilam University of Medical Sciences in 2014. Jorjani Biomed J 2015; 3(1): 127-34. [Farsi]
8. Amini Javid l, Zandipour T, Karami J. The Effectiveness of Spiritual Intelligence Training on Female Students' depression And Happiness. Quar J of Woman and Soci 2015; 6(22): 141-51. [Farsi]
9. Rezaei F, Golmakani N, Mazloum SR. Relationship between Spiritual Intelligence and Self-efficacy of Clinical Performance in midwives working in maternity and health centers of Mashhad in 2015. The Iranian J of Obs Gyn and Infertil 2015; 19(29): 1-10. [Farsi]
10. Hadad Nia S, Jokar N. The Relationship between Spiritual Intelligence and Emotional Intelligence and Organizational Citizenship Behavior of Secondary School Teachers in Shiraz. Quar J of New App in Edu Adm 2016; 7(2): 158-70. [Farsi]
11. Amini Javid L, Zandipour T, Karami J. The Effectiveness of Spiritual Intelligence Training on Female Students' depression And Happiness. Quar J of Woman and Soc 2015; 6(22): 141-68. [Farsi]
12. Khavari K, Abbasi R, Afshar A, Talebi M. Determining the Relationship between Spiritual Intelligence and Emotional Responses of Nurses Working in Hospitals of Tehran University. Social Welfare 2014; 14(53): 165-77. [Farsi]
13. Nikmanesh Z, Kiekha S. Effect of Spiritual Intelligence and Self-Efficacy on Nurses' Resiliency in Therapeutic and Teaching Centers of Zahedan. J Res Dev Nurs Midw 2016; 12(3): 71-8. [Farsi]
14. Sotoodeh H, Shakerinia I, Kheyrati M, Dargahi S, Ghasemi Jobaneh R. Surveying the relationship between spiritual and moral intelligence and the psychological well-being of nurses. IJMEHM 2016; 9(1): 63-73. [Farsi]
15. Mahmoodi A, Khani L, Ghaffari M. The Relationship of empathy and Spiritual Intelligence with nurses Attitude toward Patient's Right: The mediating role of social responsibility JNE 2017; 6(2): 49-56. [Farsi]
16. Araghian Mojarad F, Purbarar F, Marzband R, Yaghubi T. An overview of spiritual intelligence and its influential factors in health care providers. Clin Exc 2022; 12(2): 14-28. [Farsi]
17. Amiri Z, Amiri H. Amiri Z, Amiri H. The Relationship between Spiritual and Emotional Intelligence and the Quality of Nursing Care in Nurses Working in Ayatollah Taleghani Hospital in Kermanshah in 2018. SJNMP 2019; 5(1): 82-93. [Farsi]
18. George M. How intelligent are you really? From IQ to EQ to SQ, with a little intuition along the way. TDM 2006; 20(4): 425-36.
19. Akbarizadeh F, Jahanpour F, Hajivandi A. The relationship of general health, hardiness and spiritual intelligence relationship in Iranian nurses. Iran J Psychiatry 2013; 8(4): 165-75. [Farsi]
20. Karimi-Moonaghi H, Gazerani A, Vaghee S, Gholami H, Salehmoghaddam AR, Gharibnavaz R. Relation between spiritual intelligence and clinical competency of nurses in Iran. Iran J Nurs Midwifery Res 2015; 20(4): 665-69. [Farsi]
21. Hajian A, Sheikhuleslami M, Homaei R, Rahimi F, Aminoroaia M. Relationship between spiritual and emotional intelligence. JRBS 2011; 10(4): 500-8. [Farsi]
22. Kaheni S, Heidar-Far J, Nasiri E. Relationship between Spiritual Intelligence and Medical- Demographic Characteristics in Community-dwelling Elderly. J Mazandaran Univ Med Sci 2013; 23(101): 87-94. [Farsi]
23. Ranjdoust Sh. The Relationship between Spiritual Intelligence and Emotional Intelligence with Performance of Female Nurses in Tabriz Hospitals in 2018 JRRH 2020; 6(1): 19-35. [Farsi]
24. Alavi S, Ahmadi MA, Zar A. Investigation the Association between Physical Activity and Social Health and Spiritual Intelligence among Nurses. Community Health 2018; 5(2): 94-102. [Farsi]
25. Moradnezhad M, Seylani K, Navab E, Esmaeilie M. Spiritual intelligence of nurses working at the intensive care units of hospitals affiliated with Tehran University of Medical Sciences. Nurs Pract Today 2017; 4(6): 170-9. [Farsi]
26. Noorisamarin S, Noori A. The Relationship between Quality of Life' Dimensions with Spiritual Intelligence and it Dimensions in Female Nurses Working in Ahvaz Hospitals. J of Woman in Culture and Arts 2017; 9(4): 529-40. [Farsi]
27. Sabzianpur Z, Nuri S. Effect of Spiritual Intelligence on Quality of Nursing Care of Educational and Treatment Hospitals in Hamadan. Avicenna J Nurs Midwifery Care 2019; 27(6): 18-24. [Farsi]
28. Aliabadi PK, Zazoly AZ, Sohrab M, Neyestani F, Nazari N, Mousavi Sh ,et al. The role of spiritual intelligence in predicting the empathy levels of nurses with COVID-19 patients. Arch Psychiatr Nurs 2021; 35(6): 658-63. [Farsi]
29. Miri K, keshavarz A, Shirdelzadeh S, Parsa M. The Relationship Between Nurses’ Spiritual Intelligence And Quality Of Nursing Care Based On Nurses’ & Patients’ Viewpoints. Nursing and Midwifery J 2015; 13(6): 518-24. [Farsi]
30. Beiranvand S, Safapour F, Zarea S. Assess relationship between nurses’ spiritual intelligence and self-efficacy. JNE 2019; 8(5): 19-24. [Farsi]
31. Barkhordari-Sharifabad M, Nadian-Sadeh H, Sedaghati Kesbakhi M. The Relationship between Spiritual Intelligence with Caring Behavior and Empathy in Nurses Working in Hospitals affiliated to University of Medical Sciences of Kashan JNE 2020; 8(6): 8-17. [Farsi]
32. Derikvand M, Imanifar N. The Relationship between Spiritual Intelligence and Patient Advocacy in Educational Hospitals in Khorramabad 2017. IJMEHM 2018; 11(6): 278-88. [Farsi]
33. khosravi S, Emami Zeydi A, Seidi J, Mousavinasab S N, Esmaeili R. The Relationship between spiritual intelligence and anger in nurses working in emergency Departments of Educational Medical centers affiliated to the Kurdistan University of Medical Sciences, 2021 IJNR 2022; 16(6): 55-63. [Farsi]
34. Abdorazaghnejad M, Nakhei M, Miri MR. Investigating the relationship between spiritual intelligence and quality of life in nurses of Birjand teaching hospitals. J Birjand Univ Med Sci 2020; 27(2): 301-7. [Farsi]
35. Khayatan T, Sargazi F, Sadeghi Mollamahaleh H. The Relationship between Spiritual Intelligence with Life Satisfaction and General Health among Female Nurses. JMP 2022; 2(2): 25-32. [Farsi]
36. Jafari J, Zare M, Hosseini R, Saberi N, Jafari M. Relationship between Spiritual Health and Emotional Intelligence of Nurses: A Cross-sectional Study in Southeastern Iran. J Spritual Health 2022; 1(4): 128-35. [Farsi]
37. Mokhtari MH. The Effect of Spiritual Intelligence on Mental Health: A Study on Female Nurses in Mazandaran's Hospitals. JLSWF 2022; 4(8): 57-68. [Farsi]
38. Nikmanesh Z, Kiekha S. Effect of Spiritual Intelligence and Self-Efficacy on Nurses' Resiliency in Therapeutic and Teaching Centers of Zahedan. J Res Dev Nurs Midw 2016; 12(2): 71-8. [Farsi]
39. Ghaleei A, Mohajeran B, mahmoodzadeh M. The Relationship among spiritual intelligence, mental health and job stress in nurses in Imam Khomeini Hospital of Mahabad. Avicenna J Nurs Midwifery Care 2015; 23(5): 14-21. [Farsi]
40. Nazemi F, Aghayousefi A, Shaghaghi F. A survey of the relationship between spiritual intelligence and personality components among nurses in military hospitals. JMP 2013; 4(1): 70-9. [Farsi]
41. Sotoodeh H, Shakerinia I, Kheyrati M, Dargahi S, Ghasemi Jobaneh R. Surveying the relationship between spiritual and moral intelligence and the psychological well-being of nurses. IJMEHM 2016; 9(1): 63-73. [Farsi]
42. Shahrokhi A, Elikaei N, Yekefallah L, Barikani A. Relationship between spiritual intelligence and perceived stress among critical care nurses. JQUMS 2018; 22(3): 40-9. [Farsi]
43. Bagheri F, Akbarizadeh F, Hatami H. The Relationship between Spiritual Intelligence and Happiness on the Nurse Staffs of the Fatemeh Zahra Hospital and Bentolhoda Institute of Boushehr City. Iran South Med J 2011; 14(4): 256-63. [Farsi]
44. Khavari K, Afshari A, Talebi M, Abbasi R. Determining the Relationship between Spiritual Intelligence and Emotional Response of Nurses Working in Tehran University Hospitals, medical University Tehran. Refah J 2011; 14(53): 165-77. [Farsi]
45. Khaleghkhah A, Babaei M, Mozafari N, Sheshgelani Y. Relationships between Nurses' Talent Management and Emotional and Spiritual Intelligence J health 2017; 8(3): 454-63. [Farsi]
46. Gholamali Lm, Afzali L, Davoodi M. Nurses’ job Burnout: The Role Of Emotional Intelligence, Spiritual Intelligence And Hardiness. JAPR 2016; 7(2): 1-16. [Farsi]
47. Ashoori J. Investigating the Correlation of Organizational Citizenship Behavior, Job Satisfaction, and Spiritual Intelligence with Ethical Behavior nurses. JEE 2015; 4(2): 61-8. [Farsi]
48. Mahmoodi A, Khani L, Ghaffari M. The Relationship of empathy and Spiritual Intelligence with nurses Attitude toward Patient's Right: The mediating role of social responsibility JNE 2017; 6(3): 49-56. [Farsi]
49. Ghashghaeizadeh N, Hoseinpour M, Jamei M. The Prediction of Nurse’s Adaptive Performance based on Psychological Capital and Spiritual Intelligence (Case Study: Shaidzadeh Hospital of Behbahan). IJNR 2019; 13(3): 52-7 [Farsi]
50. Mahmoudirad G, Bagherian F. Effects Of Spiritual Intelligence Training On Nurses’ Job Stress. QJNM 2015; 4(3): 69-79. [Farsi]
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |
