1. Hajifathalian K, Kumar S, Newberry C, Shah S, Fortune B, Krisko T, et al. Obesity is associated with worse outcomes in COVID-19: analysis of early data from New York City. Obesity 2020; 28: 1606-12.
2. WHO. Obesity and Overweigh [Internet]. Who. int.Available from: https:// www.who.int/news-room/fact-sheets/detail/ obesityand-overweight. 2018.
3. Mohammed MS, Sendra S, Lloret J, Bosch I. Systems and WBANs for controlling obesity. J Healthc Eng 2018.
4. Abiri B, Ahmadi AR, Amini S, Akbari M, Hosseinpanah F, Madinehzad SA, et al. Prevalence of overweight and obesity among Iranian population: a systematic review and meta-analysis. J Health Popul Nutr 2023; 42(1): 70. [Farsi]
5. Sinha R. Role of addiction and stress neurobiology on food intake and obesity. Biol Psychol 2018; 131: 5–13.
6. Arjmand G, Shidfar F, Abbaszadeh M, Molavi Nojoomi M, Amirfarhangi A. Assessing Predictive Power of the Abdominal Volume Index Compared to other Anthropometric Indices and Its Association with Risk Factors of Cardiovascular Diseases. Iranian J Nutr Sci Food Technol 2021; 15(4): 21-30. [Farsi]
7. Narimani M, Nemati SM. The Relationship between Psychological Distress and Self-Esteem with Anthropometric Characteristics in Obese Children. JSSU 2020; 28(9): 3030-3043. [Farsi]
8. Larsen B, Bellettiere J, Allison M, Ryu R, Tam RM, McClelland RL, et al. Associations of Abdominal Muscle Density and Area and Incident Cardiovascular Disease, Coronary Heart Disease, and Stroke: The Multi‐Ethnic Study of Atherosclerosis. JAHA 2024; e032014.
9. Patil VC, Parale G, Kulkarni P, Patil HV. Relation of anthropometric variables to coronary artery disease risk factors. IJEM 2011; 15(1): 31.
10. Devoto F, Mariano M, Gornetti E, Paulesu E, Zapparoli L. Trait food craving predicts functional connectivity between dopaminergic midbrain and the fusiform food area during eating imagery. Front Psychiatry 2024; 15: 1396376.
11. Stefanaki K, Karagiannakis DS, Peppa M, Vryonidou A, Kalantaridou S, Goulis DG, et al. Food Cravings and Obesity in Women with Polycystic Ovary Syndrome: Pathophysiological and Therapeutic Considerations. Nutrients 2024; 16(7): 1049.
12. Malika NM, Hayman LW Jr, Miller AL, Lee HJ, Lumeng JC. Low-income women's conceptualizations of food craving and food addiction. Eat Behav 2015; 18: 25-29.
13. Chao AM, Grilo CM, Sinha R. Food cravings, binge eating, and eating disorder psychopathology: Exploring the moderating roles of gender and race. Eat Behav 2014
14. Contreras-Rodríguez O, Martín-Pérez C, Vilar- López R, Verdejo-Garcia A. Ventral and Dorsal Striatum Networks in Obesity: Link to Food Craving and Weight Gain. Biol Psychiatry 2017; 81(9): 789-796.
15. Anderson EC, Cantelon JA, Holmes A, Giles GE, Brunyé TT, Kanarek R. Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) to dorsolateral prefrontal cortex influences perceived pleasantness of food. Heliyon 2023; 9(2).
16. Val-Laillet D, Aarts E, Weber B, Ferrari M, Quaresima V, Stoeckel LE, et al. Neuroimaging and neuromodulation approaches to study eating behavior and prevent and treat eating disorders and obesity. NeuroImage Clin 2015; 8: 1-31.
17. Stramba-Badiale C, Mancuso V, Cavedoni S, Pedroli E, Cipresso P, Riva G. Transcranial magnetic stimulation meets virtual reality: the potential of integrating brain stimulation with a simulative technology for food addiction. Front Neurosci 2020; 14: 535103.
18. Barker AT, Freeston IL, Jalinous R, Jarratt JA. Magnetic stimulation of the human brain and peripheral nervous system: an introduction and the results of an initial clinical evaluation. Neurosurgery. 1987 Jan 1;20(1):100-9.
19. McGirr A, Van den Eynde F, Tovar-Perdomo S, Fleck MP, Berlim MT. Effectiveness and acceptability of accelerated repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) for treatment-resistant major depressive disorder: an open label trial. J Affect Disord 2015; 173: 216-20.
20. Li X, Caulfield KA, Hartwell KJ, Henderson S, Brady KT, George MS. Reduced executive and reward connectivity is associated with smoking cessation response to repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation: A double-blind, randomized, sham-controlled trial. Brain Imaging and Behavior 2024; 18(1): 207-19.
21. Sahlem GL, Kim B, Baker NL, Wong BL, Caruso MA, Campbell LA, et al. A preliminary randomized controlled trial of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation applied to the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex in treatment seeking participants with cannabis use disorder. Drug Alcohol Dependence 2024; 254: 111035.
22. Brown JC, Yuan S, DeVries WH, Armstrong NM, Korte JE, Sahlem GL, et al. NMDA-receptor agonist reveals LTP-like properties of 10-Hz rTMS in the human motor cortex. Brain Stimu 2021; 14(3): 619-21.
23. Hanlon CA, Dowdle LT, Correia B, Mithoefer O, Kearney-Ramos T, Lench D, et al. Left frontal pole theta burst stimulation decreases orbitofrontal and insula activity in cocaine users and alcohol users. Drug and alcohol dependence 2017; 178: 310-7.
24. Gay A, Cabe J, De Chazeron I, Lambert C, Defour M, Bhoowabul V, et al. Repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation (rTMS) as a promising treatment for craving in stimulant drugs and behavioral addiction: a meta-analysis. J Clin Med 2022; 11(3): 624.
25. Ray MK, Sylvester MD, Osborn L, Helms J, Turan B, Burgess EE. The critical role of cognitivebased trait differences in transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) suppression of food craving and eating in frank obesity. Appetite 2017; 116:568-74.
26. Montenegro RA, Okano AH, Cunha FA, Gurgel JL, Fontes EB, Farinatti PT. Prefrontal cortex transcranial direct current stimulation associated with aerobic exercise change aspects of appetite sensation in overweight adults. Appetite 2012; 58(1): 333-338.
27. Faul F, Erdfelder E, Lang AG, Buchner A. G* Power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods 2007; 39(2): 175-91.
28. Camprodon J.A, Martínez-Raga J, Alonso-Alonso M, Shih M.C, Pascual-Leone A. One session of high frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimula-tion (rTMS) to the right prefrontal cortex transiently reduces cocaine craving. Drug Alcohol Depend 2007; 86: 91–94.
29. Sasani B, Moazami Goudarzi S, Ebrahimi Moghaddam H. The Effect of Transcranial Electrical Simulation on the Temptation of Drug Abuse in Adult Males with Substance Abuse Disorder in Safadasht. Cogn Psychol 2020; 8(2): r001597.
30. Cepeda-Benito A, Gleaves DH, Fernandez MC, Vila J, Williams TL, Reynoso J. The development and validation of Spanish versions of the state and trait food cravings questionnaires. Behav Res Ther 2000; 38(11): 1125-38.
31. Kachooei, M., Ashrafi, E. Exploring the Factor Structure, Reliability and Validity of the Food Craving Questionnaire-Trait in Iranian adults. JKMU 2016; 23(5): 631-648. [Farsi]
32. Grall-Bronnec M, Sauvaget A. The use of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation for modulating craving and addictive behaviours: a critical literature review of efficacy, technical and methodological considerations. Neurosci Biobehav Rev 2014; 47: 592-613.
33. Maiti R, Mishra BR, Hota D. Effect of high-frequency transcranial magnetic stimulation on craving in substance use disorder: a meta-analysis. J Neuropsychiatry Clin 2017; 29(2): 160-71.
34. Dinur-Klein L, Dannon P, Hadar A, Rosenberg O, Roth Y, Kotler M, et al. Smoking cessation induced by deep repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the prefrontal and insular cortices: a prospective, randomized controlled trial. Biological Psychiatry 2014; 76(9): 742-9.
35. Skurvydas A, Valančiene D, Satas A, Mickevičiene D,Vadopalas K, Karanauskienė D. Are motor and cognitive control, impulsivity and risk-taking behaviour as well as moral decision making determined by the activity of prefrontal cortex during stroop test? JSHS 2018; 1(108): 30-41.
36. Kim SH, Chung JH, Kim TH, Lim SH, Kim Y, Eun YM, et al. The effects of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation on body weight and food consumption in obese adults: A randomized controlled study. Brain Stimul 2019; 12(6): 1556-64.
37. Bou Khalil R, El Hachem C. Potential role of repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation in obesity. Eating and Weight Disorders-Studies on Anorexia, Bulimia and Obesity 2014; 19: 403-7.
38. Su H, Zhong N, Gan H, Wang J, Han H, Chen T, et al. High frequency repetitive transcranial magnetic stimulation of the left dorsolateral prefrontal cortex for methamphetamine use disorders: a randomised clinical trial. drug Alcohol Depend 2017; 175: 84-91.
39.