Journal of Rafsanjan University of Medical Sciences
Volume 25, Issue 2 (7-2026)
JRUMS 2026, 25(2): 117-132 |
Back to browse issues page
Ethics code: IR.PNU.REC.1403.242
Download citation:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
BibTeX | RIS | EndNote | Medlars | ProCite | Reference Manager | RefWorks
Send citation to:
Mashalpourfard M, Bavi Z. Comparison of Perceived Stress and Sleep Quality in Students with and without Internet Gaming Disorder in Ahvaz in 2024: A Descriptive Study. JRUMS 2026; 25 (2) :117-132
URL: http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-7905-en.html
URL: http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-7905-en.html
Assistant Professor, Faculty of Educational sciences and Psychology, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran
Full-Text [PDF 874 kb]
(7 Downloads)
| Abstract (HTML) (16 Views)
Full-Text: (4 Views)
Comparison of Perceived Stress and Sleep Quality in Students with and without Internet Gaming Disorder in Ahvaz in 2024: A Descriptive Study
Marzieh Mashalpourfard[1], Zeinab Bavi[2]
Received: 13/12/25 Sent for Revision: 07/02/25 Received Revised Manuscript: 03/05/26 Accepted: 06/05/26
Background and Objectives: The mental and physical health of adolescents is threatened by emerging factors such as Internet gaming addiction, and identifying factors related to this disorder can open a promising window to help the digital generation. This study aimed to compare perceived stress and sleep quality in students with and without Internet gaming disorder in Ahvaz.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 200 students in 2024. The sample members were selected using a multistage cluster random sampling method. The research instruments included a demographic information form, Putz Internet Gaming Disorder Questionnaire, Cohen Perceived Stress Scale, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).
Results: In terms of perceived stress and sleep disturbance, addiction to Internet gaming was associated with elevated scores (39.46±6.11 
and 21.82±2.13 
, respectively) compared to the non-addicted group (29.82±5.21 
and 14.30±3.35 
, respectively). There was a significant difference between students with Internet gaming addiction and non-addicted students in the variables of perceived stress (F=28.31, p<0.001, effect size=0.84) and sleep quality (F=31.59, p<0.001, effect size=0.84).
Conclusion: The current study indicated that perceived stress and sleep disturbance were significantly higher in students with Internet gaming addiction than in non-addicted students. Applying these findings to preventive programs and to appropriate, early interventions seems essential to improving the educational health system.
Keywords: Internet gaming addiction, Perceived stress, Sleep quality, Students
Funding: This study did not receive any funds.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical considerations: The Ethics Committee of Payam-e-Noor University approved the study (IR.PNU.REC.1403.242).
Authors’ contributions:
- Conceptualization: Marzieh Mashalpourfard
- Methodology: Marzieh Mashalpourfard, Zeinab Bavi
- Data collection: Zeinab Bavi
- Formal analysis: Marzieh Mashalpourfard, Zeinab Bavi
- Supervision: Marzieh Mashalpourfard
- Project administration: Marzieh Mashalpourfard
- Writing – original draft: Zeinab Bavi
- Writnig – review & editing: Marzieh Mashalpourfard
(Corresponding Author) Tel: (0613) 3335107, E-mail: Mashalpour.m@pnu.ac.ir
Marzieh Mashalpourfard[1], Zeinab Bavi[2]
Received: 13/12/25 Sent for Revision: 07/02/25 Received Revised Manuscript: 03/05/26 Accepted: 06/05/26
Background and Objectives: The mental and physical health of adolescents is threatened by emerging factors such as Internet gaming addiction, and identifying factors related to this disorder can open a promising window to help the digital generation. This study aimed to compare perceived stress and sleep quality in students with and without Internet gaming disorder in Ahvaz.
Materials and Methods: This descriptive study was conducted on 200 students in 2024. The sample members were selected using a multistage cluster random sampling method. The research instruments included a demographic information form, Putz Internet Gaming Disorder Questionnaire, Cohen Perceived Stress Scale, and Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Questionnaire. Data analysis was performed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA).
Results: In terms of perceived stress and sleep disturbance, addiction to Internet gaming was associated with elevated scores (
and , respectively) compared to the non-addicted group ( and , respectively). There was a significant difference between students with Internet gaming addiction and non-addicted students in the variables of perceived stress (F=28.31, p<0.001, effect size=0.84) and sleep quality (F=31.59, p<0.001, effect size=0.84).Conclusion: The current study indicated that perceived stress and sleep disturbance were significantly higher in students with Internet gaming addiction than in non-addicted students. Applying these findings to preventive programs and to appropriate, early interventions seems essential to improving the educational health system.
Keywords: Internet gaming addiction, Perceived stress, Sleep quality, Students
Funding: This study did not receive any funds.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical considerations: The Ethics Committee of Payam-e-Noor University approved the study (IR.PNU.REC.1403.242).
Authors’ contributions:
- Conceptualization: Marzieh Mashalpourfard
- Methodology: Marzieh Mashalpourfard, Zeinab Bavi
- Data collection: Zeinab Bavi
- Formal analysis: Marzieh Mashalpourfard, Zeinab Bavi
- Supervision: Marzieh Mashalpourfard
- Project administration: Marzieh Mashalpourfard
- Writing – original draft: Zeinab Bavi
- Writnig – review & editing: Marzieh Mashalpourfard
|
Citation: Mashalpourfard M, Bavi Z. Comparison of Perceived Stress and Sleep Quality in Students with and without Internet Gaming Disorder in Ahvaz in 2024: A Descriptive Study. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2026; 25 (2): 117-32. doi: 10.66224/jrums.25.2.117. [Farsi].
|
[1]- Assistant Prof., Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Payam-e-Noor University, Tehran, Iran, ORCID: 0000-0002-6191-6544
(Corresponding Author) Tel: (0613) 3335107, E-mail: Mashalpour.m@pnu.ac.ir
[2]- MSC in Psychology, Faculty of Educational Sciences and Psychology, Payam-e-Noor University, Tehran, Iran
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Psychiatry
Received: 2025/12/6 | Accepted: 2026/06/7 | Published: 2026/07/28
Received: 2025/12/6 | Accepted: 2026/06/7 | Published: 2026/07/28
References
1. Nong WA, He Z, Ye JH, Wu YF, Wu YT, Ye J N. The relationship between short video flow, addiction, serendipity, and achievement motivation among Chinese vocational school students: the post-epidemic era context. Healthcare 2023; 11: 462-78.
2. Pape M, Reichrath B, Bottel L, Herpertz S, Kessler H, Dieris-Hirche J. Alexithymia and internet gaming disorder in the light of depression: A cross-sectional clinical study. AMST 2022; 229: 103698.
3. Bonnaire C, Baptista D. Internet gaming disorder in male and female young adults: The role of alexithymia, depression, anxiety and gaming type. PSYCHIAT RES 2019; 272: 521-30.
4. Sun R-Q, Sun G-F, Ye J-H. The effects of online game addiction on reduced academic achievement motivation among Chinese college students: the mediating role of learning engagement. Front. Psychol 2023; 14: 1185353.
5. Li H, Wang S. The role of cognitive distortion in online game addiction among Chinese adolescents. Child Youth Serv Rev 2013; 35(9): 1468-75.
6. Cheng Y, Jiang S, Chen J. Academic expectation stress and online gaming disorder among Chinese adolescents: The mediating role of psychological distress and the moderating role of stress mindset. Child Youth Serv Rev 2024; 158: 107492.
7. Teng Z, Pontes HM, Nie Q, Griffiths MD, Guo C. Depression and anxiety symptoms associated with internet gaming disorder before and during the COVID-19 pandemic: a longitudinal study. J Behav Addict 2021; 10: 169-80.
8. Nor Firdous M, Norfirdous NAb, Muhd Fadlin MF, Bahbibi R, Abd Wahab R, Baharudin SNA, et al. The prevalence of internet gaming disorders and the associated psychosocial risk factors among adolescents in Malaysian secondary schools, CCPP 2023; 10(4): 177-91.
9. Cheng C, Cheung MWL, Wang H-Y. Multinational comparison of internet gaming disorder and psychosocial problems versus well-being: meta-analysis of 20 countries. CHBJ 2018; 88: 153-67.
10. Maroufizadeh S, Zareiyan A, Sigari N. Reliability and validity of Persian version of perceived stress scale (PSS-10) in adults with asthma. Arch Iran Med 2014; 17(5): 361-85. [Farsi]
11. Malekmohammadi M, Tehranchi A, Sadeghipour Roudsari M, Attaran N, Dalband M, Namdari M, et al. Dental students' perceived stress during the COVID-19 outbreak in Tehran, Iran. Caspian J Dent Res 2021; 10(2): 8-19. [Farsi]
12. Jia Y, Loo Y. Prevalence and determinants of perceived stress among undergraduate students in a Malaysian University. J TM 2018; 21(1): 1-5.
13. Brand M, Young KS, Laier C. Integrating psychological and neurobiological considerations regarding the development and maintenance of specific Internet-use disorders: An interaction of Person-Affect-Cognition-Execution (I-PACE) model. JNBR 2016; 71: 252-66.
14. Young KS, Brand M. Merging theoretical models and therapy approaches in the context of Internet gaming disorder: A personal perspective. Frontiers in Psychology 2017; 8: 1853.
15. Kaess M, Parzer P, Mehl L, Weil L, Strittmatter E, Resch F, et al. Stress vulnerability in male youth with Internet gaming disorder. PNEC 2017; 77: 244-51.
16. Kuss DJ, Griffiths MD. Online gaming addiction in children and adolescents: A review of empirical research. JBA 2012; 1(1): 3-22.
17. Eickhoff LTE, Yung K, Davis DL, Bishop F, Klam CWP, Doan AP. Excessive Video Game Use, Sleep Deprivation, and Poor Work Performance Among U.S. Marines Treated in a Military Mental Health Clinic: A Case Series. MMJ 2015; 180: e839-43.
18. Mohsenzadeh A, Farhadi A, Tarrahi MJ, Pedram A. Prevalence of sleep disorders in khorramabad 7-12 years old elementary school children in school year 2006-2007. Yafte 2009; 11(3): 41-9. [Farsi]
19. Mortazavi S, Farhadi H. The relationship between addictions to computer games with sleep disorder in preschool children: the moderating role of relationship with parents. JCMA 2021; 8(1): 61-79. [Farsi]
20. Hawi NS. Habits and academic achievement. JBA 2018; 7(1): 70-81.
21. Zheng H, Hu Y, Wang Z, Wang M, Du X, Dong G. Meta-analyses of the functional neural alterations in subjects with Internet gaming disorder: Similarities and differences across different paradigms. PN_PBP 2019; 94: 109656.
22. Khanbabaei S, Abdollahi MH. A Review of etiological models on internet gaming disorder with emphasize on the interactive model. RRJ 2021; 10(7): 213-23. [Farsi]
23. Zhen R, Liu RD, Hong W, Zhou X. How do Interpersonal Relationships Relieve Adolescents’ Problematic Mobile Phone Use? The Roles of Loneliness and Motivation to Use Mobile Phones. IJERPH 2019; 16(13): 2286.
24. Tajalli F, Zarnaghash M. Effect of Family Communication Patterns on Internet Addiction. JPCP 2017; 5(3): 159-66. [Farsi]
25. Veisani Y, Mohamadian F. The investigating of relationship between anxiety and depression in internet addiction in 13-18 years old adolescents in Ilam. TRIS 2021; 3(4): 99-118.
26. Mihara S, Higuchi S. Cross‐sectional and longitudinal epidemiological studies of Internet gaming disorder: A systematic review of the literature. PCNJ 2017; 71(7): 425-44.
27. Ustundag A, Caymaz V. Investigating the Relationship Between Digital Game Addiction and Health-related Quality of Life of Adolescents. JRH 2024; 14(4): 395-404.
28. Khodadadifard L, Alirezaei F, Mohammadbeige A, Saleh A, Mehdipour A. Association Between Internet Addiction, Perceived Stress, Salivary Cortisol Level and Educational Declare in Dental Students. QUMSJ 2023; 17: E2026.
29. Pontes HM, Griffiths MD. Measuring DSM-5 internet gaming disorder: development and validation of a short psychometric scale. CHBJ 2015; 45: 137-43.
30. Vahidi M, Zamanzadeh V, Mousavi S, Janani R, Namdari H. Validation of the Persian version of the internet gaming disorder-20 Test among the students of Tabriz University of Medical Sciences. JTHUMS 2019; 7(1): 26-15. [Farsi]
31. Cohen S, Kamarck T, Mermelstein R. A global measure of perceived stress. JHSB 1983; 24(4): 385-96.
32. Narimani M, Abolghasemi A. Psychological Tests. Bagh Rezvan Publications. First edition. Tabriz. Bagherezvan. Publication. 2005; 80-1. [Farsi]
33. Agargun MY, Kara H, Anlar Ö. Validity and reliability of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index in Turkish sample. Turk J Psychiat 1996; 7: 107-15.
34. Weinstein AM. An update overview on brain imaging studies of Internet Gaming Disorder. FPJ 2017; 8: 185.
35. Mahmoudi E, Mirzakhany N, Tabatabaee M. Effect of sensory processing disorder on quality of sleep of rehabilitation students of Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences and Iran University of Medical Sciences in 2019. J R Med 2021; 9(4): 62-70.
36. Bozovic D, Racic M, Ivkovic N. Salivary cortisol levels as a biological marker of stress reaction. Med Arch 2013; 67(5): 374-87.
37. Louvardi M, Chrousos GP, Darviri C. The effect of stress management techniques on persons with addictive behaviors: A systematic review. MSJ 2021; 33(3): 213-8.
38. Saquib N, Saquib J, Wahid A. Video game addiction and psychological distress among expatriate adolescents in Saudi Arabia. ABRJ 2017; 28(6): 112-7.
39. Limone P, Ragni B, Toto GA. The epidemiology and effects of video game addiction: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Acta Psychol 2023; 241: 104047.
40. Canale N, Marino C, Griffiths MD. The association between problematic online gaming and perceived stress: The moderating effect of psychological resilience. JBA 2019; 8(1): 174-80.
41. Pan Y, Zhou D, Shek DTL. Participation in after-school extracurricular activities and cognitive ability among early adolescents in China: moderating effects of gender and family economic status. FPJ 2022; 10: 839473.
42. Zaman M, Babar MS, Babar M, Sabir F, Ashraf F, Tahir MJ, et al. Prevalence of gaming addiction and its impact on sleep quality: A cross-sectional study from Pakistan. AMSJ 2022; 78: 103641.
43. Cheng Y, Shan Jiang Sh, Chen J. Academic expectation stress and online gaming disorder among Chinese adolescents: The mediating role of psychological distress and the moderating role of stress mindset. CYSR 2024; 158: 107492.
44. Gao B, Zhu SJ, Wu JL. The relationship between cell phone addiction and learning engagement among college students: the mediating role of self-control and the moderating role of core self-evaluation. Psychol 2021; 37: 400-6.
45.
Send email to the article author
| Rights and permissions | |
 |
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License. |