Volume 24, Issue 9 (12-2025)
JRUMS 2025, 24(9): 835-850 |
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Ethics code: IR.UOK.REC.1403.056
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Behrouzpoor P, Eyni S, Zemestani M. The Relationship between Attachment Styles and Post-Traumatic Growth with the Mediating Role of Intrusive and Deliberate Rumination among Adults in Kermanshah City in 2025: A Descriptive Study. JRUMS 2025; 24 (9) :835-850
URL: http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-7836-en.html
URL: http://journal.rums.ac.ir/article-1-7836-en.html
University of Kurdistan
Abstract: (27 Views)
Background and Objectives: Throughout life, adults may experience traumatic events that, despite their negative consequences, can also lead to posttraumatic growth. The present study aimed to determine the role of attachment styles in predicting posttraumatic growth through the mediating effects of intrusive and deliberate rumination.
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-correlational study, 716 adults in Kermanshah (Iran) in 2025 were purposively selected. All participants had experienced at least one traumatic event. The instruments included the Life Events Checklist, the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory, the Revised Adult Attachment Scale, and the Event-Related Rumination Inventory. Data were collected through checklists and questionnaires and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM).
Results: The findings revealed that secure attachment (β=0.37, p<0.001) and deliberate rumination (β=0.37, p<0.001) were positively and significantly related to post-traumatic growth, whereas avoidant attachment (β=−0.23, p<0.001), anxious/ambivalent attachment (β=−0.39, <0.001), and intrusive rumination (β=−0.15, p<0.001) showed significant negative relationships with post-traumatic growth. Furthermore, the mediating roles of rumination types were supported in most relationships, except that intrusive rumination did not significantly mediate the relationship between anxious attachment and posttraumatic growth.
Conclusion: The results highlight the importance of attachment styles and rumination patterns in post-traumatic growth. Reducing intrusive rumination may buffer the adverse effects of insecure attachment and trauma, while strengthening deliberate rumination can promote positive psychological outcomes. Thus, therapeutic interventions targeting rumination modification may help mitigate negative consequences and enhance mental health in adults.
Keywords: Attachment styles, Post-traumatic growth, Intrusive rumination, Deliberate rumination, Adults
Funding: This study did not have any funds.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical considerations: The Ethics Committee of University of Kurdistan approved the study (IR.UOK.REC.1403.056).
Authors’ contributions:
- Conceptualization: Sanaz Eyni, Mehdi Zemestani, Parya Behrouzpoor
- Methodology: Parya Behrouzpoor
- Data collection: Parya Behrouzpoor
- Formal analysis: Sanaz Eyni, Mehdi Zemestani
- Supervision: Sanaz Eyni, Mehdi Zemestani
- Project administration: Sanaz Eyni
- Writing – original draft: Sanaz Eyni
- Writing – review & editing: Mehdi Zemestani, Parya Behrouzpoor
Materials and Methods: In this descriptive-correlational study, 716 adults in Kermanshah (Iran) in 2025 were purposively selected. All participants had experienced at least one traumatic event. The instruments included the Life Events Checklist, the Post-traumatic Growth Inventory, the Revised Adult Attachment Scale, and the Event-Related Rumination Inventory. Data were collected through checklists and questionnaires and analyzed using structural equation modeling (SEM).
Results: The findings revealed that secure attachment (β=0.37, p<0.001) and deliberate rumination (β=0.37, p<0.001) were positively and significantly related to post-traumatic growth, whereas avoidant attachment (β=−0.23, p<0.001), anxious/ambivalent attachment (β=−0.39, <0.001), and intrusive rumination (β=−0.15, p<0.001) showed significant negative relationships with post-traumatic growth. Furthermore, the mediating roles of rumination types were supported in most relationships, except that intrusive rumination did not significantly mediate the relationship between anxious attachment and posttraumatic growth.
Conclusion: The results highlight the importance of attachment styles and rumination patterns in post-traumatic growth. Reducing intrusive rumination may buffer the adverse effects of insecure attachment and trauma, while strengthening deliberate rumination can promote positive psychological outcomes. Thus, therapeutic interventions targeting rumination modification may help mitigate negative consequences and enhance mental health in adults.
Keywords: Attachment styles, Post-traumatic growth, Intrusive rumination, Deliberate rumination, Adults
Funding: This study did not have any funds.
Conflict of interest: None declared.
Ethical considerations: The Ethics Committee of University of Kurdistan approved the study (IR.UOK.REC.1403.056).
Authors’ contributions:
- Conceptualization: Sanaz Eyni, Mehdi Zemestani, Parya Behrouzpoor
- Methodology: Parya Behrouzpoor
- Data collection: Parya Behrouzpoor
- Formal analysis: Sanaz Eyni, Mehdi Zemestani
- Supervision: Sanaz Eyni, Mehdi Zemestani
- Project administration: Sanaz Eyni
- Writing – original draft: Sanaz Eyni
- Writing – review & editing: Mehdi Zemestani, Parya Behrouzpoor
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Citation: Behrouzpoor P, Eyni S, Zemestani M. The Relationship between Attachment Styles and Post-Traumatic Growth with the Mediating Role of Intrusive and Deliberate Rumination among Adults in Kermanshah City in 2025: A Descriptive Study. J Rafsanjan Univ Med Sci 2025; 24 (9): 835-50. [Farsi]
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Keywords: Attachment styles, Post-traumatic growth, Intrusive rumination, Deliberate rumination, Adults
Type of Study: Research |
Subject:
Psychiatry
Received: 2025/09/16 | Accepted: 2025/11/22 | Published: 2025/12/19
Received: 2025/09/16 | Accepted: 2025/11/22 | Published: 2025/12/19
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